書籍詳細

I インスリン注射とGLP-1製剤 ―糖尿病の薬物治療におけるポジショニング―

P.15 掲載の参考文献

• 1) U.K.Prospective Diabetes Study Group:UKPDS 16. Overview of 6 Years' therapy of type 2 diabetes:a progressive disease. Diabetes 44:1249-1258, 1995

• 2) Miki H et al:Glucagon-glucose(GG)test for the estimation of the insulin reserve in diabetes. Diab Res Clin Pract 18:99-105, 1992

• 3) 難波光義ほか:インクレチンとメタボリックシンドローム-GLP-1関連薬剤を用いる糖尿病の新たな予防と治療策. 日本消化器病学会雑誌 102:1398-1404, 2005
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• 4) Zhang J et al:Continuous stimulation of human GLP-1(7-36)amide in a mouse model(NOD)delays onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 50(9):1900-1909, 2007

II インスリン製剤の進歩と応用

P.20 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Eisenbarth GS:Type I diabetes mellitus. A chronic autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 314:1360-1368, 1986
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• 2) Kobayashi T et al:Immunogenetic and clinical characterization of slowly progressive IDDM. Diabetes Care16(5):780-788, 1993

• 3) Imagawa A et al:A novel subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus characterized by a rapid onset and an absence of diabetes-related antibodies. N Engl J Med 342:301-307, 2000

• 4) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 329(14):977-986, 1993

• 5) Nathan DM et al;Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications(DCCT/EDIC)Study Research Group:Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 353(25):2643-2653, 2005

• 6) Brackenridge, Fredrickson, and Chip Reed. Counting Carbohydrates:How to Zero in on Good Control. Sylmar:MiniMed Technologies, 1995

• 7) Samann A et al:Glycaemic control and severe hypoglycaemia following training in flexible, intensive insulin therapy to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes:a prospective implementation study. Diabetologia 48:1965-1970, 2005
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P.27 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Shulman GL:Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 106:171-176, 2000

• 2) Marshall S et al:Discovery of a metabolic pathway mediating glucose-induced desensitization of the glucose transport system. Role of hexosamine biosynthesis in the induction of insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 266:4706-4712, 1991
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• 3) Matthews DR et al:Pulsatile insulin has greater hypoglycemic effect than continuous delivery. Diabetes 32:617-621, 1983
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• 4) Laedtke T et al:Overnight inhibition of insulin secretion restores pulsatility and proinsulin/insulin ratio in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E520-528, 2000
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• 5) Brunzell JD et al:Relationships between fasting plasma glucose levels and insulin secretion during intravenous glucose tolerance tests. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 42:222-229, 1976
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• 6) Bruce DG et al:Physiological importance of deficiency in early prandial insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes 37:736-744, 1988
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• 7) Vague P, Moulin JP:The defective glucose sensitivity of the β-cell in non insulin dependent diabetes:improvement after twenty hours of normoglycemia. Metabolism 31:139-142, 1982

• 8) Kloppel G et al:Islet pathology and the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus revisited. Surv Synth Pathol Res 4:110-125, 1985
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• 9) Turner RC et al:Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). JAMA 281:2005-2012, 1999

P.31 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Howey DC et al:[Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]-human insulin. A rapidly absorbed analogue of human insulin. Diabetes 43:396-402, 1994
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• 2) Wilde MI, McTavish D:Insulin lispro:a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in the management of diabetes mellitus. Drugs 54:597-614, 1997
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• 3) Mudaliar SR et al:Insulin aspart(B28 asp-insulin):a fast-acting analog of human insulin:absorption kinetics and action profile compared with regular human insulin in healthy nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 22:1501-1506, 1999
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• 4) Homko C et al:Comparison of insulin aspart and lispro:pharmacokinetic and metabolic effects. Diabetes Care 26:2027-2031, 2003
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• 5) ter Braak EW et al:Injection site effects on the pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of insulin lispro and regular insulin. Diabetes Care 19:1437-1440, 1996

• 6) Danne T et al:A comparison of postprandial and preprandial administration of insulin aspart in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:2359-2364, 2003
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P.35 掲載の参考文献

• 1) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 329(14):977-986, 1993

• 2) Ohkubo Y et al:Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus:a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 28(2):103-117, 1995
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• 3) Roach P et al;High Mix Study Group:Effects of multiple daily injection therapy with Humalog mixtures versus separately injected insulin lispro and NPH insulin in adults with type I diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 26(4):502-510, 2004

• 4) Kawamori R et al:Importance of insulin secretion based on the rate of change in blood glucose concentration in glucose tolerance, assessed by the anificial beta cell. Acta Endocrinol 87(2):339-351, 1978
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P.40 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Lepore M et al:Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analog glargine, NPH insulin and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes 49:2142-2148, 2000
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• 2) Pieber TR et al:Efficacy and safety of HOE 901 vesrus NPH insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. The European Study Group of HOE 901 in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 23:157-162, 2000

• 3) Rosenstock J et al:Basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. 28-week comparison of insulin glargine (HOE901)and NPH insulin. Diabetes Care 24:631-636, 2001
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• 4) Yki-Jarvinen H et al:Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes. HOE 901/3002 Study Group. Diabetes Care 23:1130-1136, 2000

• 5) Dreyer M et al:Comparison of the pharmacokinetics/dynamics of Gly (A21)-Arg(B31, B32)-human insulin with NPH-insulin following subcutaneous injection by using euglycemic clamp technique. Diabetologia 37:A78(abstract), 1994

• 6) Markussen J et al:Soluble fatty acid acylated insulins bind to albumin and show protracted action in pigs. Diabetologia 39:281-288, 1996
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• 7) Heinemann L et al:Time-action profile of the soluble, fatty acid acylated, long-acting insulin analogue NN304. Diabet Med 16:332-338, 1999
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P.47 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 朝倉俊成ほか:インスリン自己注射導入指導における注入器の種類と指導所要時間との関係. Prog Med 23:3381-3385, 2003

• 2) 朝倉俊成, 清野弘明:2種のインスリンカートリッジ注入器(ヒューマペンラグジュラとノボペン300) の糖尿病患者を対象とした使用性評価と基礎試験による比較. 医療薬学 31(12):993-1003, 2005

• 3) Asakura T et al:A Comparison of the Usability of Two Types of Disposable Pen (FlexPen Versus Humalog Kit)Containing Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs. Diabetes 52(suppl 1):A102, 2003

• 4) 朝倉俊成ほか:高齢者にやさしいインスリン注射器を考える-イノレット使用感調査報告-. 薬事新報 2117:941-948, 2001

• 5) Asakura T et al:Auditory and Sensory Confirmation of Correct Insulin Dose Is Better with FlexPen and NovoPen3 Compared with Other Insulin Delivery Devices. Diabetes 53(suppl 2):A465, 2004

• 6) 朝倉俊成, 清野弘明:各種ペン型インスリン注入器の注入時クリック音の音量と注入終了確認に関する一考察. 先進インスリン療法研究会誌 2:1-4, 2005

• 7) Asakura T et al:Assessment of does selection attributes with audible notification in insulin pen devices. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 7(4):620-626, 2005
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• 8) 朝倉俊成ほか:インスリン注入器の単位測定ダイヤルの回転トルクと患者の使用性についての一考察. 糖尿病 50(suppl 1):s-172, 2007

• 9) 朝倉俊成ほか:インスリン・プレフィルド製剤を用いたマイクロテーパー針(TN-3305)の基礎的研究. 医療薬学 30:368-376, 2004
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• 10) 朝倉俊成ほか:市販のインスリン注入器と専用注射針を用いた注入抵抗の比較と患者への手技指導上の留意点. 医療薬学 32(8):723-728, 2006
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• 11) 朝倉俊成ほか:インスリン注入器の注入ボタン変位と患者の使用性. プラクティス 21(6):740-744, 2004
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• 12) Asakura T:Comparison of the dosing accuracy of two insulin injection devices. Journal of Clinical Research 8:33-40, 2005

P.55 掲載の参考文献

• 1) The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial(DCCT)Research Group:The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression on long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 329:977-986, 1993

• 2) The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group:Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. N Engl J Med 342:381-389, 2000

• 3) 小林 正編:第6章インスリン注射の実際A強化インスリン療法, インスリン療法マニュアル, 第3版, 東京, 文光堂, 2005, pp38-58

• 4) 小林 正編:第7章持続皮下インスリン注入法(CSII), インスリン療法マニュアル, 第3版, 東京, 文光堂, 2005, pp70-79

• 5) Phillip M et al:Use of insulin pump therapy in the pediatric age-group:consensus statement from the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, endorsed by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:1653-1662, 2007

• 6) 日本糖尿病学会編:8薬物治療Dインスリン処方の実際, 糖尿病専門医研修ガイドブック, 第3版, 東京, 診断と治療社, 2006, pp122-123

P.59 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Giorgio S et al:The Arg972 variant in insulin receptor substrate-1 is associated with an increased risk of secondary failure to sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 27:1394-1398, 2004

• 2) Giorgio S et al:The E23K variant of KCNJ11 encoding the pancreatic beta cell adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel subunit Kir6.2 is associated with an increased risk of secondary failure to sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes. JCEM 91:2334-2339, 2006

• 3) Del Prato S et al:Partial recovery of insulin secretion and action after combined insulin-sulfonylurea treatment in type2 diabetic patients with secondary failure to oral agents. Diabetologia 33:688-695, 1990

• 4) 菅田有紀子ほか:2型糖尿病のインスリン療法におけるインスリン離脱可否の予測因子に関する検討. 糖尿病 47:271-275, 2004

P.64 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 前川 聡:ブドウ糖毒性とインスリン抵抗性. 最新医学 57:1827-1833, 2002
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• 2) 日本糖尿病学会:薬物療法. 糖尿病治療ガイド2006-2007, 岩本安彦ほか, 東京, 文光堂, 2006, pp41-57

• 3) Kawamori R et al:Fasting plus prandial insulin supplements improve insulin secretory ability in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care 12:680-685, 1989
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• 4) Ohkubo Y, Shitiri M:Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Prac 28:103-117, 1995

• 5) 松岡健平:2型:インスリン2回注射/開始. Staged Diabetes Management (日本語版2004), 松岡健平ほか, 東京, SDM研究会, 2004, p51

P.69 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Mitrakou A et al:Role of reduced suppression of glucose production and diminished early insulin release in impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 326:22-29, 1992
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• 2) Weyer C et al:The natural history of insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 104:787-794, 1999
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• 3) Tanaka Y et al:Usefulness of revised fasting plasma glucose criterion and characteristics of the insulin response to an oral glucose load in newly diagnosed Japanese diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 21:1133-1137, 1998

• 4) Uchino H et al:Impairment of early insulin response after glucose load, rather than insulin resistance, is responsible for postprandial hyperglycemia seen in obese type 2 diabetes:assessment using nateglinide, a new insulin secretagogue. Endocr J 47:639-641, 2000
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• 5) UK Prospective Diabetes Study(UKPDS)Group:Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837-853, 1998

• 6) Matsuhisa M et al:Augmentation of hepatic glucose uptake by a positive glucose gradient between hepatoportal and central nervous systems. Diabetes 46:1101-1105, 1997
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• 7) Yoshihara T et al:Therapeutic efficacy of mitiglinide combined with once daily insulin glargine after switching from multiple daily insulin regimen of aspart insulin and glargine in patients With type 2 diabetes mellitus. JUN-LAN STUDY 5. Endocr J 53(1):67-72, 2006

P.74 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Guvener N, Gedik O:Effect of combination of insulin and acarbose compared with insulin and gliclazide in type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 36:93-97, 1999
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• 2) 渡辺伸明ほか:インスリン治療NIDDMに対するα-グルコシダーゼ阻害剤の併用効果. 糖尿病 39:679-685, 1996

• 3) Coniff RF et al:A double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and eficacy of acarbose for the treatment of patients with insulin-requiring type II diabetes. Diabetes Care 18:928-932, 1995

• 4) Kelley DE et al:Efficacy and safety of acarbose in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 21:2056-2061, 1998
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• 5) 神田勤ほか:経口血糖降下剤二次無効・非肥満NIDDMにおける毎食前速効型インスリン注射療法とα-グルコシダーゼ阻害剤の併用効果. 糖尿病 39:183-190, 1996

• 6) Chiasson JL et al:Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus:the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial. Lancet 359:2072-2077, 2002
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• 7) Hanefeld M et al:Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients:meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J 25:1016, 2004

P.78 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Aviles-Santa L et al:Effects of metformin in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intem Med 131(3):182-188, 1999

• 2) Yki-Jarvinen H et al:Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intem Med 130(5):389-396, 1999

• 3) Ponssen HH et al:Combined metformin and insulin therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 22(6):709-718, 2000
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• 4) Sourij H et al:Effects of pioglitazone on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose control in subjects with coronary artery disease and new-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 29(5):1039-1045, 2006
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• 5) Davidson JA et al:Addition of pioglitazone to stable insulin therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes:results of a double-blind, multicentre, randomized study. Diabetes Obes Metab 8(2):164-174, 2006
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• 6) Rosenstock J et al:Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes:a randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving stable insulin therapy. Int J Clin Pract 56(4):251-257, 2002
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• 7) Inzucchi SE et al:Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 338(13):867-872, 1998
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• 8) Fonseca VA et al:Diabetes treatments have differential effects on nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. J Diabetes Complications 20(1):1420, 2006

• 9) Mattoo V et al:Metabolic effects of pioglitazone in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose disease is not adequately controlled with insulin therapy:results of a six-month, randomized, double-blind, prospective, multicenter, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 27(5):554-567, 2005
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• 10) Strowig SM et al:Improved glycemic control without weight gain using triple therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 27(7):1577-1583, 2004
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• 11) Rosenstock J et al:Inhaled insulin improves glycemic control when substituted for or added to oral combination therapy in type 2 diabetes:a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 143(8):549-558, 2005
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P.82 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 沖田考平ほか:2型糖尿病におけるInsulin Glargine・Nateglinide併用療法の有効性に関する検討. 糖尿病 48(Supplement 2):S-255, 2005

• 2) 酒井武則ほか:2型糖尿病におけるナテグリニドとグラルギン併用療法の有用性の検討. 糖尿病 48 (Supplement 2):S-255, 2005

• 3) Yoshihara T et al:Therapeutic Efficacy of Mitiglinide Combined with Once Daily Insulin Glargine after Switching from Multiple Daily Insulin Regimen of Aspart Insulin and Glargine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocrine Journal 53(1):67-72, 2006
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• 4) 小野吹美ほか:2型糖尿病のコントロール不良例に対するグラルギン1回注射+ミチグリニド3回内服療法の検討. 第6回先進インスリン療法研究会Program & Abstracts:10, 2006

P.86 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 荒木栄一ほか:糖尿病-診断から自己管理まで-緊急時の対応2. シックデイ. 日本内科学会雑誌 89:104-107, 2000

• 2) 島田 朗:「シックデイ」時のインスリン治療のコツ. 診断と治療 93:764-767, 2005
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• 3) Eledrisi MS et al:Overview of the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Am J Med Sci 331(5):243-251, 2006
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• 4) Kitabchi AE et al:American Diabetes Association:Hyperglycemic crises in diabetes. Diabetes Care 27(Suppl 1):S94-102, 2004

• 5) Trachtenbarg DE:Diabetic ketoacidosis. Am Fam Physician 71:1705-1714, 2005
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• 6) 磯谷治彦ほか:糖尿病ケトアシドーシス. 糖尿病最新の治療2004-2006, 河盛隆造ほか編, 南江堂, 東京, 2004, pp146-150

• 7) 松谷 朗:糖尿病-診断から自己管理まで-緊急時の対応 1. 急性合併症. 日本内科学会雑誌 89:99-103, 2000

• 8) 山下滋雄:高血糖緊急時のインスリン治療のコツ. 診断と治療 93:757-763, 2005
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P.91 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 佐藤利彦ほか:SMBG-1型糖尿病患者の管理面における活用. 難波光義, 矢澤幸生編集 糖尿病カレントライブラリー(6) 糖尿病の薬物療法, 文光堂, 東京, 2006, pp104-109

• 2) Davis WA et al:Is Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Appropriate for All Type 2 Diabetic Patients?-The Fremantle Diabetes Study-. Diabetes Care 29:1764-1770, 2006

• 3) 富永真琴ほか:血糖自己測定機器の機種間差に関する共同実験2002について(糖尿病関連検査の標準化に関する委員会報告). 糖尿病 46:889-897, 2003

• 4) Bina DM et al:Clinical impact of prandial state, exercise, and site preparation on the equivalence of alternative-site blood glucose testing. Diabetes Care 26:981-985, 2003
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• 5) Karter AJ et al:Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose Levels and Glycemic Control:the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry. The Am J Med 111:1-9, 2001

• 6) Karter AJ et al:Longitudinal Study of New and Prevalent Use of Self-Monitorring of Blood Glucose. Diabetes Care 29:1757-1763, 2006

• 7) Evans JM et al:Frequency of blood glucose monitoring in relation to glycemic control;observational study with diabetes database. Br Med J 319:83-86, 1999

• 8) Cox DJ et al:Blood glucose awareness training (BGAT-2)long-term benefits. Diabetes Care 24:637-642, 2001
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• 9) Franciosi M et al:The impact of blood glucose self-monitoring on metabolic control and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients;an urgent need for better educational strategies. Diabetes Care 24:1870-1877, 2001
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• 10) Garg S et al:Improvement glycemic excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose sensor;a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 29:44-50, 2006
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• 11) Martin S et al:Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes and long-term outcome;an epidemiologic cohort study. Diabetologia 49:271-278 2006
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P.97 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 朝倉俊成:インスリン療養指導と注入器選択の最適化に向けて〜患者さんにやさしいインスリン注射器の選択〜プラクティス 23(3):341-346, 2006

• 2) 清水正子ほか:外来インスリン導入の教育システムの考案-患者のニーズに沿った視点から-. 日本看護学会誌 13(1):17-27, 2003

P.101 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hermansen K:Waiting to inhale:noninjectable insulin, are we there yet? Current Diab Rep 4:335-341, 2004
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• 2) Odegard PS, Capoccia KL:Inhaled insulin:Exubera. Annals Pharmacother 39:843-853, 2005

• 3) Skyler JS et al:Use of inhaled insulin in a basal/borus insulin regimen in Type 1 diabetic subject:a 6-month, randomized, comparative trial. Diabetes Care 28(7):1630-1635, 2005

• 4) Rosenstock J et al:Inhaled human insulin (Exubera(R))therapy shows sustained efficacy and is well tolerated over a 2-year period in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 55(suppl 1):A26, 2006

• 5) Himmelmann A et al:The impact of smoking on inhaled insulin. Diabetes Care 26:677-682, 2003
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• 6) Becker RH et al:The effect of smoking cessation and subsequent resumption on absorption of inhaled insulin(Exubera). Diabetologia 46(suppl 2):A278, 2003

III GLP-1に期待するもの

P.108 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Gallwitz B:Glucagon-like peptide 1 as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes and its role in restoring beta-cell mass. Diabetes Technol Ther 7:651-657, 2005
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• 2) Nauck MA, Meier JJ:Glucagon-like peptide 1 and its derivatives in the treatment of diabetes. Regul Pept 128:135-148, 2005
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• 3) Gonzalez C et al:Investigational treatments for Type 2 diabetes mellitus:exenatide and liraglutide. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 15(8):887-893, 2006
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• 4) Hansen L et al:Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)amide is transformed to glucagon-like peptide-1-(9-36)amide by dipeptidyl peptidese IV in the capillaries supplying the L cells of the porcine lntestine. Endocrinology 140(11):5356-5363, 1999

• 5) Knudsen LB et al:Potent derivetives of glucagon-like peptide-1 with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once daily administrations. J Med Chem 43:1664-1669, 2000

• 6) Larsen PJ et al:Systemic administration of the long-acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 induces lasting and reversible weight loss in both normal and obese rats. Diabetes 50:2530-2539, 2001

• 7) Ribel U et al:NN2211:a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 derivative with anti-diabetic effects in glucose intolerant pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 451:217-225, 2002
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• 8) Bregenholt S et al:The long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, liraglutide, inhibits β-cell apoptosis in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 330:577-584, 2005

• 9) Rolin B et al:The long acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 ameliorates glycemia and increases β-cell mass in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283:E745-E752, 2002

• 10) Friedrichsen BN et al:Stimulation of pancreatic β-cell replication by incretins involves transcriptional induction of cyclin D1 via multiple signaling pathways. J Endocrinol 188:481-492, 2006

• 11) Elbrond B et al:Pharmakokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of a single-dose of NN2211, along-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 derivative, in healthy male subjects. Diabetes Care 25(8):1398-1404, 2002

• 12) Agerso H et al:The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of NN2211, a new long-acting GLP-1 derivative, in healthy men. Diabetologia 45:195-202, 2002
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• 13) Damholt B et al:An open-label, parallel group study investigating the effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of the once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide. J Clin Pharmacol 46:635-641, 2006

• 14) Juhl CB et al:Bedtime administration of NN2211, a long-acting GLP-1 derivative, substantially reduces fasting and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51:424-429, 2002
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• 15) Chang AM et al:The GLP-1 derivative NN2211 restores β-cell sensitibity to glucose in type 2 diabetic patients after a single dose. Diabetes 52:1786-1791, 2003

• 16) Degn KB et al:One week's treatment with the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 derivative liraglutide (NN2211)markedly improves 24-h glycemia and α-and β-cell function and reduces endogenous glucose release in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53:1187-1194, 2004

• 17) Harder H et al:The effect of liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide l derivative, on glycemic control, body composition, and 24-h energy expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes. Daibetes Care 27(8):1915-1921, 2004

• 18) Madsbad S et al:Improved glycemic control with no weight increase in patients with type 2 diabetes after once-daily treatment with the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 analog liraglutide(NN2211:a12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial). Diabetes Care 27(6):1335-1342, 2004

• 19) Nauck MA et al:Five weeks of treatment with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide improves glycaemic control and lowers body weight in subjects With type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114:417-423, 2006
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• 20) Crespel A et al:Effects of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide on C cells from rat thyroid and medullary thyroid carcinoma CA-77 cell line. Endocrinology 137(9):3674-3680, 1996

• 21) http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2005/021773_Byetta_pharmr.pdf

P.113 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Vilsboll T et al:Incretin secretion in relation to meal size and body weight in healthy subjects and people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2706-2713, 2003
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• 2) Nauck MA et al:Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1[7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 91:301-307, 1993

• 3) Riddle MC et al:Emerging therapies mimicking the effects of amylin and glucagon-like peptide 1. Diabetes Care 29:435-449, 2006
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• 4) DeFronzo RA et al:Effects of exenatide(exendin-4)on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:1092-1100, 2005
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• 5) Buse JB et al:Effects of exenatide (exendin-4)on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 27:2628-2635, 2004
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• 6) Kendall DM et al:Effects of exenatide(exendin-4)on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea. Diabetes Care 28:1083-1091, 2005

• 7) Heine RJ et al:Exenatide versus insulin glargine in patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes:a randomized trial. Ann Intem Med 143:559-569, 2005

IV グルカゴンと低血糖対策

P.120 掲載の参考文献

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• 2) Bromer WW et al:The amino acid sequence of glucagon. Diabetes 6:234-238, 1957
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• 3) Namba M et al:Clinical evaluation of biosynthetic glucagon treatment for recovery from hypoglycemia developed in diabetic patients. The GL-G Hypoglycemia Study Group. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 19:133-138, 1993

• 4) 篠村恭久ほか:上部消化管X線検査の前処置における遺伝子組み換え法によるグルカゴン(GL-G)の臨床効果と安全性-膵グルカゴンを対照とした多施設二重盲検比較試験-. ホルモンと臨床 38:1165-1174, 1990

• 5) 難波光義ほか:バイオ医薬品-ヒトとクスリの新たな関係-グルカゴン. 薬局 48:751-756, 1997

• 6) Gerich JE:Hypoglycemia. Endocrinology, Degroot LJ, Jameson JL, editors, 4th ed, Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2001, pp921-940

• 7) Glaser B et al:Hypoglycemia. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus, Kahn CR, Weir GC, King GL, Jacobson AM, Moses AC, Smith RJ, editors, 14th ed, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005, pp1147-1175

• 8) Cryer PE:Hypoglycaemia:The limiting factor in the glycaemic management of type I and type II diabetes. Diabetologia 45:937-948, 2002
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• 9) 日本糖尿病学会編:低血糖およびシックデイ. 糖尿病治療ガイド2006-2007, 日本糖尿病学会編, 東京, 文光堂, 2006, pp58-61

• 10) 日本糖尿病学会編:低血糖. 糖尿病専門医研修ガイドブック, 糖尿病学会編, 改訂第3版, 東京, 診断と治療社, 2006, pp189-191

• 11) Kinsley BT et al:Blood glucose awareness training and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia during intensive treatment in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 22:1022-1028, 1999
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• 12) 日本糖尿病学会編:副作用とその対策. 糖尿病専門医研修ガイドブック, 糖尿病学会編, 改訂第3版, 東京, 診断と治療社, 2006, pp130-136

• 13) 山田研太郎:低血糖に随伴する自律神経障害. PRACTICE 17:260-264, 2000