書籍詳細

I. 狭心症の基礎知識―定義,病態生理,分類,診断―

P.35 掲載の参考文献

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• 3) The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association:Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of diseases of the heart and great vessels. 8th ed. pp.288, Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1979.

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• 6) Monroe, R. G., French, G. N. :Left ventricular pressure-volume relationships and myocardial oxygen consumption in isolated heart. Circ. Res., 9:362, 1961.
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• 7) Sarnoff, S. J., Braunwald, E., Welch, G. H. JR, Case, R. B., Stainsby, W. N., Macruz, K. :Hemodynamic determinants of oxygen consumption of heart with special reference to tension-time index. Am. J. Physiol. 192:148, 1958.

• 8) Katz, L. N., Feinberg, H. :Relation of cardiac effort to myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow. Circ. Res., 6:656, 1958.
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• 9) Graham, T. P., JR, Covell, J. W., Sonnenblick, E. H., Ross, J. JR, Braunwald, E. :The control of myocardial oxygen consumption:Relative influence of contractile state and tension development. J. Clin. Invest., 47:375, 1968.
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• 11) Sonnenblick, E. H., Ross. J. JR, Braunwald, E. :Oxygen consumption of the heart. Newer concepts of its multifactoral determination. Am. J. Cardiol. 22:328, 1968.
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• 12) Suga, H. :Total mechanical energy of a ventricle model and cardiac oxygen consumption. Am. J. Physiol., 236:H498, 1979.
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• 13) 菅弘之, 林孝和, 末広茂文, 久納隆一, 白幡真知子:心臓酸素消費量の決定要因-心室収縮期圧容積面積-. 循環器病研究の進歩, 2:76, 1981.

• 14) Schwartz, G. G., McHale, P. A., Greenfield, J. C. :Coronary vasodilation after a single ventricular extra-activation in the conscious dog. Circ. Res., 50:38, 1982.
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• 15) Berne, R. M. :The role of adenosine in the regulation of coronary blood flow. Circ. Res., 47:807, 1980.
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• 16) Mosher, P., Ross, J. JR, McFate, P. A., Shaw, R. F. :Control of coronary blood flow by an autoregulatory mechanism. Circ. Res., 14:250, 1964.
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• 17) Boatwright, R. B., Downey, H. F., Bashour, F. A., Crystal, G. J. :Transmural variation in autoregulation of coronary blood flow in hyperperfused canine myocardium. Circ. Res., 47:599, 1980.
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• 18) Giles, R. W., Wilcken, D. E. L. :Reactive hyperemia in the dog heart. Evidence for a myogenic contribution. Cardiovasc. Res, 11:64, 1977.

• 19) Saito, D., Steinhart, C. R., Nixon, D. G., Olsson, R. A. :Intracoronary adenosine deaminase reduces canine myocardial reactive hyperemia. Circ. Res., 49:1262, 1981.
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• 20) Young, M. A., Vatner, S. F. :Regulation of large coronary arteries. Circ. Res., 59:579, 1986.
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• 21) Furchgott, R. F. :Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle. Circ. Res., 53:557, 1983.
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• 22) Griggs, D. M. JR, Nakamura, Y. :Effects of coronary constriction on myocardial distribution of Iodoantipyrine-I. Am. J. Physiol., 215:1082, 1968.
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• 23) Hoffman, J. I. E., Buckberg, G. D. :Transmural variations in myocardial perfusion. in Yu, P. N., Goodwin, J. F. ed. Progress in Cardiology 5, p.37, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976.

• 24) Hoffman, J. I. E. :Maximal coronary flow and the concept of coronary vascular reserve. Circulation, 70:153, 1984.

• 25) 中村芳郎:狭心症に対するβ-遮断薬療法の基礎. 臨床医薬, 2:1609, 1986.
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• 26) Scheuer J:Myocardial metabolism in cardiac hypoxia. Am. J. Cardiol., 19:385, 1967.

• 27) Maseri, A. :Pathogenetic mechanisms of angina pectoris:expanding views. Br. Heart. J., 43:648, 1980.
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• 28) Prinzmetal, M., Kennamer. R., Merliss. R., et al:Angina pectoris. 1. A variant form of angina pectoris. Am. J. Med., 27:357, 1959.

• 29) MacAlpine, R. N. :Contribution of dynamic vascular wall thickening to luminal narrowing during coronary constriction. Circulation, 61:296, 1980.

• 30) MacAlpine, R. N. :Relation of coronary arterial spasm to sites of organic stenosis. Am. J. Cardiol., 46:143, 1980.

• 31) WHO Technical Report Series No.231:Arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. WHO Geneva 1962.

• 32) American Heart Association Committee Report:A reporting system on patients evaluated for coronary artery disease. Circulation, 51 (April) news from AHA. 1975.

• 33) ISFC/WHO Task force on standardization on clinical nomenclature:Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Circulation 59:607, 1979.

• 34) Cheng, T. O., Bashour. T., Kelser, G. A. JR, et al:Variant angina of Prinzmetal with normal coronary arteriograms:A variant of the variant. Circulation, 47:476, 1973.
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• 35) Yasue, H., Omote, S., Takizawa, A., et al:Comparison of coronary arteriographic findings during angina pectoris associated with ST segment elevation or depression. Am. J. Cardiol., 47:539, 1981.
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• 36) Yasue, H., Omote, S., Takizawa, A., et al:Circadian variation of exercise capacity in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina:Role of exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm. Circulation, 59:938, 1979.
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• 37) Likoff, W., Segal, B. L., Kasparian, H. :Paradox of normal coronary arteriograms in patients considered to have unmistakable coronary heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 276:1063, 1967.
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• 38) Cohn, P. F. :Silent myocardial ischemia:classification, prevalence, and prognosis. Am. J. Med., 79 (Suppl. 3A) :2, 1985.

• 39) Tennant, R., Wiggers, C. J. :The effect of coronary occlusion on myocardial contraction. Am. J. Physiol., 112:351, 1935.

• 40) Herman, M. V., Heinle, R. A., Klein, M. D. :Localized disorders in myocardial contraction. Asynergy and its role in congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 277:222, 1967.
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• 41) Jacobs, J. J., Feigenbaum, H., Corya, B. C., et al:Detection of left ventricular asynergy by echocardiography. Circulation, 48:263, 1973.
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• 42) 三田村秀雄, 小川聡, 村山晃, 藤井効, 半田俊之介, 中村芳郎:超音波心断層法による心筋梗塞部位診断:心電図所見, 冠動脈病変との対比. J. Cardiography., 11:779, 1981.

• 43) Sugishita, Y., Matsuda. M., Ito, I., Koseki, S. :Evaluation of left ventricular reserve in left ventricular diseases:Noninvasive analysis of its determinants by dynamic exercise echocardiography. Acta Cardiol., 38:103, 1983.
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• 44) Visser, C. A., van Der Wieken, R. L., Kan, G., Lie, K. I., Busemann-Sokele, E., Meltzer, R. S., Durrer, D. :Comparison of two-dimensional echocardiography with radionuclide angiography during dynamic exercise for the detection of coronary artery disease. Am. Heart., J., 106:528, 1983.
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• 45) Mitamura, H., Ogawa, S., Hori. S., Yamazaki, H., Handa, S., Nakamura, Y. :Two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of wall motion abnormalities during handgrip exercise in coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 48:711, 1981.
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• 46) Nakamura. Y., Takahashi, M., Hayashi. J., Mori. H., ogawa, S., Tanabe, Y., Hara, K. :Protection of ischemic myocardium with coenzyme Q10. Cardiovasc. Res., 16:132, 1982.
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• 47) 細川美千代, 小川聡, 藤井効, 戸山雅子, 吉野秀朗, 半田俊之介, 中村芳郎:断層心エコー図による左室壁運動評価法の検討. 呼吸と循環, 32:797, 1984.

• 48) Okada, R. D., Libby, P., Covell, J. W., et al:Exercise radionuclide imaging approach to coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 46:1188, 1980.

• 49) Meizlish. J. L., Berger, H. J., Zaret, B. L., et al:Exercise nuclear imaging for evaluation of coronary artery disease. in Wenger, N. K. ed. Exercise and the heart, P.105 Davis, Philadelphia 1985.

• 50) Jennings, R. B., Hawkins, H. K., Lowe, J. E., et al:Relation between high energy phosphate and lethal injury in myocardial ischemia in the dog. Am. J. Path., 92:187, 1978.
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• 51) De Boer, L. W. V., Ingwall, J. S., Kloner, RA., et al:Prolonged derangements of canine myocardial purine metabolism after a brief coronary artery occlusion not associated with anatomic evidence of necrosis. Proc. Natl. Acad., Sci., USA 77:5471, 1980.

• 52) Braunwald, E., Kloner, R. A. :The stunned myocardium:prolonged, postischemic ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 66:1146, 1982.
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• 53) Shell, W. E., De wood, M. A, Kligerman, M. et al:Early appearance of MB-creatine kinase activity in nontransmural myocardial infarction detected by a sensitive assay for the isozyme. Am. J. Med., 71:254, 1981.
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• 54) Falk, E. :Unstable angina with fatal outcome:Dynamic coronary thrombosis leading to infarction and/or sudden death. Autopsy evidence of recent mural thrombosis with peripheral embolization culminating in total vascular occlusion. Circulation, 71:699, 1985.
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• 55) Vetrovec, G. W., Leinbach, R. C., Gold, H. K., et al:Intracoronary thrombosis in syndromes of unstable myocardial ischemia. Am. Heart J. 105:102, 1981.

• 56) Zack, P. M., Ischinger, T., Aker, U. T., et al:The occurrence of angiographically detected intracoronary thrombus in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Am. Heart J., 108:1408, 1984.
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• 57) Capone, G., Wolf, N. M., Meyer, B., et al:Frequency of intracoronary defects by angiography in angina pectoris at rest. Am. J. Cardiol., 56:403, 1985.
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• 58) Ambrose, J. A., Winter, S. L., Stern, A., et al:Angiographic morphology and the pathogenesis of angina pectoris. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol, 5:609, 1985.

• 59) Forrester, J. S., Litvack, F., Grundfest, W., et al:A perspective of coronary disease seen through the arteries of living man. Circulation, 75:505, 1987.
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• 60) Cipriano, P. R., Guthaner, D. F, Sabom, M. B., et al:Similarities of ergonovine-induced and spontaneous attacks of variant angina. Circulation, 59:307, 1979.

• 61) Curry, R. C., Pepine, C. J., Sabom, M. B., et al:Similarities of ergonovineinduced and spontaneous attacks of variant angina. Circulation, 59:307, 1979.
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• 62) Bertrand, M. E., La Blanche, J. M., Tilmant, P. Y., et al:Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Circulation, 65:1299, 1982.
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• 63) 相澤忠範, 西村健司, 小笠原憲, 他:エルゴノビン負荷試験の臨床的意義. 最新医学, 42:1076, 1987.
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• 64) Hakki, A. H., Kimbiris, D., Iskandrian, A. S., et al:Angina pectoris and coronary artery disease in patients with severe aortic valvular disease. Am. Heart, J., 100:441, 1980.
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• 65) Griggs, D. M., JR, Chen, C. C. :Coronary hemodynamics and regional myocardial metabolism in experimental aortic insufficiency. J. Clin. Invest. 53:1599, 1974.
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• 66) Maron, B. J., Bonow, R. O., Cannon, R. O. III, et al:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New. Engl. J. Med., 316:780, 1987.

• 67) 秋山英明, 山崎元, 中村芳郎:非対称中隔肥厚 (ASH) と冠動脈疾患 (CAD) の合併症の検討. 呼吸と循環, 29:623, 1981.

• 68) 中村芳郎, 小島昌治:僧帽弁逸脱症候群の症候学. 循環器科, 15:641, 1984.

• 69) Kaski, J. C., Crea, F., Nihoyannopoulos, P., et al:Transient myocardial ischemia during daily life in patients with syndrome X. Am. J. cardiol., 58:1242, 1986.
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P.44 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hinkle, L., Meyer, J., Stevens, M., et al:Tape recordings of the ECG of activeman. Circulation, 36:752, 1967.
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• 2) Cohn, P. F. :Asymptomatic coronary artery disease Mod. Concepts Cardiovasc. Dis., 50:55, 1981.
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• 3) Lindsey, H. E., Cohn, P. F. : "Silent" myocardial ischemia during and after exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease. Am. Heart. J., 95:441, 1978.
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• 4) Rozanski, A., Berman, D. S. :Silent myocardial ischemia:Pathophysiology, frequency of occurrence and approaches toward detection. Am. Heart. J., 114:615, 1987.
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• 5) Maseri, A., Parodi, O., Severi, S., et al:Transient transmural reduction of myocardial blood flow, demonstrated by thallium-zol scintigraphy, as a cause of variant angina. Circulation, 54:280, 1976.
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• 6) Deanfield, J. E., Maseri, A., Selwyn, A. P., et al:Myocardial ischemia during daily life in patients with stable angina:its relation to symptoms and heart rate changes. Lancet, II:753, 1983.

• 7) Deanfield, J. E., Shea, M., Kensett, M., et al:Silent myocardial ischemia due to mental stress. Lancet, II:1001, 1984.

• 8) Maseri, A., Mimmo, R, Chierchia, S., et al:Coronary artery spasm as a cause of acute myocardial ischemia in man. Chest, 68:625, 1975.

• 9) Chierchia, S., Lazzari, M., Freeman, S. B., et al:Impairment of myocardial perfusion and function during painless myocardial ischemia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1:924, 1983.

• 10) Gordon, D. J., Elelund, L-G., Karon, J. M., et al:Predicti vevalue of the exercise test for mortality in North American men:The Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-Up Study. Circulation, 74:252, 1986.

• 11) Weiner, D. A., Ryan, T. J., McCabe, C. H., et al:Significance of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 59:725, 1987.
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• 12) Erikssen, J., Taulow, E., Cohn, P. F. :Long term prognosis of fifty totally asymptomatic middle-aged men with silent myocardial ischemia and angiographically documented coronary artery disease (abstract). Circulation, 76 (Suppl. IV) :IV-77, 1987.

• 13) Theroux, P., Waters, D. D., Halphen, C., et al:Prognostic value of exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med., 301:341, 1979.
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• 14) Cecci, A. C., Dovellini, E. V., Marchi, F., et al:Silent myocardial ischemia during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with effort angina. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1:934, 1983.

• 15) Quyyumi, A., Wright, C. M., Mockus, L. J., et al:How important is a history of chest pain in determining the degree of ischemia in patients with angina pectoris? Br. Heart J., 54:22, 1985.
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• 16) Tzivoni, D., Gavish, A., Benhorin, J., et al:Myocardial ischemia during daily activities and stress. Am. J. Cardiol., 58:47B, 1986.
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• 17) Carboni, G. P., Lahiri, A., Cashman, P. M. M., et al:Ambulatory heart rate and ST-segment depression during painful and silent myocardial ischemia in chronic stable angina pectoris. Am. J. Cardiol., 59:1029, 1987.

• 18) Cohn, P. F., Harris, P., Barry, W. H., et al:Prognostic importance of anginal symptoms in angiographically defined coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 47:233, 1981.
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• 19) Gavish, A., Tzivoni, D., Zin, D., et al:Prognostic significance of ischemic episodes on Holter monitoring during daily activities:2-years follow up of 356 patients (abstract). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 9:240A, 1987.

• 20) De Wood, M. A, Razanski, A. :Long term prognosis of patients with and without silent ischemia (abstract). Circulation, 74:11-59, 1986.

• 21) Weiner, D. A., Ryan, T. J., McCabe, C. H., et al:Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and medical therapy in patients with exerciseinduced silent myocardial ischemia:A report from the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) registry. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 12:595, 1988.

• 22) Khvrmi, N. S., Bowles, M. J., O'Hara, M. J., et al:Effect of propranolol on indices of intermittent myocardial ischemia, associated by exercise testing and ambulatory ST-segment monitoring. Clin. Cardiol., 9:391, 1986.

• 23) Cohn, P. F., Brown, E. J., Swinford, R., et al:Effect of beta-blockade on silent regional left ventricular motion abnormalities. Am. J. Cardiol., 57:521, 1986.
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• 24) Quyyumi, A. A., Wright, C., Mockus, L., et al:partial agonist activity in beta-blockers in severe angina. Br. Med. J., 289:951, 1984.

• 25) Chatterjee, K. :Role of nitrates in silent myocardial ischemia. Am. J. Cardiol., 60:18H, 1987.
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• 26) Stone, P. H. :Calcium antagonists for Prinzmetal's variant angina, unstable angina, and silent myocardial ischemia:Therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanism. Am. J. Cardiol., 59:101B, 1987.
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• 27) Shell, W. E., Swan, H. J. C. :Treatment of silent myocardial ischemia with transdermal nitroglycerin added to beta-blockers and alprazolam. Cardiol. Clin., 4:697, 1986.

II. 運動負荷心電図による狭心症の診断

P.63 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Gregg, D. E., et al. :Blood supply to the heart. In:Handbook of physiology, Section 2. Circulation, Vol. II, American Physiological Society, Washington D. C., 1963, p.1517.

• 2) Berne, R. M. :Regulation of coronary blood flow. Physiol. Rev., 44:1, 1964.
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• 3) Sarroff, S. J., et al. :Hemodynamic determinants of oxygen consumption of the heart with special reference to the tension-time index. Am. J. Physiol., 192:148, 1958.

• 4) Braunwald, E., et al. :Hemodynamic determinants of coronary flow；Effect of changes in aortic pressure and cardiac output on the relationship between oxygen consumption and coronary flow. Am. J. Physiol., 192:157, 1958.
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• 5) 杉山理:心筋代謝と虚血. Coronary, 2:33, 1985.

• 6) 外畑巌, 他:運動負荷心電図試験の冠動脈疾患診断能に影響を及ぼす諸因子. 心電図, 2:3, 1982.

• 7) Ascoop, C. A., et al. :Exercise test, history, and serum lipid levels in patients with chest pain and normal electrocardiogram at rest:comparison to findings at coronary arteriography. Am. J. Cardiol., 82:609, 1971.

• 8) Roitman, D., et al. :Comparison of submaximal exercise ECG test with coronary cineangiocardiogram. Ann. Intern. Med., 72:641, 1970.
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• 9) Martin, C. M., et al. :Maximal treadmill exercise electrocardiography:correlations with coronary arteriography and cardiac hemodynamics. Circulation, 46:956, 1972.
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• 10) Rijneke, R. D., et al. :Clinical significance of upsloping ST segments in electrocardiography. Circulation, 61:671, 1980.
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• 11) Bartel, A. G., et al. :Graded exercise stress tests in angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Circulation, 49:348, 1974.
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• 12) Kelemen, M. H., et al. :Diagnosis of obstructive coronary disease by maximal exercise and arterial pacing. Circulation, 48:1227, 1973.

• 13) Chaitman, B. R., et al. :Improved efficiency of treadmill exercise testing using a multiple lead ECG system and basic hemodynamic exercise response. Circulation, 57:71, 1978.
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• 14) Morales-Ballejo, H., et al. :Septal Q wave in exercise testing；angiographic correlation. Am. J. Cardiol., 48:247, 1981.
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• 15) 志貫一仁, 他:多単極胸部誘導法を用いた多段階トレッドミル運動負荷心電図試験による労作狭心症の評価:冠動脈造影所見および運動負荷201Tl心筋シンチグラムとの対比. 名古屋医学, 106:85, 1984.

• 16) Bruce, R. A., et al. :Quantitation of QRS and ST segment response to exercise. Am. Heart, J., 71:455, 1966.
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• 17) Ellestad, M. H., et al. :Predictive implications of stress testings. Follow-up of 2700 subjects after maximal treadmill stress testings. Circulation, 51:363, 1975.

• 18) Van Tellingen, C., et al. :On the clinical value of conventional and new exercise electrocardiographic criteria:a comparative study. Int. J. Caridol., 5:689, 1984.

• 19) Goldschlager, N., et al. :Treadmill exercise test as indicators of the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Ann. Inter. Med., 85:277, 1976.

• 20) Elamin, M. S., et al. Prediction of severity of coronary artery disease using slope of submaximal ST-segment/heart rate relationship.Cardiovasc. Res., 14:681, 1980.
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• 21) Kardash, M., et al. :Detection of severity of coronary artery disease by the ST-segment/heart rate relationship in patients on beta-blocker therapy. Cardiovasc. Res., 16:508, 1982.
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• 22) Silverton, N. P., et al. :Use of the exercise maximal ST-segment/heart rate slope in assessing the results of coronary angioplasty. Br. Heart. J., 51:379, 1984.
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• 23) Kardash, M. M., et al. :Assessment of aortocoronary bypass grafting using exercise ST-segment/heart rate relation. Br. Heart. J., 51:386, 1984.
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• 24) Elamin, M. S., et al. :Accurate detection of coronary heart disease by new exercise test. Br. Heart. J., 48:311, 1982.
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• 25) Okin, P. M., et al. :Improved accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram:identification of three-vessel coronary disease in stable angina pectoris by analysis of peak rate-related changes in ST-segment. Am. J. Cardiol., 55:271, 1985.

• 26) Quyyumi, A. A, et al. :Inability of the ST-segment/heart rate slope to predict accurately the severity of coronary artery disease. Br. Heart. J., 51:395, 1984.
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• 27) Balcon, R., et al. :Correlation of heart rate/ST-slope and coronary angiographic findings. Br. Heart. J., 52:304, 1984.
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• 28) Detrano, R., et al. :Exercise electrocardiographic variables:A clinical appraisal. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 8:836, 1986.

• 29) 渡辺信, 他:心拍数補正ST下降値による冠動脈疾患重症度評価. 第5回日本心電図学会学術集会抄録集, p.569, 1988.

• 30) Bononis, P. E., et al. :Evaluation of R wave amplitude changes versus ST-segment depression in stress testing. Circulation, 57:904, 1978.

• 31) Baron, D. W., et al. :R-wave amplitude during exercise. Relation to left ventricular function and coronary disease. Br. Heart. J., 44:512, 1980.
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• 32) Berman, J. A., et al. :Improving diagnostic accuracy of the exercise test by combining R-wave changes with duration of ST-segment depression in a simplified index. Am. Heart. J., 105:60, 1983.

• 33) Greenberg, P. S., et al. :Predictive accuracy of Q-X/Q-T ratio, Q-Tc interval, ST-depression and R-wave amplitude during stress testing. Am. J. Cardiol., 44:18, 1979.

• 34) De Caprio, L., et al. :Influence of heart rate on exercise-induced R-wave amplitude changes in coronary patients and normal subjects. Am. Heart. J., 107:61, 1984.
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• 35) Yiannikas, J., et al. :Analysis of exercise-induced changes in R-wave amplitude in asymptomatic men with electrocrdiographic ST-T changes atrest. Am. J. Cardiol., 47:238, 1981.

• 36) Hopkirk, J. A. C., et al. :Limitation of exercise-induced R wave amplitude changes in detecting coronary artery disease in asymptomatic men. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 3:821, 1984.

• 37) Fox, K., et al. :Inability of exercise-induced R wave changes to predict coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 49:674, 1982.
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• 38) Deanfield, J. E., et al. :Factors influencing R wave amplitude in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Br. Heart. J., 49:8, 1983.
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• 39) Myers, J., et al. :Spatial R wave amplitude changes during exercise:relation with left ventricular ischemia and function. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 6:603, 1985.
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• 40) Hakki, A. H., et al. :R-wave amplitude:a new determination of failure of patients with coronary heart disease to manifest ST-segment depression during exercise. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 3:1155, 1984.
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• 41) Hollenberg, M., et al. :Influence of R-wave amplitude on exercise-induced ST depression；need for a "gain factor" correction when interpreting stress electrocardiograms. Am. J. Cardiol., 56:13, 1985.
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• 42) Famularo, M. A., et al. :Identification of septal ischemia during exercise by Q-wave analysis:correlation with coronary angiography. Am. J. Cardiol., 51:440, 1983.
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• 43) O'Hara, M. J., et al. :Q wave changes during exercise:a valuable predictor of coronary artery disease (abstr). Br. Heart J., 49:238, 1983.

• 44) Furuse, T., et al. :Usefulness of Q-wave response to exercise as a predictor of coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 59:57, 1987.
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• 45) Gerson, M. C., et al. :Exercise-induced U-wave inversion as a marker of stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Circulation, 60:1014, 1979.
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• 46) 都築雅人, 他:労作狭心症における運動誘発U波陰転の臨床的意義:冠動脈造影所見との対比. 心臓, 15:186, 1983.

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• 50) Fucks, R. M., et al. :Electrocardiographic localization of coronary artery narrowings:studies during myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients with one-vessel disease. Circulation, 66:1168, 1982.

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• 52) 斎藤二三夫, 他:多単極胸部誘導運動試験による冠動脈病変部位の推定-R波補正最大ST下降部位の検討-. 第51回日本循環器病学会総会抄録集, p.366, 1987.

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• 54) Yasue, H., et al. :Circadian variation of exercise capacity in patients with Prinzmetal’s variant angina:Role of exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm. Circulation, 59:938, 1979.

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• 56) Boden, W. E., et al. :Exercise-induced coronary spasm with ST-segment depression and normal coronary arteriography. Am. J. Cardiol., 48:193, 1981.
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• 57) Longhurst, J., et al. :Exercise-induced ST elevation in patients without myocardial infarction. Circulation, 60:616, 1979.
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• 63) MacAlpin, R. N., et al, :Angina pectoris at rest with preservation of exercise capacity. Prinzmetal’s variant angina. Circulation, 47:946, 1973.

• 64) Detry, J. M. R., et al. :Maximal exercise testing in patients with spontaneous angina pectoris associated with transient ST segment elevation. Risks and electrocardiographic findings. Br. Heart. J., 37:897, 1975.
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• 66) Oliva, P. B., et al. :Coronary artery spasm in Prinzmetal angina:documentation by coronary arteriography. N. Engl. J. Med., 288:745, 1973.

III. 狭心症治療の概要

P.108 掲載の参考文献

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• 2) 半田俊之介:心臓病, 狭心症と心筋梗塞, 突然死を防ぐ本. 主婦と生活社, 1987, 東京

• 2) Bourassa, M. G., Alderman, E. L., Bertrand, M. et al:Report of the joint ISFC/WHO task force on coronary angioplasty. Circulation, 78:780, 1988
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• 3) Hombach, V., Borberg, H., Gadzkowski, A. et al:Regression der Koronarsklerose bei familiaerer Hypercholesterinaemie lla durch spezifische LDL-Apherese. Deutsche Med. Wochenschr., 8:1787, 1986

• 3) 瀬在幸安, 中村和夫:わが国における冠動脈外科手術の推移. 臨床胸部外科, 6:136, 1986

• 3) Wainai, Y., Handa, S., Iwanaga, S. et al:Coronary flow reserve measured with Doppler catheter in successful angioplasty. Circulation, 78:suppl. II-256, 1988

• 3) 半田俊之介, 大西祥平:冠血栓溶解療法と冠動脈形成術, 救急医学, 12:303, 1988

• 4) 和田寿郎, 中島秀嗣:本邦胸部心臓大血管手術症例数の現況59年度. 日胸外会誌, 35:918, 1987

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• 4) Gruentzig, A. R., Senning, A., Siegenthaler, W. E. :Nonoperative dilation of coronary artery stenosis. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. NEJM., 301:61, 1979

• 5) Detre, K., Lolubtov, R., Kelsy, S. et al:Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 1985-1986 and 1977-1981. The National Heart Lung Blood Institute Registry. NEJM., 318:265, 1988

• 5) AHA Committee Report:Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Circulation, 59:607, 1979

• 5) Campeau, L., Lesperance, J. Bourassa, M. G. Natural history of saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass graft. Modern Concepts Cardiovasc. Dis., 53:59, 1984

• 6) Loop, F. D., Lytle, B. W., Cosgrove, D. M. et al:Influence of the internalmammary artery graft on 10 years survival and other cardiac events. NEJM., 314:1, 1986

• 6) Quyyumi, A. A., Wright, C. M., Mockus, I. J. et al:How important in a history of chest pain in determining the degree of ischemia in patients with angina pectoris? Brit. Heart J., 54:22, 1985

• 6) Ryan, T. J., Faxon, D. P., Gunner, R. M. et al:Guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation, 78:486, 1988

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• 7) Singh, B. N., Nademance, K., Figueras, J. et al:Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic correlates of symptomatic and silent myocardial ischemia. Pathophysiologic and therapeutic implication；AJC, 58:3B, 1986

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• 8) Myers, W. O., Davis, K., Foster, E. D. et al:Surgical survival in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 40:245, 1985
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• 8) Cohn, P. F., Kannel, W. B. :Recognition, pathogenesis and management options in silent coronary artery disease. Circulation, 75 suppl. :11-54, 1987

• 9) Takaro, T., Hultgren, H. N., Lipton, M. J. et al:The VA. cooperative randomized study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease 11. Subgroup with significant left main lesions. Circulation, 54 Suppl. :III-107, 1976

• 9) Kannel, B. W., Feinlieb, M. :Natural history of angina pectoris in the Framingham study. Progress and survival；AJC., 29:154, 1972

• 10) The Veterans Administration Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, Cooperative Study Group:Eleven-years survival in the veterans administration randomaized trial of coronary bypass surgery for stable angina. NEJM., 311:1333, 1984

• 10) Reeves, T. J., Oberman, A., Jones, W. B. et al:Natural history of angina pectoris；AJC, 33:423, 1974

• 11) Varnauskas, E., The European Coronary Surgery Study Group:Survival myocardial infarction, and employment status in a prospective randomized study of coronary bypass surgery. Circulation, 72 suppl. :V-90, 1985

• 11) Califf, R. M., Tomabechi, Y., Lee, K. L. et al:Outcome in one-vessel coronary artery disease. Circulation, 67:283, 1983
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• 12) Killip, T., Passamani, E., Davis, K. et al:Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). A randomized trial of coronary bypass surgery, Eight years follow up and survival in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Circulation, 72 suppl. :V-102, 1985

• 12) Burgraf, G. W., Parker, J. O. :Prognosis in coronary artery disease-angiographic hemodynamic and clinical factors. Circulation, 51:146, 1975

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• 13) Ryan, T. J., Weiner, D. A., McCabe, C. H. et al:Exercise testing in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study Rendomized Population. Circulation, 72 suppl. V-31,

• 14) Kaiser, G. C, Davis, K. B., Fisher, L. D. et al:Survival following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe angina pectoris (CASS). J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 89:513, 1985

• 14) Conti, C. R., Selby, J. H., Christie, L. G. :Left main coronary artery stenosis. Clinical spectrum, pathophysiology and management
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• 15) Talano, J., Scanlon, P., Meadows, W. et al:Influence of surgery on survival in 145 patients with left main coronary artery disease. Circulation, 51-52 suppl. :I-105, 1975

• 15) 細田泰之, 弘岡泰正:ACバイパスから日米の虚血性心疾患の比較. 呼と循, 35:1221, 1987

• 16) Demots, H., Boncheck, L., Roesch, J. et al:Left main coronary artery disease. AJC., 36:136, 1975

• 17) 秋山英明, 半田俊之介, 藤井効ほか:冠動脈疾患における側副血行の役割. 心臓, 16:259, 1984

• 18) 半田俊之介:心疾患のリハビリテーション；標準リハビリテーション医学, 上田敏ほか編. 医学書院, 308pp, 1986

• 19) Murrell, W. :Nitroglycerin as a remedy for angina pectoris. Lancet, 1:80, 113, 225, 284, 642-646, 1879

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• 22) Stewart, D.J., Elsner, D., Sommer, O. et al:Altered spectrum of nitroglycerin action in long-term treatment nitroglycerin-specific venous tolerance with maintenance of arterial vasodepressor potency. Circulation, 74:573, 1986
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• 23) Yamada, Y., Handa, S., et al:The diameter of coronary artery in coronary artery disease. Asian-Pacific Congress of Cardiology, Auckland, New Zealand, 1986

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• 32) 半田俊之介, 大西祥平:冠血栓溶解療法と冠動脈形成術. 救急医学, 12:303, 1988

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• 34) Van Harten, J., Burggraaf, K., Danhof, M., et al:Negligible sublingual absorption of Nifedipine. Lancet, Dec 12, 1363, 1987

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• 37) Cairns, J. A, Gent, M., Singer, J. et al:Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina. Results of Canadian multi-center trial. NEJM., 313:1369, 1985
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IV. 狭心症治療におけるβ遮断薬

P.129 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Yasue, H., Omote, S., Takizawa, A., et al:Coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis. Circ. Res., 52 (I) :147, 1983.

• 2) 草間芳樹, 他:硝酸薬, カルシウム拮抗薬, β遮断薬. Medicina, 23:1510, 1986.

• 3) Guazzi, M., et al:Treatment of spontaneous angina pectoris with betablocking agent. A clinical electrocardiographic and hemodynamic appraisal. Br. Heart J., 37:1235, 1975.
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• 4) Roussel, R. O., et al:Unstable angina pectoris:National Cooperative Study group to compare surgical and medical therapy. III Results in patients with ST segment elevation during pain. Am. J. Cardiol., 45:819, 1980.

• 5) 中村芳郎:狭心症に対するβ遮断薬療法の基礎. 臨床医薬, 2:1609, 1986.

• 6) Scriba, P. C., et al:Dtsch. Med. Wschr, 11:35, 1986.

• 7) Tomoike, H., Franklin, D. and Ross, J. :Detection of myocardial ischemia by regional dysfunction during and after rapid pacing in conscious dogs. Circulation 58:48, 1978.
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• 8) 田村康二, 他:塩酸ブプラノロール (ルーサー) の狭心症に対する治療効果について. 診療と新薬15:1737, 1978.

• 9) Rubio, R., Berne, R. :Regulation of coronary blood flow. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 18:105, 1975.
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• 10) Gagnon, R. M., et al:Hemodynamic and coronary effects of intravenous labetalol in coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 49:1267, 1982.
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• 11) Jee, L. D. and Opie, L. H. :Double-blind trial comparing labetalol with atenolol in the treatment of systemic hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol., 56:551, 1985.
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• 12) Lubbe, W. E. and White, D. A. :Labetalol in hypertensive patients with angina pectoris in beneficial effect of combined alpha-and betaadrenoceptor blockade. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 55:283, 1978.

• 13) Frishman, W. H., et al:Labetalol therapy in patients with systemic hypertension and angina. Effects of combined alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade. Am. J. Cardiol., 48:917, 1981.
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• 14) 吉利和, 金沢知博, 他:Arotinolol (S-596) の狭心症に対する臨床効果. 二重盲検法によるPropranololとの比較. Clin. Eval., 11:591, 1983.

• 15) 上田英雄, 加藤和三, 他:.新しいタイプの抗狭心症薬Nipradilol (K-351) の臨床効果. 多施設によるオープン試験成績. Ther. Res., 4:763, 1986
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• 16) Hjalmarson, A., et al:Effect on mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet, oct 17:823, 1981.

• 17) Chada, K., et al:Effect of propranolol after acute myocardial infarction in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation, 73:503, 1986.

• 18) Harrison, D. C., et al:Effect of beta adrenergic blockade on the circulation, with particular reference to observation in patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Circulation, 29:84, 1964.
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• 19) Flamm, M. D., et al:Muscular subaortic stenosis；Prevention of outflow obstruction with propranolol. Circulation. 38:846, 1968.
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• 20) 土井内純治:肥大型心筋症の病態生理におよぼすCa拮抗薬とβ遮断薬の影響に関する臨床的研究. 日臨生理会誌, 18:125, 1988.

• 21) Ebihara, A., et al:Clinical pharmacology of a new β-adrenoceptor blocking drug, befunolol. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 23:189, 1982.

• 22) Lager, I., et al:Effect of cardioselective and non-selective β-blockade on the hypoglycaemic response in insulin-dependent diabetics. Lancet I:458, 1979.

• 23) Pedersen, O. L., et al:Abrupt withdrawal of betablocking agents in patients with arterial hypertension effect on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 15:215, 1979.

V. 運動負荷心電図によるβ遮断薬の抗狭心症効果の判定

P.137 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Simonson, E. :Evaluation of cardiac performance in exercise. Am. J. Cardiol., 30:722, 1972.
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• 2) Sotobata. I., Shino, T., Kondo. T., Tsuzuki, J. :Work intensities of different modes of exercise testings in clinical use. Jpn. Circulation. J., 43:161, 1979.

• 3) Goldbarg, A. N., Moran, J. F., Childers. R. W., Ricketts, H. T. :Results and correlations of multistage exercise tests in a group of clinically healthy business executives. Am. Heart. J., 79:194, 1970.

• 4) Macho, P., Hintze, T. H., Vatner, S. F. :Regulation of large coronary arteries by increases in myocardial metabolic demands in conscious dogs. Circ. Res., 49:594, 1981.
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• 5) Schang, S. J., Pepine, C. J. :Effects of propranolol on coronary hemodynamic and metabolic responses to tachycardia stress in patients with and without coronary disease. Cath. Cardiovasc. Diag., 3:22, 1977.

VI. β遮断薬の狭心症への使用例

P.144 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Jackson, G., Schwartz, J., Kates, R. E., et al:Atenolol:One-daily cardioselective beta blockade for angina pectoris. Circulation, 61:555, 1980.

• 2) The Norwegian Nifedipine Group:Nifedipine in acute myocardial infarction (abstract). Circulation, 68:III-22, 1983.

• 3) Muller, H. S., J. E., Morrison, J., Stone, P., et al:Nifedipine therapy for patients with threatened and acute myocardial infarction:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison. Circulation, 69:740, 1984.

• 4) Johnston, D. L., Lesoway, R., Humen, D. P., et al:Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of propranolol in combination with verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem in exertional angina pectoris:a placebocontrolled, double-blind, randomized, crossoverstudy. Am. J. Cardiol., 55:680, 1985.

• 5) Winniford, M. D., Fulton, K. L., Corbett, J. R., et al:Propranololverapamil versus propranolol-nifedipine in severe angina pectoris of effort:a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Am. J. Cardiol., 55:281, 1985.
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• 6) Multicenter International Study:Reduction in mortality after myocardial infarction with long-term beta adrenoceptor blockade. Br. Med. J., 2:419, 1977.

• 7) Yusuf, S., Peto, R., Lewis, J., et al:Beta blockade during andafter myocardial infarction:An overview of the randomized trials. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 27:335, 1985.

P.150 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Waagstein, F., Hjalmarson, A. C. :Double blind study of the effect ofcardioselective beta-blockade on chest pain in acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med. Scand., 587:Suppl. 201, 1975.

• 2) Gold, H. K., Leinbach, R. C., Maroko, P. R. :Propranolol-induced reduction of sign of ischemic injury during acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol., 38:689, 1976.

• 3) Yusuf, S., Peto, R., Lewis, J., et al:Beta-blockade during and after myocardial infarction:An overview of the randomized trials. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 27:335, 1985.
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• 4) Fishl, S. J., Herman, M. V., Gorlin, R. :The intermediate coronary syndrome. New Engl. J. Med., 288:1193, 1973.