書籍詳細

第1章 定義・病態・病理

P.17 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kovacs G et al : Pulmonary arterial pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects : a systematic review. Eur Respir J 34 : 888-894, 2009.
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• 2) Rubin L J : Diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension : ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 126 (1 Suppl) : 7S-10S, 2004.

• 3) Badesch D B, et al : Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 54 (1 Suppl) : S55-66, 2009.

• 4) Hoeper M M, et al : Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D42-D50, 2013.
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• 5) Simonneau G, et al : Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 (25 Suppl) : D34-41, 2013.

• 6) Azarian R, et al : Lung perfusion scans and hemodynamics in acute and chronic pulmonary embolism. J Nucl Med 38 : 980-983, 1997.
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• 7) Bae S, et al : Baseline characteristics and follow-up in patients with normal haemodynamics versus borderline mean pulmonary arterial pressure in systemic sclerosis : results from the PHAROS registry. Ann Rheum Dis 71 : 1335-1342, 2012.
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P.22 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Stuart R, et al : Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Ann Intern Med 107 : 216-223, 1987.

• 2) Fishman A P, et al : Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor pulmonale, In : Fishman's pulmonary diseases and disorders, Fourth Edition (Fishman AP), p1359-1483. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., China 2008.

• 3) Galie N, et al : Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 30 : 2493-2573, 2009.
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• 4) Peacock A J, et al : Clinical assessment of pulmonary hypertension : diagnosis and management. In : Pulmonary Circulation : Diseases and their treatment, third edition (Peacock A J), p81-99. Hodder Arnold, UK, 2011.

• 5) Soto-Perez-de-Celis E, et al : Jose Manual Rivero-Carvalo and the Tricuspid Valve. Clin Cardiol 34 : E9-E11, 2011.

• 6) Fraser A G, et al : The Graham Steel murmur : eponymous serendipity? J R Coll Physicians Lond 25 : 66「70, 1991.

• 7) Robert A, et al : 心血管系の診察法. ハリソン内科学第2版 (福井次矢,他監), p1360-1366. メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル, 東京, 2006

• 8) 佐藤徹 : 肺高血圧症の診察法. 肺高血圧症診療マニュアル (伊藤浩, 他), p27-30. 南江堂, 東京, 2012,

P.29 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Primary Pulmonary Hypertension : Report on a WHO Meeting (Hatano S, et al, eds). World Health Organization, Geneva, pp40-42, 1975.

• 2) 中西宣文 : 肺高血圧症の臨床分類. 肺高血圧症の臨床 (中西宣文編). pp19-28. 医薬ジャーナル社, 大阪市, 2013.

• 3) Simmonneau G, et al : Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (Suppl) : 5S-12S, 2004.

• 4) Simmonneau G, et al : Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 54 : S43-54, 2009,

• 5) Task Force fbr Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of European Society of Cardiology (ESC), et al : Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Euro Respir J 34 : 1219-1263, 2009.

• 6) Simonneau G, et al : Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 (25 Suppl) : D34-41, 2013.

• 7) Humbert M, et al : Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis : clinical characteristics at diagnosis and long-term survival. Arthriris Rheum 63 : 3522-3530, 2011.

• 8) Valerio C J, et al : Borderline mean pulmonary artery pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis : transpulmonary gradient predicts risk of developing Pulmonary hypertension. Arthritis Rheum 65 : 1074-1084, 2013.
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• 9) Sitbon O, et al : Prevalence of HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension in the current antiretroviral therapy era. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177 : 108-113, 2008.
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• 10) Hadengue A, et al : Pulmonary hypertension compiicating Portal hypertension : Prevalence and relation to splanchnic hemodynamics. Gastroenterology 100 : 520-528, 1991.
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• 11) Duffels M G, et al : Pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease : an epidemiologic perspective from a dutch registry. Int J Cardiol 120 : 198-204, 2007,
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• 12) Friedman W F : Proceedings of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute pediatric cardiology workshop : pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr res 20 : 811-824, 1986.
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• 13) Montani D, et al : Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease : recent progress and current challenges. Respir Med 104 : S23-S32, 2010.
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• 14) Seeger W, et al : Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D109-116, 2013.
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• 15) Andreassen A K, et al : Balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Heart 99 : 1415-1420, 2013.
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P.40 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Heath D, et al : The pathology of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. A description of six grades of structural changes in the pulmonary arteries with special references to congenital cardiac septal defects. Circulation 18 (4 Part 1) : 533-547, 1958.

• 2) Wagenvoort C A, et al : Pathology of pulmonary hypertension (Wagenvoort C A et al, eds). p69-75 (a), p185-195 (b), p143-176 (c). John Wiley&Sons, New York, 1977.

• 3) Guidelines for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension (JCS2006), Circulation J 71 (Suppl) : IV, 2007.

• 4) Simonneau G, et al : Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 (25 Suppl) : D34-41, 2013.

• 5) Todorovich-Hunter L, et al : Altered elastin and collagen sythesis associated with progressive pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline : abiochemical and ultrastructural study. Lab invest 58 (2) : 184-195, 1988.

• 6) Dorfmuller P, et al : Fibrous remodeling of the pulmonary venous system in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue diseases. Hum Pathol 38 (6) : 893-902, 2007.
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• 7) Klein-Weigel P, et al : Systemic sclerosis-a systematic overview : part 1-disease characteristics and classification, pathophysiologic concepts, and recommendations for diagnosis and surveillance. Vasa 40 (1) : 6-19, 2011.
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• 8) Launay D, et al : Survival in systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern management era. Ann Rheum Dis 72 (12) : 1940-1946, 2013.
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• 9) Proudman S M, et al : Pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis : the need for early detection and treatment. Intern Med J 37 (7) : 485-494, 2007.
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• 10) Yamaki S, et al : Progressive pulmonary vascular disease after surgery in a case of patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension. Tohoku J Exp Med 140 (3) : 279-288, 1983.

• 11) Montani D, et al : Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Eur Respir J 33 (1) : 189-200, 2009.
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• 12) Lantuejoul S, et al : Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis-a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 30 (7) : 850-857, 2006.
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• 13) 植田初江 : PVODの病理. 特集 Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease to date. 日胸臨 73 (3) : 289-299, 2014,

• 14) Blauwet L A, et al : Surgical pathology of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy : a study of 54 cases from 1990 to 2001. Hum Pathol 34 (12) : 1290-1298, 2003.
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• 15) Bernard J, et al : Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy : a clinicopathologic study of 200 consecutive pulmonary thromboendarterectomy cases in one institution. Hum Pathol 38 (6) : 871-877, 2007.
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• 16) Hosokawa K, et al : Histopathological multiple recanalized lesion is critical element of outcome after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Int Heart J 52 (6) : 377-381, 2011.
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• 17) Pietra G G, et al : Pathologic assessment of vasculopathies in pulmonary hypertension, J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (12 Suppl S) : 25S-32S, 2004.

第2章 診断

P.47 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hoeper M M, et al : Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. J Arn Coll Cardiol 62 : D42-50, 2013.

• 2) Benza R L, et al : Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension : insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL). Circulation 122 : 164-172, 2010.
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• 3) Humbert M, et al : Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France : res ults from a national registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173 : 1023-1030, 2006.

• 4) Avouac J, et al : Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis in European Caucasians and metaanalysis of 5 studies. J Rheumatol 37 : 2290-2298, 2010.
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• 5) Krowka M J, et al : Portopulmonary hypertension : Results from a 10-year screening algorithm. Hepatology 44 : 1502-1510, 2006.
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• 6) Duffels M G, et al : Pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease : an epidemiologic perspective from a Dutch registry. Int J Cardiol 120 : 198-204, 2007.
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• 7) Vachiery J L, et al : Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D100-108, 2013.
  pubmed

• 8) Seeger W, et al : Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D109-116. 2013.
  pubmed

• 9) Simonneau G, et al : Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D34-41, 2013.
  pubmed

P.54 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Warwick G, et al : Biomarkers in pulmonary hypertension. Eur respire J 32 : 503-512, 2008.

• 2) Gupta H, et al : The value of tools to assess pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur respire Rev 20 : 222-235, 2011.

• 3) Maisel A S, et al : Japanese-Western consensus meeting on biomarkers. Int Heart J 52 : 253-265, 2011.
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• 4) McLaughlin V V, et al : treatment goals of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D73-81, 2013.
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• 5) Nagaya N, et al : Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 102 : 865-870, 2000.
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• 6) Fijalkowska A, et al : Serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic parameter in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Chest 129 : 1313-1321, 2006.
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• 7) Park M H, et al : Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide as a predictor of treatment outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Congest Heart Fail 10 : 221-225, 2004.
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• 8) Nagaya N, et al : Prostacyclin therapy before pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Chest 123 : 338-343, 2003.
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• 9) Williams M H, et al : Role of n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (n-tprobnp) in scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 27 : 1485-1494, 2006.

• 10) Giaid A, et al : Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 328 : 1732-1739, 1993,
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• 11) Rubens C, et al : Big endothelin-1 and endothelin-1 plasma levels are correlated with the severity of primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 120 : 1562-1569, 2001.
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• 12) Wilkens H, et al : influence of inhaled iloprost on transpulmonary gradient of big endothelin in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 107 : 1509-1513, 2003.
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• 13) Nagaya N, et al : Serum uric acid levels correlate with the severity and the mortality of primary Pulrnonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160 : 487-492, 1999.
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• 14) Hoeper M M. et al : Hyperuricaemia in patients with right or left heart failure. Eur respire J 13 : 682-685, 1999.
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• 15) Antman E M : Decision making with cardiac troponin tests. N Engl J Med 346 : 2079-2082, 2002.
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• 16) Torbicki A, et al : Detectable serum cardiac troponin T as a marker of poor prognosis among patients with chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 108 : 844-848, 2003.
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• 17) Cooke J P, et al : A novel mechanism for pulmonary arterial hypertension? Circulation 108 : 1420-1421, 2003.
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• 18) Kielstein J T, et al : Asymmetrical dimethylarginine in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 : 1414-1418, 2005.
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• 19) Skoro-Sajer N, et al : Asymmetric dimethylarginine is increased in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 176 : 1154-1160, 2007,
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• 20) Kumpers P, et al : Circulating angiopoietins in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 31 : 2291-2300, 2010.
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P.63 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Lang R M, et al : Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults : An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28 (1) 11-39, 2015.

• 2) Vonk-Noordegraaf A, et al : Right heart adaptation to pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D22-D23, 2013,
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• 3) Forfia P R, et al : Tricuspid annular displacement predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174 : 1034-1041, 2006.
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P.73 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Jenkins D, et al : State-of-the-art chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension diagnosis and management. Eur Respir Rev 21 : 32-39, 2012.
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• 2) Pepke-Zaba J : Diagnostic testing to guide the management of chronlc thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension : state of the art. Eur Respir Rev 19 : 55-58, 2010.

• 3) Castaner E, et al : CT diagnosis of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Radiographics 29 : 31-50, 2009.
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• 4) Frazier AA, et al : From the archives of the AFIP : pulmonary vasculature : hypertension and infarction. Radiographics 20 : 491-524, 2000.
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• 5) Tan R T, et al : Utility of CT scan evaluation for predicting Pulmonary hypertension in patients with parenchymal lung disease. Medical College of Wisconsin Lung Transplant Group. Chest 113 1250-1256, 1998.

• 6) Ng CS, et al : ACT sign of chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension : the ratio of main pulmonary artery to aortic diameter. J Thorac Imaging 14 : 270-278, 1999.

• 7) King M A, et al : Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension : CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 170 : 955-960, 1998.
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• 8) Remy-Jardin M, et al : Systemic collateral supply in patients with chronic thromboembolic and primary pulmonary hypertension : assessment with multi-detector row helical CT angiography. Radiology 235 : 274-281, 2005.
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• 9) Hasegawa I, et al : Bronchial artery dilatation on MDCT scans of patients with acute pulmonary embolism : comparison with chronic or recurrent pulmonary embolism. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182 : 67-72, 2004.
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• 10) Auger W R, et al : Chronic major-vessel thromboembolic pulmonary artery obstruction : appearance at angiography. Radiology 182 : 393-398, 1992.
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• 11) Wittram C, et al : Acute and chronic pulmonary emboli : angiography-CT correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 186 : S421-429, 2006.
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• 12) Bergin C J, et al : Chronic thromboembolism : diagnosis with helical CT and MR imaging with angiographic and surgical correlation. Radiology 204 : 695-702, 1997.

• 13) Korn D, et al : Pulmonary arterial bands and webs : an unrecognized manifestation of organized pulmonary emboh. Am J Pathol 40 : 129-151, 1962.
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• 14) Moser K M, et al : Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension : clinical picture and surgical treatment. Eur Respir J 5 : 334-342, 1992.
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• 15) Sherrick A D, et al : Mosaic pattern of lung attenuation on CT scans : frequency among Patients with pulmonary artery hypertension of different causes. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169 : 79-82, 1997.

• 16) Tardivon A A, et al : Role of CT in chronic pulmonary embolism : comparison with pulmonary angiography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17 : 345-351, 1993.
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• 17) Chitwood W R, et al : Surgical management of chronic pulmonary embolism. Ann Surg 201 : 11-26, 1985.
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• 18) Fukui S, et al : Right ventricular reverse remodelling after balloon pulmonary angioplasty. Eur Respir J 43 : 1394-1402, 2014.
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P.80 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hoeper M M, et al : Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 (25Suppl) : D42-50, 2013.

• 2) 伊藤浩,他 : 肺高血圧症診療マニュアル-根治を目指す最新の治療指針. p55-57. 南江堂, 東京, 2012.

• 3) Er F et al : Accuracy of Doppler-echocardiographic mean pulmonary artery pressure for diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 5 : e15670, 2010.
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• 4) 高梨賀江 : これから始める心臓カテーテル検査 (矢嶋純二編). p164-179. メジカルビュー, 東京, 2013.

• 5) Benza R L, et al : Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension : insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL). Circulation 122 : 164-172, 2010.
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P.89 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Swiston J R, et al : Factors that prognosticate mortality in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension : A systematic review of the literature, Respir Med 104 (11) : 1588-1607, 2010.
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• 2) 中西宣文,他 : 肺高血圧症治療ガイドライン (2012年改訂版). 2012. <http://www.j-circor.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2012_nakanishi_h.pdf>

• 3) Sasayama S, et al : New Aspects in the Treatment of Failing Heart, Springer-Verlag, 1992より改変

• 4) Galie N et al : Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension : The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). European heart J 30 (20) : 2493-2537, 2009.

• 5) McGoon M D, et al : REVEAL : a contemporary US pulmonary arterial hypertension registry. Eur Respir Rev 21 (123) : 8-18, 2012.
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• 6) 巽浩一郎,他 : 呼吸不全に関する調査研究 平成26年度 総括・分担研究報告書 2015.

P.97 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Deng Z, et al : Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. Am J Hum Genet 67 : 737-744, 2000.
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• 2) Lane K B, et al : Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension. The International PPH Consortium. Nat Genet 26 : 81-84, 2000.
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• 3) Harrison R E, et al : Molecular and functional analysis identifies ALK-l as the predominant cause of pulmonary hypertension related to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Med Genet 40 : 865-871, 2003.

• 4) Chaouat A, et al : Endoglin germline mutation in a patient with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and dexfenfluramine associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 59 : 446-448, 2004.

• 5) Shintani M, et al : A new nonsense mutation of SMAD8 associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Med Genet 46 : 331-337, 2009.
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• 6) Ma L, et al : A novel channelopathy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 369 : 351-361, 2013.

• 7) Austin E D, et al : Whole exome sequencing to identify a novel gene (caveolin-1) associated with human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 5 : 336-343, 2012.
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• 8) Morisaki H, et al : BMPR2 mutations found in Japanese patients with familial and sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension. Hum Mutat 23 : 632, 2004.
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• 9) Soubrier F, et al : Genetics and genomics of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D13-21, 2013.
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• 10) Morse J H, et al : Mapping of familial primary pulmonary hypertension locus (PPH1) to chromosome 2q31-q32. Circulation 95 : 2603-2606, 1997.
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• 11) Nichols W C, et al : Localization of the gene for familial primary pulmonary hypertension to chromosome 2q31-32. Nat Genet 15 : 277-280, 1997.
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• 12) Thomson J R, et al : Sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with germline mutations of the gene encoding BMPR-II, a receptor member of the TGF-beta family. J Med Genet 37 : 741-745, 2000.

• 13) Loyd J E, et al : Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. In : GeneReviews (R). (Pagon R A, et al, eds) University of Washington, Seattle University of Washington, Seattle, 1993.

• 14) McAllister K A, et al : Endoglin, a TGF-beta binding protein of endothelial cells, is the gene for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. Nat Genet 8 : 345-351, 1994.
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• 15) Zhao Y Y, et al : Defects in caveolin-1 cause dilated cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension in knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 : 11375-11380, 2002.
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• 16) Larkin E K, et al : Longitudinal analysis casts doubt on the presence of genetic anticipation in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186 : 892-896, 2012.
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• 17) Germain M, et al : Genome-wide association analysis identifies a susceptibility locus for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Genet 45 : 518-521, 2013.
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P.99 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Heath D, et al : Circulation 18 (4 part 1) : 533-547. 1958.

• 2) EULER U S, et al : Acta Physiol Scand 12 : 301-320. 1946.

• 3) Mecham R P. et al : Scicnce 237 (4813) : 423-426, 1987.

• 4) Frid M G, et al : Circ Res 90 (11) : 1189-1196, 2002.
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• 5) Norbert F, et al : Chest 114 (3_Supplement) : 225S, 1998.

• 6) Jihong Q u, et al : Circ Res 89 : e8, 2001.

• 7) Kasahara Y, et al : Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163 (3 Pt 1) : 737, 2001.

第3章 治療

P.106 掲載の参考文献

• 1) McLaughlin V V, et al : Prognosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension : The Power of Clinical Registries of Rare Diseases. Circulation 122 : 106-108, 2010.
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• 2) 国枝武義 : 肺高血圧症の概念, 病態, 治療体制の確立に向けて. Therapeut Res 26 : 2012-2027, 2005.

• 3) Schermuly R T, et al : loprost-induced desensitization of the prostacydin receptor in isolated rabbit lungs. Respir Res 8 : 4, 2007.
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P.112 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Moncada S, et al : An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature 263 : 663-665, 1976.

• 2) 中西宣文,他 : 肺高血圧症治療ガイドライン (2012年改訂版), 2013. http://www.j-circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2012_nakanishi_h.pdf

• 3) Ogawa A, et al : Safety and efficacy of epoprostenol therapy in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, Circ J 76 : 1729-1736, 2012.
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• 4) Nagaya N, et al : Effect of orally active prostacyclin analogue on survival of outpatients with primary pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 34 : 1188-1192, 1999.
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• 5) Galie N, et al : Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 39 : 1496-1502, 2002.

• 6) Barst R J, et al : A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 334 : 296-301, 1996.
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• 7) Ryerson C J, et al : Pharmacotherapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension : asystematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res 11 : 12, 2010.

• 8) Akagi S, et al : Marked hemodynamic improvements by high-dose epoprostenol therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ J 74 : 2200-2205, 2010.
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• 9) Badagliacca R, et al : Prognostic factors in severe pulmorlary hypertension patients who need parenteral prostanoid therapy : the impact of late referral. J Heart Lung Transplant 31 : 364-372, 2012.
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• 10) 松原広己 : 薬物療法肺高血圧症診療マニュアル (伊藤浩, 他編). p70-88. 南江堂, 東京, 2012.

• 11) Ogawa A, et al : Risk of alveolar hemorrhage in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension-anticoagulation and epoprostenol therapy. Circ J 69 : 216-220, 2005.
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• 12) 大森庸子,他 : 肺動脈性肺高血圧症に対するトレプロスチニル水性注射液の臨床評価. Prog Med 34 : 333-348, 2014.
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• 13) Simonneau G, et al : Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension : a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165 : 800-804, 2002.
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• 14) Galie N, et al : Updated treatment algorithm of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : D60-72, 2013.
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• 15) Rich J D, et al : The effect of diluent pH on bloodstream infection rates in patients receiving IV treprostinil for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 141 : 36-42, 2012.
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• 16) Olschewski H, et al : Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 347 : 322-329, 2002.
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• 17) Simonneau G, et al : Selexipag : an oral, selective prostacyclin receptor agonist for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 40 : 874-880, 2012.
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P.125 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kohan D E, et al : Regulation of blood pressure and salt homeostasis by endothelin. Physiol Rev 91 (1) : 1-77, 2011.
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• 2) 中山和彦, 他 : エンドセリン受容体拮抗薬の臨床研究と今後の課題 心臓 45 : 1503-1511, 2013.

• 3) Strachan F E, et al : Systemic blockade of the endothelin-B receptor increases peripheral vascular resistance in healthy men, Hypertension 33 (1 Pt 2) : 581-585, 1999.

• 4) 中山和彦,他 : 【肺高血圧症の最適治療を目指して】最適な薬物治療を目指してエンドセリン受容体拮抗薬 (解説/特集). Progr Med 34 (8) : 1427-1437, 2014.

• 5) Bourge RC, et al : The Safely Change From Bosentan To Ambrisentan In Pulmonary Hypertension (scoba-Ph) Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 187 : A3299, 2013.

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