書籍詳細

Chapter1 薬理作用

P.30 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Cattarall WA:Structure and function of voltage-gated ion channels. Annu Rev Biochem 65:493-531, 1995

• 2) Cattarall WA:Structure and regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 16:521-555, 2000

• 3) Ertel EA, Champbell KP, Harpold MM et al:Nomenclature of voltage-gated calcium channels. Neuron 25:533-535, 2000

• 4) Heady TN, Gomora JC, Macdonald TL, Perez-Reyes E:Molecular pharmacology of T-type Ca2+ Channels. Jpn J Pharmacol 85:339-350, 2001
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• 5) The IUPHAR compendium of voltage-gated Ion Channels. 2002

Chapter2 臨床からみた分類

P.39 掲載の参考文献

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• 2) Fleckenstein A:History of calcium antagonists. Circ Res 52 (Suppl I) :3-16, 1983

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• 4) Singh BN:The mechanism of action of calcium antagonists relative to their clinical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 21 (Suppl 2) :109S-121S, 1986

• 5) Moss AJ, Oakes D, Rubison M et al:Effects of diltiazem on longterm outcome after acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without a history of systemic hypertension. The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group. Am J Cardiol 68:429-433, 1991

Chapter3 病態と治療(合併症を含む)

P.56 掲載の参考文献

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• 2) Gorelick PB, Sacco RL, Smith DB et al:Prevention of a first stroke:a review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association. JAMA 281:1112-1120, 1999

• 3) Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K et al:Primary prevention of ischemic stroke:A statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of theAmerican Heart Association. Stroke 32:280-299, 2001

• 4) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン2000年版 (JSH2000) . 日本高血圧学会, 東京, 2000

• 5) 藤島正敏:脳血管障害の位置づけと脳卒中学 (Strokology) . 脳卒中 19:421-425, 1997
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• 6) Warlow C:Secondary prevention of stroke. Lancet 339:724-727, 1992
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• 7) Hypertension, Detection, and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group:I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. JAMA 242:2562-2571, 1979

• 8) Meissner I, Whisnant JP, Garraway WM:Hypertension management and stroke recurrence in a community (Rochester, Minnesota, 1950-79) . Stroke 19:459-463, 1988

• 9) PATS Collaborating group:Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. Chin Med J 108:710-717, 1995

• 10) The INDANA project collaborators:Effect of antihypertensive treatment in patients having already suffered from stroke:Gathering the evidence. Stroke 28:2557-2562, 1997
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• 11) PROGRESS Collaborative Group:Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Lancet 358:1033-1041, 2001
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• 12) PROGRESS Management Committee:PROGRESS-Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study:characteristics of the study population at baseline. J Hypertens 17:1647-1655, 1999

• 13) 松本昌泰, 桑原敬介, 鎌田武信ほか:Ca拮抗薬の脳保護作用. 血圧 2:663-668, 1995
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• 14) Cai H, Yao H, Ibayashi S et al:Amlodipine, a Ca2+ channel antagonist, modifies cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 13:103-106, 1996

• 15) Gong L, Zhang W, Zhu Y et al:Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly (Stone) . J Hypertens 14:1237-1245, 1996

• 16) Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al:Randomised double-blind camparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 350:757-764, 1997

• 17) Alderman MH, Cohen H, Roque R et al:Effect of long-acting and short-acting calcium antagonists on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. Lancet 349:594-598, 1997
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• 18) 松本昌泰:頸動脈硬化度の評価. 動脈硬化予防 2 (2) :22-27, 2003

• 19) Pitt B, Byington RP, Furberg CD et al:Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. PREVENT Investigators. Circulation 102:1503-1510, 2000
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• 20) Simon A, Gariepy J, Moyse D et al:Differential effects of nifedipine and co-amilozide on the progression of early carotid wall changes. Circulation 103:2949-2954, 2001
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• 21) Zanchetti A, Bond MG, Hennig M et al:Calcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis:principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trial. Circulaion 106:2422-2427, 2002

• 22) 松本昌泰, 柳原武信:カルシウム・フリーラジカルによる神経細胞死の機序. 神経細胞死制御. (三須良實, 赤池昭紀編) 医歯薬出版, 東京, 1998, pp102-109

• 23) Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA et al:Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 352:1347-1351, 1998
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• 24) Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA et al:The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment:new evidence from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study., Arch Intern Med 162:2046-2052, 2002
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• 25) Neal B, MacMahon S, Chapman N et al:Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs:results of prospectively designed overviews of randomisedtrials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Lancet 356:1955-1964, 2000

• 26) The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group:Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic:The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) . JAMA 288:2981-2997, 2002
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• 27) Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG et al:Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension:principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomisedtrial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 351:1755-1762, 1998

• 28) Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al:The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure:the JNC 7 report. JAMA 289:2560-2572, 2003
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• 29) Guidelines Committee:2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 21:1011-1053, 2003

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• 2) Pristipino C, Beltrame JF, Finocchiaro ML et al:Major racial differences in coronary constrictor response between Japanese and caucasians with recent myocardial infarction. Circulation 101:1102-1108, 2000
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• 3) The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group:The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 319:385-392, 1988

• 4) VA Cooperative Study Group on Hypertensive Agents:Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. JAMA 213:1143-1152, 1970

• 5) Elkayam U, Amin J, MehraA et al:A prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to compare the efficacy and safety of chronic nifedipine therapy with that of isosorbide dinitrate and their combination in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation 82:1954-1961, 1990

• 6) The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group:The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 319:385-392, 1988

• 7) Cohn JN, Ziesche S, Smith R et al. Effect of the calciumant agonist felodipine as supplementary vasodilator therapy in patients with chronic heart failure treated with enalapril:V-HeFT III. Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial (V-HeFT) Study Group. Circulation 96:856-863, 1997

• 8) Packer M, O'Connor CM, Ghali JK et al:Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group.N Engl J Med 335:1107-1114, 1996

• 9) Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L et al:Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 350:757-764, 1997
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• 10) Gong L, Zhang W, Zhu Y et al:Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly (STONE) . J Hypertens 14:1237-1245, 1996

• 11) Shaffer EM, Rocchini AP, Spicer RL et al:Effects of verapamil on left ventricular diastolic filling in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 61:413-417, 1988
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• 12) Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C et al:Prognostic significance of serial changes in left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Circulation 97:48-54, 1998
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• 13) Devereux RB, Palmieri V, Sharpe N et al:Effects of once-daily angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and calcium channel blockade-based antihypertensive treatment regimens on left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic filling in hypertension:the prospective randomized enalapril study evaluating regression of ventricular enlargement (preserve) trial. Circulation 104:1248-1254, 2001
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• 14) Devereux RB, Palmieri V, Sharpe N et al:Effects of once-daily angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and calcium channel blockade-based antihypertensive treatment regimens on left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic filling in hypertension:the prospective randomized enalapril study evaluating regression of ventricular enlargement (preserve) trial. Circulation 104:1248-1254, 2001
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• 15) Gottdiener JS, Reda DJ, Massie BM et al:Effect of single-drug therapy on reduction of left ventricular mass in mild to moderate hypertension:comparison of six antihypertensive agents. The Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Groupon Anti-hypertensive Agents. Circulation 95:2007-2014, 1997

• 16) Zhang X, Hintze TH:Amlodipine releases nitric oxide from canine coronary microvessels:an unexpected mechanism of action of a calcium channel-blocking agent. Circulation 97:576-580, 1998
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• 17) Kitakaze M, Node K, Minamino T et al:A Ca channel blocker, benidipine, increases coronary blood flow and attenuates the severity of myocardial ischemia via NO-dependent mechanisms in dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:242-249, 1999

• 18) Kitakaze M, Asanuma H, Takashima S et al:Nifedipine-induced coronary vasodilation in ischemic hearts is attributable to brady-kinin-and NO-dependent mechanisms in dogs. Circulation 101:311-317, 2000

• 19) Mason RP, Leeds PR, Jacob RF et al:Inhibition of excessive neuronal apoptosis by the calcium antagonist amlodipine and antioxidants in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurochem 72:1448-1456, 1999

• 20) Simon A, Gariepy J, Moyse D et al:Differential effects of nifedipine and co-amilozide on the progression of early carotid wall changes. Circulation 103:2949-2954, 2001
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P.82 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Takenaka T, Suzuki H, Ikenaga H et al:Effects of a calcium channel blocker, nicardipine, on pressure-natriuresis in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 16:77-88, 1994
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• 2) Ikenaga H, Suzuki H, Saruta T:Effects of manidipine on blood pressure and renal function in salt-loaded, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood Press Suppl 3:75-79, 1992
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• 3) Christensen PK, Akram K, Konig KB, Parving H-H:Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes during isradipine therapy. Diabetes Care 26:156-162, 2003
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• 4) Ligtenberg G, Blankestijn PJ, Oey PL et al:Reduction of sympathetic hyperactivity by enalapril in patients with chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med 340:1321-1328, 1999
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• 5) Hayashi K, Epstein M, Saruta T:Altered myogenic responsiveness of the renal microvasculature in experimental hypertension. J Hypertens 14:1387-1401, 1996
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• 6) Suzuki H:Treatment of hypertension in chronic renal insufficiency. Intern Med 39:773-777, 2000
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• 7) Suzuki H, Moriwaki K, Kanno Y et al:Comparison of the effects of an ACE inhibitor and α1β blocker on the progression of renalfailure with left ventricular hypertrophy:preliminary report. Hypertens Res 24:153-158, 2001

• 8) Kumagai H, Hayashi K, Kumamaru H, Saruta T:Amlodipine is comparable to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for longterm renoprotection in hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction:a one-year, prospective, randomized study. Am J Hypertens 13:980-985, 2000
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• 9) Hayashi K, Kumagai H, Saruta T:Effect of efonidipine and ACE inhibitors on proteinuria in human hypertension with renal impairment. Am J Hypertens 16:116-122, 2003
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• 10) Suzuki H, Kanno Y, Ikeda N et al:Selection of the dose of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for patients with diabetic nephropathy depends on the presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertens Res 25:865-873, 2002
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• 11) Suzuki H:Evidence for the benefits of ACE inhibitors and A II antagonists in slowing progressive renal failure in diabetes. Nippon Rinsho 60 (Suppl 10) :S323-S328, 2002

• 12) Suzuki H:Large scale clinical trials in prevention of end-stage renal disease due to type 2 diabetes with angiotensin receptor antagonists. Nippon Rinsho 60:2040-2044, 2002
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• 13) Herlitz H, Harris K, Risler T et al:The effects of an ACE inhibitor and a calcium antagonist on the progression of renaldisease:the Nephros Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16:2158-2165, 2001

P.91 掲載の参考文献

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• 2) Lichtlen PR, Hugenholtz PG, Rafflenbeul W et al:Retardation of angiographic progression of coronary artery disease by nifedipine. Results of the international nifedipine trial on antiatherosclerotic therapy (INTACT) . Lancet 335:1109-1113, 1990
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• 3) Pitt B, Byington RP, Furberg CD et al:Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. Circulation 102:1503-1510, 2000
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• 4) Nakao J, Ito H, Ooyama T et al:Calcium dependency of aortic smooth muscle cell migration induced by 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. Atherosclerosis 46:309-319, 1983
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• 5) Nilsson J, Sjolund M, Palmberg L et al:The calcium antagonist nifedipine inhibits arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Atherosclerosis 58:109-122, 1985
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• 6) Jackson CL, Bush RC, Bowyer DE:Inhibitory effects of calcium antagonists on balloon catheter-induced arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and lesion size. Atherosclerosis 69:115-122, 1988
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• 7) Jorgensen B, Thaulow E:Coronary Angioplasty Amlodipine Restenosis Study. Effects of amlodipine on ischemia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty:secondary rcsults of the Coronary Angioplasty Amlodipine Restenosis (CAPARES) Study., Am Heart J 145:1030-1035, 2003

• 8) Henry PD, Bently KI:Suppression of atherogenesis in cholesterolfed rabbit treated with nifedipine. J Clin Invest 68:1366-1369, 1981

• 9) Blumlein SL, Sievers R, Kidd P et al:Mechanism of protection from atherosclerosis by verapamil in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Am J Cardiol 54:884-889, 1984
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• 10) Frielingsdorf J, Seiler C, Kaufmann P et al:Normalization of abnormal coronary vasomotion by calcium antagonists inpatients with hypertension. Circulation 93:1380-1387, 1996

• 11) The ENCORE Investigators:Effect of Nifedipine and Cerivastatin on Coronary Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease The ENCORE I Study (Evaluation of Nifedipine and Cerivastatin On Recovery of coronary Endothelial function) . Circulation 107:422-428, 2003
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• 12) Heizer T, Schlinzig T, Krohn K et al:Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation 104:2673-2678, 2001

• 13) Mugge A, Peterson T, Harrison DG:Release of nitrogen oxides from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells is not impaired by calcium channel antagonists. Circulation 83:1401-1409, 1991

• 14) Zhang X, Hintze T:Amlodipine releases nitric oxide from canine coronary microvessels. An unexpected mechanism of action of a calcium channel-blocking agent. Circulation 97:576-580, 1998
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• 15) Berkels R, Egink G, Marsen TA et al:Nifedipine increases endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability by antioxidative mechanisms. Hypertension 37:240-245, 2001
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• 16) Yang J, Fukuo K, Morimoto S et al:Pranidipine enhances the action of nitric oxide released from endothelial cells. Hypertension 35:82-85, 2000
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• 17) Vergnani L, Hatrik S, Ricci F et al:Effect of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein on endothelial nitric oxide and superoxide production:key role of L-arginine availability. Circulation 101:1261-1266, 2000
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P.100 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン2000年版. 日本高血圧学会

• 2) American Diabetes Association:Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 25:S71-S89, 2002

• 3) Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al:The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure:The JNC 7. JAMA 289:2560-2572, 2003
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• 4) Guideline Committee:2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 21:1011-1053, 2003

• 5) Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG et al:Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension:principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomized trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 351:1755-1762, 1998

• 6) Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR et al:Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 345:851-860, 2001
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• 7) ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group:Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) . JAMA 288:2981-2997, 2002
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• 8) Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhager WH et al:Effects of calcium-channel blocker in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. N Engl J Med 340:677-684, 1999
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• 9) Kosegawa I, Inaba M, Morita T et al:Effect of thevasodilatory β-blocker, nipradilol, and Ca-antagonist, barnidipine, on insulin sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 20:751-761, 1998

• 10) Yagi S, Goto S, Yamamoto T et al:Effect of cilnidipine on insulin sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 26:383-387, 2003
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• 11) Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A et al:Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with along-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the International Nifedipine GITS study:Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT).Lancet 356:366-372, 2000
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P.110 掲載の参考文献

• 1) National Education Programs Working Group report on the management of patients with hypertension and high blood cholesterol. Ann lntern Med 114:224-237, 1991

• 2) Matsuzawa Y, Itakura H, Kita T et al:Design and baseline characteristics of a cohort study in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia:The Japan Lipid Intervension Trial (J-LIT) . Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 61:219-243, 2000

• 3) Kannel WB:Some lessons in cardiovascular epidemiology from Framingham. Am J Cardiol 37:269-282, 1976
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• 4) Agata J, Miyazaki Y, Takada M et al:Association of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia with disturbed lipid metabolism in patient with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 21:57-62, 1998
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• 5) Kjeldsen SE, Rostrup M, Moan A et al:The sympathetic nervous system may modulate the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc, Pharmacol 20 (Suppl 8) :S32-S39, 1992

• 6) Lithell HO:Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and the treatment of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 9:150S-154S, 1996
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• 7) Harada N, Ohnaka M, Sakamoto S et al:Cilnidipine improves insulin sensitivity in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat, a model of spontaneous NIDDM. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 13:519-523, 1999

• 8) Fukuzawa M, Satoh J, Ohta S et al:Modulation of tumor necrosis factor-α production with anti-hypertensive drugs. Immunopharmacology 48:65-74, 2000

• 9) Harano Y, Kageyama A, Omae T et al:Improvement of insulin sensitivity for glucose metabolism with the long-acting Ca channel blocker amlodipine in essential hypertensive subjects. Metabolism 44:315-319, 1995

• 10) Lender D, Arauz-Pacheco C, Breen L et al:A double blind comparison of the effects of amlodipine and enalapril on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 12:298-303, 1999

• 11) 福岡将匡, 島本和明, 飯村攻:本態性高血圧患者におけるCa拮抗薬 (塩酸マニジピン) の血圧, インスリン感受性ならびに高インスリン血症の腎Na代謝, 昇圧系作用に及ぼす影響. 札幌医誌 65:323-332, 1996

• 12) Kageyama S, Yamamoto J, Mimura A et al:Comparison of effects of nicardipine and trichlormethiazide on insulinsensitivity in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 7:474-477, 1994

• 13) de Courten M, Ferrari P, Schneider M et al:Lack of effect of longterm amlodipine on insulin sensitivity and plasma insulin in obese patients with essential hypertension. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 44:457-462, 1993
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• 15) 中島譲, 日高秀樹, 河盛隆造ほか:本態性高血圧症におけるベシル酸アムロジピンの糖・脂質代謝に及ぼす影響. Jpn Pharmacol Ther 19:3205-3219, 1991

P.119 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 荻原俊男ほか:老年者の高血圧治療ガイドライン1995 (長寿科学総合研究班試案).日老医誌 33:945-975, 1995

• 2) 日和田邦男, 荻原俊男, 松岡博昭ほか:老年者の高血圧治療ガイドライン-1999年改訂版-. 日老医誌 36:576-603, 1999

• 3) 荻原俊男ほか:老年者の高血圧治療ガイドライン-2002年改訂版-. 日老医誌 39:322-351, 2002

Chapter4 EBM

P.128 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Staessen JA, Tagard R, Thijs L et al:Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 350:757-764, 1997

• 2) Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhager WH et al:Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. N Engl J Med 340:677-684, 1999
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• 3) Gong L, Zhang W, Zhu Y et al:Shanghai trial of nifedipine in the elderly (STONE) . J Hypertens 14:1237-1245, 1996

• 4) Liu L, Wang JG, Gong L et al:Comparison of active treatment and placebo for older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 16:1823-1829, 1998

• 5) Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T et al:Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients:cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension-2 study. Lancet 354:1751-1756, 1999
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• 6) Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A et al:Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the international nifedipine GITs study:Intervention as a goal in hypertension treatment (INSIGHT) . Lancet 356:366-372, 2000
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• 7) Hansson L, Hedner T, Lund-Johansen P et al:Randomised trial of effects of calciumant agonists compared with diuretics and β-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension:the Nordic diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet 356:359-365, 2000

• 8) Opie LH, Schall R:Evidence-based evaluation of calcium channel blockers for hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:315-322, 2002
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• 10) Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L:Cardiovascular prevention and blood pressu rereduction:a quantitative overview updated until I March 2003. J Hypertens 21:1055-1076, 2003

• 11) Forette F, Seux M-L, Staessen JA et al:Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled systolic hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 352:1347-1351, 1998
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• 12) Forette F, Seux M-L, Staessen JA et al:The prevention of dementia with antihypertensive treatment. New evidence from the systolic hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study. Arch Intern Med 162:2046-2052, 2002
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• 13) Appelgate WB, Pressel S, Wittes J et al:Impact of the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in behavioral variables. Results from the systolic hypertension in the elderly program. Arch Intern Med 154:2154-2160, 1994

• 14) Maxwell CJ, Hogan DB, Ebly EM:Calcium-channel blockers and cognitive function in elderly people:results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. CMAJ 161:501-506, 1999
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P.136 掲載の参考文献

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• 7) Devereux RB, Palmieri V, Sharpe N et al:Effects of once-daily angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and calcium channel blockade-based antihypertensive treatment regimens on left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic filling in hypertension:the prospective randomized enalapril studyevaluating regression of ventricular enlargement (PRESERVE) trial. Circulation 104:1248-1254, 2001

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Chapter5 併用療法

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• 4) Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T et al:Randomisedtrial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients:cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study., Lancet 354:1751-1756, 1999

• 5) Pitt B, Byington RP, Furberg CD et al:Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. PREVENT Investigators. Circulation 102:1503-1510, 2000
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Chapter6 Q&A

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• 3) Tominaga M, Ohya Y, Tsukashima A et al:Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with essential hypertension treated with a new calcium antagonist, cilnidipine. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 11:43-48, 1997
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• 4) Harada K, Nomura M, Nishikado A et al:Clinical Efficacy of efonidipine hydrochloride, a T-type calcium channel inhibitor, on sympathetic activities. Circ J 67:139-145, 2003

• 5) Kuramoto K, Ichikawa S, Hirai A et al:Azelnidipine and amlodipine:a comparison of their pharmacokinetics and effects on ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertens Res 26:201-208, 2003
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Chapter7 使用上の注意・副作用対策

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• 6) Prisant LM, Herman W:Calcium channel blocker induced gingival overgrowth. J Clin Hypertens 4:310-311, 2002

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• 11) Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Salive ME et al:Do calcium channel blockers increase the risk of cancer? Am J Hypertens 9:695-699, 1996
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Chapter8 薬物代謝と相互作用

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• 3) Lown KS, Bailey DG, Fontana RJ et al:Grapefruit juice increases felodipine oral availability in humans by decreasing intestinal CYP 3A protein expression. J Clin Invest 99:2545-2553, 1997

• 4) Bailey DG, Arnold JMO, Spence JD:Grapefruit juice-drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 46:101-110, 1998

• 5) Vincent J, Harris SI, Foulds G et al:Lack of effect of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamica of amlodipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 50:455-463, 2000
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• 6) 菅原和信, 宇野司:グレープフルーツジュースによる薬物相互作用. 日薬理誌 121:268-274, 2003
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