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序章 ステロイド骨粗鬆症の臨床的重要性

P.28 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Demartini, F., Grokoest, A. W., Ragan, C.:Pathological fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with cortisone. JAMA 149:750, 1952

• 2) 棟方昭博, 畑田康政, 八尾恒良:ステロイドホルモン副作用の定量的評価. (中間報告) 難治性炎症性腸管障害調査研究班平成6年研究報告書. 1995, pp.67-70

• 3) Manning, P. J., Evans, M. C., Reid, I. R.:Normal bone mineral density following cure of Cushing's syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol. 36:229-234, 1992
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• 4) Hermus, A. R., Huysmans, D. A., Smals, A. G. et al:Remarkable improvement of osteopenia after cure of Cushing's syndrome. Horm. Metab. Res. 26:209-210, 1994
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• 5) Adinoff, A. D., Hollister, J. R.:Steroid-induced fractures and bone loss in patients with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 309:265-268, 1983
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• 6) Reid, I. R., Evans, M. C., Wattie, D. J. et al.:Bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients. Osteoporos. Int. 2:103-105, 1992
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• 7) Reid, I. R., Stuart, W. H.:Determinants of vertebral mineral density in patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. 150:2545-2548, 1990

• 8) Reid, I. R., Evans, M. C., Stapleton, J.:Lateral spine densitometry is a more sensitive indicator of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. J. Bone Miner. Res. 7:1221, 1992
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• 9) Sambrook, P., Birmingham, J., Kelly, P. et al.:Prevention of corticosteroid osteoporosis. A comparison of calcium, calcitriol, and calcitonin. N. Engl. J. Med. 328:1747-1752, 1993
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• 10) Struys, A., Snelder, A. A., Mulder, H.:Cyclical etidronate reverses bone loss of the spine and proximal femur in patients with established corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Am. J. Med. 99:235-242, 1995
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• 11) Lems, W. F., Gerrits, M. I., Jacobs J. W. G. et al.:Changes in markers of bone metabolism during high dose corticosteroid pulse treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 55:288-293, 1996

• 12) Morrison, N. A. Shine, J., Fragonas, J. C. et al.:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-responsive element and glucocorticoid repression in the osteocalcin gene. Science 264:1158, 1989

• 13) Centrella, M., McCarthy, T. L., Canalis, E.:Glucocorticoid regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 activity and binding in osteoblast-enrichd cultures from fetal rat bone. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3390-3396, 1991

• 14) Caputo, C. B., Meadows, D., Frisz, L. G.:Failure of estrogens and androgens to inhibit bone resorption in tissue culture. Endocrinology 98:1065-1068, 1976

• 15) Gronowicz, G., McCarthy, M. B., Raisz, L. G.:Glucocorticoids stimulate resorption in fetal rat parietal bones in vitro. J. Bone Miner. Res. 5:1223-1230, 1990
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• 16) Tohmon, M., Fukae, M., Kishihara, M. et al.:Effect of glucocorticoid administration on intestinal, renal and cerebellar calbindin-D28K chicks. J. Bone Miner. Res. 3:325-331, 1988

• 17) Reid, I. R., Ibberston, H. K.:Evidence for decreased tubular reabsorption of calcium in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatics. Horm. Res. 27:200-204, 1987

• 18) Doerr, P., Pirke, K. M.:Cortisol-induced suppression of plasma testosterone in normal adult males. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43:622-629, 1976

• 19) Michel, B. A., Bloch, D. A., Wolfe, F., Fries, J. F.:Fracture in rheumatoid arthritis:an evaluation of associated risk factors. J. Rheumatol. 20:1666-1669, 1993
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• 20) Michel, B. A., Bloch, D. A., Fries, J. F.:Predictor of fractures in early rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 18:804-808, 1991
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• 21) 折茂肇, 杉岡洋一, 福永仁夫ほか:原発性骨粗鬆症の診断基準 (1996年改訂版). 日本骨代謝学会誌 14:219-233, 1997

• 22) Luengo, M., Picado, C., Del Rio, L. et al.:Vertebral fractures in steroid dependent asthma and involutional osteoporosis:acomparative study. Thorax 46:803-806, 1991

• 23) Cooper, C., Coupland, C., Mitchell, M.:Rheumatoid arthritis, corticosteroid therapy and hip fracture. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 54:49-52, 1995
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• 24) Shane, E, Rivas, M., Staron, R. B. et al.:Fracture after cardiac transplantation:aprospective longitudinal study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81:1740-1746, 1996

第I章 グルココルチコイドの骨代謝に及ぼす影響

P.39 掲載の参考文献

• 1) American College of Rheumatology Task force on Osteoporosis Guideline:Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum. 39:1791-1801, 1996
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• 2) Saag, K. G., Koehanke, R., Caldwell, J. R. et al:Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis; an analysis of serious adverse effects. Am. J. Med. 96:115-123, 1994

• 3) 名和田新, 高柳涼一, 柳瀬敏彦, 生山祥一朗:副腎皮質ステロイド過剰による骨変化の分子機構. 分子骨代謝学と骨粗鬆症. 松本俊夫編, メディカルレビュー社, 東京, 1996, pp. 261-270

• 4) Huizenga, N. A. T. M., Koper, J. W.:A polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene may be associated with an increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids in vivo. N. Engl. J. Med. 83:144-151, 1998

• 5) Canalis, E.:Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action in bone; implications to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81:3441-3447, 1996

• 6) 高柳涼一, 名和田新:グルココルチコイドとカルシウム代謝. Clinical calcium 2:53-57, 1992

• 7) 名和田新, 生山祥一朗, 後藤公宣ほか:内科医からみた慢性関節リウマチにおけるステロイドの功罪. 整形外科 34:30-36, 1998

• 8) Nawata, H., Tanaka, S., Takayanagi, R. et al:Aromatase in bone cell:association with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 53:165-174, 1995
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• 9) 名和田新, 田中誠一:副腎アンドロゲンの骨粗鬆症における役割. 医学のあゆみ 165:538-541, 1993
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第II章 ステロイド骨粗鬆症の診断

P.51 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 山本吉藏:骨粗鬆症のX線診断. 東京, ライフサイエンス出版, 1997, pp.8-17

• 2) Maldague, B., Malghem, J., deDeuxchainsnes, C. N.:Radiologic aspects of glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol 171:155-190, 1984

• 3) Reid, I. R.:Glucocorticoid osteoporosis-mechanism and management. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 137:209-217, 1997
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• 4) 森永伊昭, 木村政一, 家永敏樹, 樋口和束:骨盤のInsufficiency fractureの臨床的検討. 整形外科と災害外科 40:219-228, 1997

• 5) Wang, C. C., Robbins, L. L.:Cushing's disease:its roentgenographic findings. Radiology 67:17-25, 1956
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• 6) Murray, R. O.:Radiological bone changes in Cushing's syndrome and steroid therapy. Brit. J. Radiol. 33:1-19, 1960
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• 7) Howland, W. J., Pugh, D. G., Sprague, R. G.:Roentgenologic changes of the skeletal system in Cushing's syndrome. Radiology 71:69-78, 1958
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• 8) 萩野浩:成長期の梼骨骨量評価に関する研究. 日本整形外科学会雑誌 63:45-58, 1989

• 9) 二ノ宮節夫:特発性大腿骨頭壊死の疫学. 整形外科MOOK 24:1-6, 1982

• 10) 坂本雅昭:MRIスクリーニングによるステロイド性骨壊死のProspective Study. 日本整形外科学会雑誌 68:367-378, 1994
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P.59 掲載の参考文献

• 1) American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines:Treatment of steroid-induced osteoporosis; Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis, Rheum. 39:1791-1801, 1996

• 2) Johnston, C. C. Jr., Melton, L. J. m, Lindsay, R., Eddy, D. M.:Clinical indications for bone mass measurements:a report from the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J. Bone Miner Res. 4 (suppl.2):1-28, 1989

• 3) Miller, P. D., Bonnick, S. L, Rosen, C. J. et al.:Clinical utility of bone mass measurements in adults:consensus of an international panel. The Society for Clinical Densitometry. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 25:361-372, 1996

• 4) Genant, H. K., Engelke, K., Fuerst, T. et al.:Noninvasive assessment of bone mineral and structure:state of the art. J. Bone Miner. Res. 11:707-730, 1996

• 5) 浜中恭代, 山本逸雄, 今本喜久子ほか:超音波による踵骨骨量測定に関する基礎的研究-剖検摘出骨を用いて- 日本医学放射線学会雑誌 58:137-144, 1998

• 6) Gluer, C. C.:Quantitative ultrasound techniques for the assessment of osteoporosis:expert agreement on current status. The International Quantitative Ultrasound Consensus Group. J. Bone Miner. Res. 12:1280-1288, 1997

• 7) Laan, R. F., Buijs, W. C., van E. L., Lemmens, J. A. et al.:Differential effects of glucocorticoids on cortical appendicular and cortical vertebral bone mineral content. Calcif. Tissue Int. 52:5-9, 1993

• 8) 友光達志:信頼性のよい骨塩定量を行うには. 森田陸司監, 福永仁夫編「骨粗鬆症と骨塩定量-DXAによる骨塩定量」メディカルレビュー社, 東京, 1994, pp.32-39

• 9) 折茂肇, 杉岡洋一, 福永仁夫ほか:原発性骨粗鬆症の診断基準 (1996年度改訂版) Osteoporos. Jap. 4:643-652, 1996

• 10) Adinoff, A. D., Hollister, J. R.:Steroid-induced fractures and bone loss in patients with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 309:265-268, 1983
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• 11) Verstraeten, A., Dequeker, J.:Vertebral and peripheral bone mineral content and fracture evidence in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis:effect of low dose corticosteroids. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 45:852-857, 1986

• 12) Saag, K. G., Koehnke, R., Caldwell, J. R. et al.:Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis:an analysis of serious adverse events. Am. J. Med. 96:115-123, 1994
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• 13) Brandli, D. W., Golde, G., Greenwald, M., Silverman, S. L.:Glucocorticoid-induced osteoprosis:a cross-sectional study. Steroids 56:518-523, 1991

• 14) Blanckaert, F., Cortet, B., Coquerelle, P. et al.:Contribution of calcaneal ultrasonic assessment to the evaluation of postmenopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rev. Rhum. Engl Ed. 64:305-313, 1997

• 15) Magaro, M., Tricerri, A., Piane, D. et al.:Generalized osteoporosis in non-steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol. Int. 11:73-76, 1991
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• 16) Kalla, A. A., Fataar, A. B., Jessop, S. J., Bewerunge, L.:Loss of trabecular bone mineral density in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 36:1726-1734, 1993
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• 17) Kroger, H., Honkanen, R., Saarikoski, S., Alhava, E.:Decreased axial bone mineral density in perimenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis-a population based study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 53:18-23, 1994
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• 18) 夏井耕之, 田中清, 福島光夫ほか:ステロイド使用患者における全身の骨塩量および体組織の変化 (DEXAによる評価). 日本骨代謝学会雑誌 12(2):309 (抄), 1994
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• 19) 山本逸雄, 游逸明, 森田陸司:スポーツと骨量, 七川歓次監「リューマチ病セミナー」永井書店, 大阪, 1995, pp.125-132

P.69 掲載の参考文献

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• 2) 市川陽一, 鈴木康夫, 山田秀裕:ステロイド療法と骨粗鬆症. 図説整形外科診断治療講座8 骨粗鬆症. メジカルビュー社, pp.146-153

• 3) Caniggia, A., Nuti, R., Lore, F. et al.:Pathophysiology of the adverse effects of glucoactive corticosteroids on calcium metabolism in man. J. Steroid biochem. 15:153-161, 1981

• 4) Gennari, C., Nuti, R.:Complications of corticosteroid therapy. Advances in corticosteroids. (Christiansen, C., Krane, S. eds) Adis International Langhorne, 1993, pp.39-51

• 5) Gray, R. E., Doherty, S. M., Galloway, J. et al.:A double-blind study of deflazacort and prednisone in patient with chronic inflammatory disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 34:287-295, 1991

• 6) Suzuki, Y., Ichikawa, Y., Saito, E. et al.:Importance of increased calcium excretion in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism of patients under glucocorticoid therapy. Metabolism 32:151-156, 1983
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• 7) Lukert, B. P., Adams, J. S.:Calcium and Phosphorus homeostasis in man:effect of corticosteroids. Arch. Intern. Med. 136:1249-1253, 1976
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• 8) Fucik, R. F, Kukreja, S. C., Hargis, G. K. et al.:Effect of glucocorticoids on function of the parathyroid glands in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 40:152-155, 1975

• 9) 鈴木康夫:糖質コルチコイド誘発骨粗鬆症の発症機序並びに治療に関する研究. 日本内分泌学会誌 59:918-937, 1983

• 10) Seeman, E., Kumar, R., Hunder, G. G. et al.:Production, degradation, and circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in health and in chronic glucocorticoid excess. J. Clin. Invest. 66:664-669, 1980
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• 13) Godschalk, M. F., Downs, R. W.:Effect of short-term glucocorticoids on serum osteocalcin in healthy young men. J. Bone Miner. Res. 3:113-115, 1988

• 14) Lukert, B. P., Higgins, J. C., Stoskopf, M. M.:Serum osteocalcin is increased in patients with hyperthyroidism and decreased in patients receiving glucocorticoids. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 62:1056-1058, 1986
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• 15) Peretz, A. P., Praet, J.-P., Bosson, D. et al.:Serum osteocalcin in the assessment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Effect of long and short term corticosteroid treatment. J. Rheumatol. 16:363-367, 1989
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• 16) Oikarinen, A., Autio, P., Vuori, J. et al.:Systemic glucocorticoid treatment decreases serum concentrations of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen and aminoterminal prope-ptide of type III procollagen. Brit. J. Dermatol. 126:172-178, 1992

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• 22) Suzuki, Y., Irimajiri, S., Mizushima, Y. et al.:Does administration of la-hydroxyvitamin D3 prevent decrease in serum osteocalcin level after initiation of glucocorticoid thrapy? J. Bone Miner. Res. 6(suppl):S246, 1991

• 23) Nielsen, H. K., Brixen, K., Kassem, M. et al.:Acute effect of 1,25-dihydrxyvitamin D3, prednisone, and 1,25-dihydrxyvitamin D3 plus prednisone on serum osteocalcin in normal individuals. J. Bone Miner. Res. 6:435-441, 1991

• 24) Adami, S., Rossini, M.:Anabolic steroids in corticosteroid induced osteoporosis. Wien. med. Wochenschr. Suppl. 143:395-397, 1993

第III章 ステロイド骨粗鬆症の治療

P.82 掲載の参考文献

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P.88 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 冨田明夫:続発性骨粗鬆症と対策-グルココルチコイド過剰症. 日本臨床 56:1574-1578, 1998

• 2) Frost, H. M.:The mechanostat:A proposed pathogenic mechanism of osteoporosis and the bone mass effects of mechanical and non mechanical agents. Bone Miner. 2:73-85, 1987

• 3) Aloia, J. F., Cohn, S. H., Ostuni, J. A. et al.:Prevention of Involutional bone loss by exercise. Ann. Intern. Med. 89:356-358, 1978
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• 5) Sinaki, M., Offord, K. P.:Physical activity in postmenopausal women:effect on back muscle strength and bone mineral density of the spine. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 69:277-280, 1980

• 6) 乗松尋道:老人骨折の予防に関する研究-運動と栄養指導の効果. 長寿科学総合研究 4:580-583, 1995

P.96 掲載の参考文献

• 1) American college of rheumatology task force on osteoporosis guidelines. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum. 39:1791-1801, 1996
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• 2) Godschalk, M. F., Downs, R. W.:Effect of short-term glucocorticoids on serum osteocalcin in healthy young men. J. Bone Miner. Res. 3:113-115, 1988

• 3) LoCascio, V., Bonnucci, E., Imbimbo, B. et al.:Bone loss in response to long-term glucocorticoid therapy. J Bone Miner. 8:39-51, 1992

• 4) Adachi, D. J., Bensen, W. B., Brown, J. et al.:Intermittent etidoronate therapy to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 337:382-387, 1997

• 5) Gertz, B. J., Shao, P., Hanson, D. A. et al.:Monitoring bone resorption in early postmenopausal women by an immunoassay for cross-linked collagen peptides in urine. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 9:135-142, 1994

• 6) Sambrook, P., Birmingham, J., Kelly, P. et al.:Prevention of corticosteroid osteoporosis:a comparison of calcium, calcitoriol, and calcitonin. N. Engl. J. Med. 328:1747-1752, 1993

• 7) Knapen, M. H., Hamulyak, K., Vermeer, C.:The effect of vitamin K supplementation on circulating osteocalcin (Bone Gla protein) and urinary calcium excreation. Ann. Int. Med. 111:1001-1005, 1989

• 8) Hara, K., Akiyama, Y., Ohkawa, I. et al.:Effects of menatetrenone on predonisolon-induced bone loss in rats. Bone 14:813-818, 1993

• 9) Healey, J. H., Paget, S. A., William, R. P. et al.:A randomised controlled trial of salmone calcitonin to prevent bone loss in corticosteroid-treated temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Calcif. Tissue, Int. 58:73-80, 1996

• 10) Eastell, R., Devogelaer, J. P., Peel, N. F. A. et al.:A double-blind placebo-controlled study to determine the effects of residoronate on bone loss in glucocorticoid-treated rheumatoid arthritis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 11:1812 (Abstr. 03), 1998

• 11) Reid, I. R., Heap, S. W., King, A. R. et al.:Two-year follow up of bisphosphonate (APD) treatment in steroid osteoporosis. Lancet 2:1143-1145, 1988

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• 14) Adams, J. S., Wahl, T. O., Lukert, B. P.:Effects of hydrochlorothiazide and dietary sodium restriction on calcium metabolism in corticosteroid treated patients. Metabolism 30:217-221, 19

第IV章 各領域におけるステロイド骨粗鬆症の予防と治療

P.107 掲載の参考文献

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• 6) Adinoff, A. D., Hollister, J. R.:Steroid-induced fractures and bone loss in patients with asthma. N. Eng. J. Med. 309 (5):265-268, 1983

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• 10) Ito, S., Nozawa, S., Ishikawa, H. et al.:Renal stone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 24 (11):2123-2128, 1997
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• 12) Adachi, J. D., Cranney, A., Goldsmith, C. H. et al.:Intermittent cyclic therapy with etidronate in the prevention of corticosteroid induced bone loss. J. Rheumatol. 21 (10):1922-1926, 1994

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• 14) Eggelmeijer, F., Papapoulos, S. E., van Paassen, H. C. et al.:Increased bone mass with pami-dronate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 39 (3):396-402, 1996

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第V章 ステロイド骨粗鬆症

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