書籍詳細

1 肺静脈・左房結合部の構造と不整脈源性

P.20 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, et al:Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 339:659-666, 1998
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• 2) Los JA:Embryology. in Pediatric cardiology, ed by Watson H. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby. 1-28, 1968

• 3) Anderson RH, Becker AE:The development of the heart. in Cardiac Anatomy, ed by Anderson RH, Becker AE. London, Gower Medical Publishing, 10.1-10.30, 1980

• 4) Kramer AW, Marks LS:The occurrence of cardiac muscle in the pulmonary veins. J Morphol 117:135-150, 1965
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• 5) Nathan H, Eliakim M:The junction between the left atrium and the pulmonary veins; An anatomic study of human hearts. Circulation 34:412-422, 1966
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• 6) Nathan H, Gloobe H:Myocardial atrio-venous junctions and extensions (sleeve) over the pulmonary and caval veins. Anatomical observations in various mammals. Thorax 25:317-324, 1970
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• 7) De Almeida OP, Bohm GM, Carvalho MP, et al:The cardiac muscle in the pulmonary vein of the rat; A morphological and electrophysiological study. J Morphol 145:409-434, 1975

• 8) Masani F:Node-like cells in the myocardial layer of the pulmonary vein of rats; An ultrastructural study. J Anat 145:133-142, 1986
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• 9) Hashizume H, Tango M, Ushiki T:Three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of rat pulmonary venous walls; A light and scanning electron microscopic study. Anat Embryol (Berl) 198:473-480, 1998

• 10) Saito T, Waki K, Becker AE:Left atrial myocardial extension onto pulmonary veins in humans; Anatomic observations relevant for atrial arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:888-894, 2000
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• 11) Spach MS, Dolber PC:Relating extracellular potentials and their derivatives to anisotropic propagation at a microscopic level in human cardiac muscle; Evidence for electrical uncoupling of side-to-side fiber connections with increasing age. Circ Res 58:356-371, 1986

• 12) Spach MS, Dolber PC, Heidlage JF:Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle; A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation. Circ Res 62:811-832, 1988

• 13) Saito T, Makishima N, Sakai T, et al:Morphology of peripheral zone in myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins; The comparison with sino-atrial nordal cells. Jpn Circ J 65 (Suppl. 1-A):154, 2001

• 14) Brunton TL, Fayrer J:Note on independent pulsation of the pulmonary veins and vena ca va. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 25:174-176, 1876

• 15) Cheung DW:Electrical activity of the pulmonary vein and its interaction with the right atrium in the guinea pig. J Physiol 314:445-456, 1981
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• 16) Gorza L, Thornell LE, Schaffino S:Nodal myosin distribution in the bovine heart during prenatal development; An immunohistochemical study. Circ Res 62:1182-1190, 1988

• 17) Gorza L, Vitadello M:Distribution of conduction system fibers in the developing and adult rabbit heart revealed by an antineuronfilament antibody. Circ Res 65:360-369, 1989
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• 18) Blom NA, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, DeRuiter MC, et al:Development of the cardiac conduction tissue in human embryos using HNK-1 antigen expression; Possible relevance for understanding of abnormal atrail automaticity. Circulation 99:800-806, 1999

• 19) Chen YJ, Chen SA, Chen YC, et al:Electrophysiology of single cardiomyocytes isolated from rabbit pulmonary veins; Implication in initiation of focal atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 97:26-34, 2002
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• 20) Markides V, Schilling RJ, Ho SY, et al:Characterizaion of left atrial activation in the intact human heart. Circulation 107:733-739, 2003

• 21) Papez JW:Heart musculature of the atria. Am J Anat 27:255-285, 1920

• 22) Roithinger FX, Cheng J, SippensGroenewegen A, et al:Use of electroanatomic mapping to delineate transseptal atrial conduction in humans. Circulation 100:1791-1797, 1999
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• 23) O'Donnell D, Bourke JP, Furniss SS:Interatrial transseptal electrical conduction; Comparison of patients with atrial fibrillation and normal controls. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13:1111-1117, 2002
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• 24) 井上 紳, 牧嶋信行, 小林洋一, 他:房室接合部における左右心房筋連結に関する解剖学的検討. Jpn Circ J 63 (Suppl. 1):155, 1999

• 25) Schauerte P, Scherlag BJ, Pitha J, et al:Catheter ablation of cardiac autonomic nerves for prevention of vagal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 102:2774-2780, 2000
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• 26) Katritsis D, Ioannidis JP, Anagnostopoulos CE, et al:Identification and catheter ablation of extracardiac and intracardiac components of ligament of Marshall tissue for treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12:750-758, 2001
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• 27) van der Velden HM, van Kempen MJ, Wijffels MC, et al:Altered pattern of connexin40 distribution in persistent atrial fibrillation in the goat. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 9:596-607, 1998
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• 28) Polontchouk L, Haefliger JA, Ebelt B, et al:Effects of chronic atrial fibrillation on gap junction distribution in human and rat atria. J Am Coll Cardiol 38:883-891, 2001

• 29) Kostin S, Klein G, Szalay Z, et al:Structural correlate of atrial fibrillation in human patients. Cardiovasc Res 54:361-379, 2002
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• 30) Verheule S, Wilson EE, Arora R, et al:Tissue structure and connexin expression of canine pulmonary veins. Cardiovasc Res 55:727-738, 2002
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2 肺静脈の電気生理学的特徴

P.30 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Moe GK, Rheinboldt WC, Abildoskov JA:A computer model of atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 67:200-220, 1964

• 2) Allessie MA, Bonke FI, Schopman FJ:Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia. III. The "leading circle" concept; A new model of circus movement in cardiac tissue without the involvement of an anatomical obstacle. Circ Res 41:9-18, 1977
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• 3) Ikeda T, Czer L, Trento A, et al:Induction of meandering functional reentrant wave front in isolated human atrial tissues. Circulation 96:3013-3020, 1997
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• 4) Jais P, Haissaguerre M, Shah DC, et al:A focal source of atrial fibrillation treated by discrete radiofrequency ablation. Circulation 95:572-576, 1997
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• 5) Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, et al:Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 339:659-666, 1998
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• 6) Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, et al:Catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation targeting the reinitiating triggers. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:2-10, 2000
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• 7) Mandapati R, Skanes A, Chen J, et al:Stable microreentrant sources as a mechanism of atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation 101:194-199, 2000
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• 8) Wu TJ, Ong JJ, Chang CM, et al:Pulmonary veins and ligament of Marshall as sources of rapid activations in a canine model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Circulation 103:1157-1163, 2001

• 9) Chen PS, Wu TJ, Hwang C, et al:Thoracic veins and the mechanisms of non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 54:295-301, 2002
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• 10) Chen SA, Hsieh MH, Tai CT, et al:Initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins; Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological responses, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation 100:1879-1886, 1999
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• 11) Kumagai K, Yasuda T, Tojo H, et al:Role of rapid focal activation in the maintenance of atrial fibrillation originating from the pulmonary veins. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 23:1823-1827, 2000
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• 12) Nathan H, Eliakim M:The junction between the left atrium and the pulmonary veins. An anatomic study of human hearts. Circulation 34:412-422, 1966
  pubmed

• 13) De Almeida OP, Bohm GM, de Paula Carvalho M, et al:The cardiac muscle in the pulmonary vein of the rat; A morphological and electrophysiological study. J Morphol 145:409-434, 1975

• 14) Saito T, Waki K, Becker AE:Left atrial myocardial extension onto pulmonary veins in humans; Anatomic observations relevant for atrial arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:888-894, 2000
  pubmed

• 15) Verheule S, Wilson EE, Arora R, et al:Tissue structure and connexin expression of canine pulmonary veins. Cardiovasc Res 55:727-738, 2002
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• 16) Spach MS, Barr RC, Jewett PH:Spread of excitation from the atrium into thoracic veins in human beings and dogs. Am J Cardiol 30:844-854, 1972
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• 17) Brunton TL, Fayrer J:Note on independent pulsation of the pulmonary veins and vena cava. Pro Roy Soc Lond 25:174-176, 1876

• 18) Hocini M, Ho SY, Kawara T, et al:Electrical conduction in canine pulmonary veins; Electrophysiological and anatomic correlation. Circulation 105:2442-2448, 2002
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• 19) De Bakker JM, Ho SY, Hocini M:Basic and clinical electrophysiology of pulmonary vein ectopy. Cardiovasc Res 54:287-294, 2002
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• 20) Spach MS, Miller WT 3rd, Dolber PC, et al:The functional role of structural complexities in the propagation of depolarization in the atrium of the dog. Cardiac conduction disturbances due to discontinuities of effective axial resistivity. Circ Res 50:175-191, 1982
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• 21) Spach MS, Dolber PC, Heidlage JF:Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle. A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation. Circ Res 62:811-832, 1988

• 22) Kleber AG, Janse MJ, Fast VG:Normal and abnormal conduction in the heart. in Handbook of Physiology, ed by Page E, Fozzard HA, Solaro RJ. New York, Oxford University Press, 455-530, 2001

• 23) Wilders R, Wagner MB, Golod DA, et al:Effects of anisotropy on the development of cardiac arrhythmias associated with focal activity. Pflugers Arch 441:301-312, 2000
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• 24) Jas P, Peng JT, Shah DC, et al:Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with so-called lone atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:623-625, 2000

• 25) Lin WS, Prakash VS, Tai CT, et al:Pulmonary vein morphology in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins; Implications for catheter ablation. Circulation 101:1274-1281, 2000
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• 26) Arora R, Verheule S, Scott L, et al:Arrhythmogenic substrate of the pulmonary veins assessed by high-resolution optical mapping. Circulation 107:1816-1821, 2003
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• 27) DeRuiter MC, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, Wenink AC, et al:In normal development pulmonary veins are connected to the sinus venosus segment in the left atrium. Anat Rec 243:84-92, 1995

• 28) Masani F:Node-like cells in the myocardial layer of the pulmonary vein of rats; An ultrastructural study. J Anat 145:133-142, 1986
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• 29) Gorza L, Thornell LE, Schiaffino S:Nodal myosin distribution in the bovine heart during prenatal development; An immunohistochemical study. Circ Res 62:1182-1190, 1988
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• 30) Gorza L, Vitadello M:Distribution of conduction system fibers in the developing and adult rabbit heart revealed by an antineurofilament antibody. Circ Res 85:360-369, 1989

• 31) Blom NA, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, DeRuiter MC, et al:Development of the cardiac conduction tissue in human embryos using HNK-1 antigen expression; Possible relevance for understanding of abnormal atrial automaticity. Circulation 99:800-806, 1999
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• 32) Cheung DW:Electrical activity of the pulmonary vein and its interaction with the right atrium in the guinea-pig. J Physiol 314:445-456, 1980

• 33) Chen YJ, Chen SA, Chang MS, et al:Arrhythmogenic activity of cardiac muscle in pulmonary veins of the dog; Implication for the genesis of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 48:265-273, 2000
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• 34) Cheung DW:Pulmonary vein as an ectopic focus in digitalis-induced arrhythmia. Nature 294:582-584, 1981
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• 35) Honjo H, Boyett MR, Niwa R, et al:Pacing-induced spontaneous activity in myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins after treatment with ryanodine. Circulation 107:1937-1943, 2003
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• 36) Marks AR, Reiken S, Marx SO:Progression of heart failure; Is protein kinase A hyperphosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor a contributing factor? Circulation 105:272-275, 2002
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• 37) Chen YJ, Chen SA, Chen YC, et al:Effects of rapid atrial pacing on the arrhythmogenic activity of single cardiomyocytes from pulmonary veins; Implication in initiation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 104:2849-2854, 2001
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• 38) Chen YJ, Chen SA, Chen YC, et al:Electrophysiology of single cardiomyocytes isolated from rabbit pulmonary veins; Implication in initiation of focal atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 97:26-34, 2002
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3 心房細動の分子生物学

P.43 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dorland R, et al:Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 92:1954-1968, 1995
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• 2) Nattel S, Li D:Ionic remodeling in the heart; Pathophysiological significance and new therapeutic opportunities for atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 87:440-447, 2000
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• 3) Yamashita T, Murakawa Y, Hayami N, et al:Short-term effects of rapid pacing on mRNA level of voltage-dependent K+channels in rat atrium electrical remodeling in paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Circulation 101:2007-2014, 2000
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• 4) van Der Velden HMW, van der Zee L, Wijffels MC, et al:Atrial fibrillation in the goat induces changes in monophasic action potential and mRNA expression of ion channels involved in repolarization. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:1262-1269, 2000
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• 5) Grammer JB, Zeng X, Bosch RF, et al:Atrial L-type Ca2+-channel, beta-adrenorecptor, and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor mRNAs in human atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 96:82-90, 2001
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• 6) Grammer JB, Bosch RF, Kuhlkamp V, et al:Molecular remodeling of Kv4.3 potassium channels in human atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:626-633, 2000
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• 7) Brundel BJ, Van Gelder IC, Henning RH, et al:Alterations in potassium channel gene expression in atria of patients with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; Differential regulation of protein and mRNA levels for K+channels. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:926-932, 2001

• 8) Bosch RF, Zeng X, Grammer JB, et al:Ionic mechanisms of electrical remodeling in human atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 44:121-131, 1999
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• 9) Dobrev D, Graf E, Wettwer E, et al:Molecular basis of downregulation of G-protein-coupled inward rectifying K+current IK,ACh in chronic human atrial fibrillation; Decrease in GIRK4 mRNA correlates with reduced IK,ACh and muscarinic receptor-mediated shortening of action potentials. Circulation 104:2551-2557, 2001
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• 10) Lai LP, Su MJ, Lin JL, et al:Measurement of funny current (If) channel mRNA in human atrial tissue; Correlation with left atrial filling pressure and atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10:947-953, 1999
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• 11) van der Velden HM, Ausma J, Rook MB, et al:Gap junctional remodeling in relation to stabilization of atrial fibrillation in the goat. Cardiovasc Res 46:476-486, 2000
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• 12) Kostin S, Klein G, Szalay Z, et al:Structural correlate of atrial fibrillation in huln. an patients. Cardiovasc Res 54:361-379, 2002
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• 13) Dupont E, Ko Y, Rothery S, et al:The gap-junctional protein connexin40 is elevated in patients susceptible to postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circulation 103:842-849, 2001
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• 14) Polontchouk L, Haefliger JA, Ebelt B, et al:Effects of chronic atrial fibrillation on gap junction distribution in human and rat atria. J Am Coll Cardiol 38:883-891, 2001

• 15) Ohkusa T, Ueyama T, Yamada J, et al:Alterations in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ regulatory proteins in the atrial tissue of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:255-263, 1999
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• 16) Arndt M, Lendeckel U, Rocken C, et al:Altered expression of ADAMs (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) in fibrillating human atria. Circulation 105:720-725, 2002

• 17) Bouter SL, Demolombe S, Chambellan A, et al:Microarry analysis reveals complex remodeling of cardiac ion channel expression with altered thyroid status; Relation to cellular and integrated electrophysiology. Circ Res 92:234. 242, 2003

• 18) Tieleman RG, De Langen C, Van Gelder IC, et al:Verapamil reduces tachycardia-induced electrical remodeling of the atria. Circulation 95:1945-1953, 1997

• 19) Fareh S, Benardeau A, Thibault B, et al:The T-type Ca2+ channel blocker mibefradil prevents the development of a substrate for atrial fibrillation by tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling in dogs. Circulation 100:2191-2197, 1999

• 20) Nakashima H, Kumagai K, Urata H, et al:Angiotensin II antagonist prevents electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Circulation 101:2612. 2617, 2000

• 21) Shi Y, Li D, Tardif JC, et al:Enalapril effects on atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in experimental congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 54:456-461, 2002

• 22) Fan IQ, Chen B, Marsh JD:Transcriptional regulation of L. type calcium channel expression in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 32:1841-1849, 2000
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• 23) Guo W, Kamiya K, Yasui K, et al:alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists and IGF-1, myocardial hypertrophic factors, regulate the Kv1.5 K+ channel expression differentially in cultured newborn rat. Pflugers Arch 436:26-32, 1998
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• 24) Zhang TT, Takimoto K, Stewart AF, et al:Independent regulation of cardiac Kv4.3 potassium channel expression by angiotensin II and phenylephrine. Circ Res 88:476-482, 2001
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• 25) Pan J, Fukuda K, Saito M, et al:Mechanical stretch activates the JAK/STAT pathway in rat cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 84:1127-1136, 1999
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• 26) Cadre BM, Qi M, Eble DM, et al:Cyclic stretch down-regulates calcium transporter gene expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 30:2247-2259, 1998
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• 27) Chen YH, Xu SJ, Bendahhou S, et al:KCNQI gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation. Science 299:251-254, 2003

• 28) Li D, Fareh S, Leung TK, et al:Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs; Atrial remodeling of a different sort. Circulation 100:87-95, 1999
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• 29) Goette A, Staack T, Rocken C, et al:Increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in human atria during atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:1669-1677, 2000
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• 30) Goette A, Arndt M, Rocken C, et al:Regulation of angiotensin II receptor subtypes during atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation 101:2678-2681, 2000
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• 31) Yamashita T, Sakiguchi A, Sagara K, et al:Alcohol-induced atrial tachyarrhythmias; Molecular basis and effects of Na+ channel blockade. Circulation 106:II-180, 2002

• 32) Iwasaki Y, Yamashita T, Sekiguchi A, et al:Glucocorticoid induces atrial arrhythmogenesis via modification of ion channel gene expression in rats; Molecular evidence for stress-induced atrial fibrillation. Circ J 67 (Suppl. I):I-233, 2003

• 33) Yamashita T, Sekiguchi A, Iwasaki Y, et al:Circadian variation of cardiac K+ channel gene expression. Circulation 107:1917-1922, 2003
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• 34) Cai H, Li Z, Goette A, et al:Downregulation of endocardial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in atrial fibrillation; Potential mechanisms for atrial thrombosis and stroke. Circulation 106:2854-2858, 2002
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• 35) Sekiguchi A, Yamashita T, Iwasaki Y, et al:Decreased expression of thrombomodulin and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in rapidly-paced rat atria; Role of the endocardium. Circ J 67 (Suppl. I):I-504, 2003

4 イオンチャネルリモデリングと心室性不整脈

P.52 掲載の参考文献

• 1) The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators:Preliminary report; Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 321:406. 412, 1989

• 2) Members of the Sicilian Gambit:The search for novel antiarrhythmic strategies. Jpn Circ J 62:633-648, 1998

• 3) Tomaselli GF, Marban E:Electrophysiological remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 42:270. 283, 1999

• 4) Kleiman RB, Houser SR:Outward currents in normal and hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol 256:H1450-H1461, 1989
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• 5) Furukawa T, Bassett AL, Furukawa N, et al:The ionic mechanism of reperfusion-induced early afterdepolarizations in feline left ventricular hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 91:1521-1531, 1993
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• 6) Tomita F, Bassett AL, Myerberg RJ, et al:Diminished transient outward currents in rat hypertrophied ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 75:296-303, 1994

• 7) Yokoshiki H, Kohya T, Tomita F, et al:Restoration of action potential duration and transient outward current by regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 29:1331-1339, 1997
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• 8) Kohya T, Yokoshiki H, Tohse N, et al:Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy prevents ischemia-induced lethal arrhythmias; Beneficial effect of angiotensin II blockade. Circ Res 76:892-899, 1995
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• 9) Tsuji Y, Opthof T, Yasui K, et al:Ionic mechanisms of acquired QT prolongation and torsades de pointes in rabbits with chronic complete atrioventricular block. Circulation 106:2012-2018, 2002
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• 10) Cerbai E, Barbieri M, Mugelli A:Occurrence and properties of the hyperpolarization-activated current If in ventricular myocytes from normotensive and hypertensive rats during aging. Circulation 94:1674-1681, 1996
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• 11) Kaab S, Nuss HB, Chiamvilnonvat N, et al:Ionic mechanism of action potential prolongation in ventricular myocytes from dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. Circ Res 78:262-273, 1996
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• 12) Li G, Lau CP, Ducharme A, et al:Transmural action potential and ionic current remodeling in ventricles of failing canine hearts. Am J Physiol 283:H1031-H1041, 2002

• 13) Rozanski GJ, Xu Z, Whitney RT, et al:Electrophysiology of rabbit ventricular myocytes following sustained rapid ventricular pacing. J Mol Cell Cardiol 29:721-732, 1997
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• 14) Matsumoto Y, Aihara H, Yamauchi-Kohno R, et al:Long-term endothelin A receptor blockade inhibits electrical remodeling in cardiomyopathic hamsters. Circulation 106:613. 619, 2002

• 15) Beukelmann DJ, Nabauer M, Erdmann E:Alterations of K+ currents in isolated human ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure. Circ Res 73:379-385, 1992

• 16) Kaab S, Dixon J, Duc J, et al:Molecular basis of transient outward potassium current downregulation in human heart failure; Adecrease in Kv4.3 mRNA correlates with a reduction in current density. Circulation 98:1383-1393, 1998,

• 17) Lue WM, Boyden PA:Abnormal electrical properties of myocytes from chronically infracted canine heart; Alterations in Vmax and the transient outward current. Circulation 85:1175-1188, 1992

• 18) Yao JA, Jiang M, Fan JS, et al:Heterogenous change in K currents in rat ventricles three days after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 44:132-145, 1999

• 19) Qin D, zhang zH, caref EB, et al:cellular and ionic basis of arrhythmias in postinfarction remodeled ventricular myocardium. Circ Res 79:461-473, 1996
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• 20) Shimoni Y, Firek I, Severson D, et al:Short-term diabetes alters K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 74:620-628, 1994
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• 21) Tsuchida K, Watajima H:Potassium current in ventricular myocytes from genetically diabetic rats. Am J Physiol 273:E695-E700, 1997
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• 22) Cerbai E, Pino R, Porciatti F, et al:Characterization of the hyperpolarization-activated current, If, in ventricular myocytes from human failing hearts. Circulation 95:568-571, 1997
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• 23) Hoppe UC, Jansen E, Sudkamp M, et al:Hyperpolarization-activated inward current in ventricular myocytes from normal and failing human hearts. Circulation 97:55-65, 1998
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• 24) Wu Y, Roden DM, Anderson ME:Calmodulin kinase inhibition prevents development of the arrhythmogenic transient inward current. Circ Res 84:906-912, 1999
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• 25) Yu H, Gao J, Wang H, et al:Effects of the rennin-angiotensin system on the current in epicardial and endocardial ventricular myocytes from the canine heart. Circ Res 86:1062. 1068, 2000

• 26) Kuo HC, Cheng CF, Clark RB, et al:A defect in the Kv channel-interacting protein 2 (KchIP2) gene leads to a complete loss of Ito and confers susceptibility to ventricular tachy cardia. Cell 107:801-813, 2001

• 27) Nguyen T, Salibi EE, Rouleau JL:Postinfarction survival and inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias in the spontaneously hypertensive rat; Effects of ramipril and hydralazine. Circulation 98:2074-2080, 1998

• 28) Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, et al:The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 334:1349-1355, 1996
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• 29) Zhang LM, Wang Z, Nattel S:Effects of sustained B-adrenergic stimulation on ionic currents of cultured adult guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol 282:H880-H889, 2002

• 30) Reiken S, Gaburjakova M, Gaburlakova J, et al:B-Adrenergic receptor blockers restore cardiac calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) structure and function in heart failure. Circulation 104:2843-2848, 2001

• 31) Schlotthauer K, Bers DM:Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release causes myocyte depolarization; Underlying mechanism and threshold for triggered action potentials. Circ Res 87:774-780, 2000
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• 32) Xu Z, Patel KP, Rozanski GJ:Metabolic basis of decreased transient outward K+ current in ventricular myocytes from diabetic rats. Am J Physiol 271:H2190-H2196, 1996
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• 33) Shimoni Y, Rattner JB:Type 1 diabetes leads to cytoskeleton changes that are reflected in insulin action on rat cardiac K+ currents. Am J Physiol 281:E575-E585, 2001

• 34) Swynghedauw B:Molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling. Physiol Rev 79:215-261, 1999
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5 アンジオテンシンIIと不整脈

P.60 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 稲田義行:アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬の薬理学的性質. 医のあゆみ 181:413-417, 1997
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• 2) Inagami T:Angiotensin II receptor; Molecular cloning, functions, and regulation Hypertens Res 17:87-97, 1994

• 3) Matsubara H, Inada M:Molecular insights into angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors; Expression, signaling and physiological function and clinical application of its antagonists. Endocr J 45:137-150, 1998
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• 4) 松原弘明, 森泰清, 正木浩哉, 他:心. 血管. 腎疾患病態形成とレニン. アンジオテンシン系. Cardiogist 2:271-280, 1997

• 5) Hein L, Stevens ME, Barsh G, et al:Overexpression of angiotensin AT1 receptor transgene in the mouse myocardium produces a lethal phenotype associated with myocyte hypertrophy and heart block. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:6391. 6396, 1997

• 6) Matsubara H:Pathophysiological roles of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in cardiovascular and renal diseases. Circ Res 83:1182. 1191, 1998

• 7) Suzuki J, Matsubara H, Urakami M, et al:Rat angiotensin II (type 1A) receptor mRNA regulation and subtype expression in myocardial growth and hypertrophy. Circ Res 73:439-447, 1993
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• 8) Nio Y, Matsubara H, Murasawa S, et al:Regulation of gene transcription of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 95:46-54, 1995
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• 9) Nakajima M, Hutchinson HG, Fujinaga M, et al:The angiotensin II type 2 (AT1) antagonizes the growth effects of the AT1 receptor; Gain-of-function study using gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:10663-10667, 1995

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6 アミオダロンの最近の知見

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7 QT延長症候群と遺伝子異常

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8 QT延長症候群の臨床

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9 流出路起源心室頻拍-部位診断とアブレーションを中心に

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10 カテコラミン誘発性多形性心室頻拍

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11 特発性心室細動-Brugada症候群以外

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12 致死性不整脈の予知

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13 心房細動の治療-AFFIRM試験をどう考えるか

P.152 掲載の参考文献

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14 不整脈とQOL

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15 薬物療法か非薬物療法か?-発作性心房細動

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16 消極的治療か積極的治療か?-無症候性Brugada症候群

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17 心不全と両心室ペーシング

P.194 掲載の参考文献

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18 Automated external defibrillatorの臨床

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19 植え込み型除細動器と突然死

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