書籍詳細

I. 降圧薬の併用療法

P.12 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 健康日本21企画検討会, 健康日本21計画策定検討会, 健康日本21:21世紀における国民健康づくり運動について. 健康日本21企画検討会・健康日本21計画策定検討会報告書. 健康・体力づくり事業財団, 2000, p177

• 2) Frohlich ED:The first Irvine H. Page lecture. The mosaic of hypertension:past, present and future. J Hypertens Suppl 6(4):S2-11, 1988

• 3) Laragh JH:Vasoconstriction-volume analysis for understanding and treating hypertension:the use of rennin and aldosterone profiles. Am J Med 55(3):261-274, 1973

• 4) Guyton AC:Dominant role of the kidneys in long-term regulation of arterial pressure and in hypertension:The integrated system for pressure control. Textbook of medical physiology, 8th edition, Guyton AC ed, Saunders Co. Philadelphia, PA, pp220-250

• 5) Kaplan MN:Primary hypertension; pathogenesis. Clinical Hypertension 6th edition. Kaplan MN ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, ML, 1994, pp47-108

• 6) Mahmud A, Feely J:Low-dose quadruple antihypertensive combination:More efficacious than individual agents-a preliminary report. Hypertension 49(2):272-275, 2007
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• 7) WHO:Arterial Hypertension:Report of a WHO Expert committee, Geneva, 1978

• 8) British Hypertension Society guidelines(BHS-IV). J Fam Pract 53(7):528-550, 2004, GL

• 9) Mancia G et al:2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension(ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC). Eur Heart J 28(12), 2007

• 10) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン2009. 東京, ライフサイエンス社, 2009

• 11) 檜垣實男:患者背景を考慮した配合剤の使い分けと位置づけ. Progress In Medicine 31(1):7-90, 2011

P.17 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Quan A et al:A review of the efficacy of fixed-dose combinations olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine besylate/benazepril in factorial design studies. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 6(2):103-113, 2006
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• 2) Mistry NB et al:The angiotensin receptor antagonist valsartan:a review of the literature with a focus on clinical trials. Expert Opin Pharmacother 7(5):575-581, 2006
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• 3) Dahlof B et al:ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm(ASCOTBPLA):a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366(9489):895-906, 2005
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• 4) Jamerson K et al:ACCOMPLISH Trial Investigators Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 359(23):2417-2428, 2008

• 5) Jinno T et al:Calcium channel blocker azelnidipine enhances vascular protective effects of AT1 receptor blocker olmesartan. Hypertension 43(2):263-269, 2004
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• 6) Inaba S et al:Prevention of vascular injury by combination of an AT1 receptor blocker, olmesartan, with various calcium antagonists. Am J Hypertens 22(2):145-150, 2009
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• 7) Suzuki J et al:Effect of combination of calcium antagonist, azelnidipine, and AT1 receptor blocker, olmesartan, on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Hypertens 23(7):1383-1389, 2005
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• 8) Li JM et al:Effect of azelnidipine on angiotensin II-mediated growth-promoting signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Pharmacol 67(5):1666-1673, 2005
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• 9) Wu L et al:Nifedipine inhibited angiotensin II-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 expression:involvement of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase and nuclear factor kappa B-inducing kinase. J Hypertens 24(1):123-130, 2006
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P.22 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン 2009. 東京, ライフサイエンス社, 2009

• 2) Katsuya T, Ishikawa K:Salt sensitivity of Japanese from the viewpoint of gene polymorphism. Hypertens Res 26(7):521-525, 2003
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• 3) Williams B et al:Guidelines for management of hypertension:report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens 18(3):139-185, 2004

• 4) Franse LV et al:Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 35(5):1025-1030, 2000
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• 5) Beckett NS et al:Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 358(18):1887-1898, 2008

• 6) Jamerson K:ACCOMPLISH Trial Investigators. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 359(23):2417-2428, 2008

• 7) Bakris GL et al:Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events(ACCOMPLISH):a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 375(9721):1173-1181, 2010
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• 8) Bakris GL et al:Effects of different ACE inhibitor combinations on albuminuria:results of the GUARD study. Kidney Int 73(11):1303-1309, 2008
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P.28 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Mori H et al:Current status of antihypertensive prescription and associated blood pressure control in Japan. Hypertens Res 29(3):143-151, 2006
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• 2) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン 2009. 東京, ライフサイエンス社, 2009

• 3) Yamaguchi J et al:Effect of amlodipine + vandesartan on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease(from the herat institute of Japan cabdesartan randomized trial for evaluation in coronary artery disease [HIJ-CREATE] study). Am J Cardiol 106(6):819-824, 2010

• 4) Boutouyrie P et al:Amlodipine-valsartan combination edcreases central systolic blood pressure more effectively than the amlodipine-atenolol combination:The EXPLOR Study. Hypertension 55(6):1314-1322, 2010

P.34 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 堀内正嗣:アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬の薬理. 治療学 40(1):33-38, 2006

• 2) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン 2009. 東京, ライフサイエンス社, 2009

• 3) Lee VC et al:Meta-analysis:angiotensin-receptor blockers in chronic heart failure and high-risk acutemyocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 141(9):693-704, 2004

• 4) Phillips CO et al:Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction:a quantitative review of data fromrandomized clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 167(18):1930-1936, 2007
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• 5) Kunz R et al:Meta-analysis:effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease. Ann Intern Med 148(1):30-48, 2008
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• 6) Mann JFE et al:Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk(the ONTARGET study):a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 372(9638):547-553, 2008

P.38 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Ogihara T et al:The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2009). Hypertens Res 32(1):3-107, 2009
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• 2) Julius S et al:Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine:the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 363(9426):2022-2031, 2004

• 3) Lindholm LH et al:Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study(LIFE):a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 359(9311):1004-1010, 2002
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• 4) Ogihara T et al:Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks:candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. Hypertension 51(2):393-398, 2008
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• 5) The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II(CIBIS-II):a randomised trial. Lancet 353(9146):9-13, 1999

• 6) Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure:Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 353(9169):2001-2007, 1999
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• 7) Packer M et al:Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 344(22):1651-1658, 2001
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• 8) Hunt SA et al:2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults:a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines:developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 119(14):e391-479, 2009

• 9) Cohn JN et al:A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 345(23):1667-1675, 2001
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• 10) Granger CB et al:Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors:the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 362(9386):772-776, 2003
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P.43 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Costanzo P et al:Calcium channel blockers and cardiovascular outcomes:a meta-analysis of 175, 634 patients. J Hypertens 27(6):1136-1151, 2009
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• 2) Ogihara T et al:The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2009). Hypertens Res 32(1):3-107, 2009
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• 3) Wald DS et al:Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure:meta-analysis on 11, 000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med 122(3):290-300, 2009
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• 4) Uzu T, Kimura G:Diuretics shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation 100(15):1635-1638, 1999
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• 5) Law MR et al:Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs:analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 326(7404):1427, 2003
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• 6) Gradman AH et al:Combination therapy in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 4(2):90-98, 2010
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• 7) Liu L et al:The Felodipine Event Reduction(FEVER) Study:a randomized long-term placebo- controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 23(12):2157-2172, 2005
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• 8) Zanchetti A et al:Calcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis:principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis(ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trial. Circulation 106(19):2422-2427, 2002

• 9) Julius S et al:Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine:the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 363(9426):2022-2031, 2004

• 10) Ogihara T et al:The combination therapy of hypertension to prevent cardiovascular events(COPE) trial:rationale and design. Hypertens Res 28(4):331-338, 2005
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• 11) Matsuzaki M et al:Prevention of cardio vascular events with calcium channel blocker-based cmbination therapiesim patients with hypertension:a randomized controlled trial. J Hypertens 29(8):1649-1659, 2011

P.48 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Nissen SE et al:Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure:the CAMELOT study:a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292(18):2217-2225, 2004
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• 2) Arai T et al:ACE inhibitors and protection against pneumonia in elderly patients with stroke. Neurology 64(3):573-574, 2005
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• 3) Dahlof B et al:Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial-blood pressure lowering arm(ASCOT-BPLA):a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 366(9489):895-906, 2005
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• 4) Brugts JJ et al:The consistency of the treatment effect of an ACE-inhibitor based treatment regimen in patients with vascular disease or high risk of vascular disease:a combined analysis of individual data of ADVANCE, EUROPA, and PROGRESS trials. Eur Heart J 30(11):1385-1394, 2009
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• 5) Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration:Blood pressure-dependent and independent effects of agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 25(5):951-958, 2007
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• 6) Jamerson K et al for the ACCOMPLISH trial investigators:Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 359(28):2417-2428, 2008

P.53 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hasebe N, Kikuchi K:NICE Combi Study Group. Controlled-release nifedipine and candesartan lowdose combination therapy in patients with essential hypertension:the NICE Combi (Nifedipine and Candesartan Combination) study. J Hypertens 23:445-453, 2005

• 2) Hayashi K et al:Effect of efonidipine and ACE inhibitors on proteinuria in human hyperteision with renal impairment. Am J Hypertens 16:116-122, 2003
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• 3) Olsson G et al:Long-term treatment with metoprolol after myocardial infaction:Effect on 3 year mortality and morbidity. J Am Coll Cardiol 5:1428-1437, 1985

• 4) Norris RM et al:Prevention of ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction by intravenous propranolol. Lancet 20:883-886, 1984

• 5) Lubsen J et al:ACTION (A Coronary disease Trial Investigating Outcome with Nifedipine GITS) investigators. Effect of long-acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiobascular morbidity in patients with symptomatic stable angina and hypertension; the ACTION trial. J Hypertens 23:641-648, 2005

• 6) A randomized trial of β-blockade in heart failure. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprorol Study (CIBIS). CIBIS Investigators and Committees. Circulation 90:1765-1773, 1994

• 7) The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprorol Study II(CIBIS-II):a randomized trial. Lancet 353:9-13, 1999

• 8) Packer M et al:Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 344:1651-1658, 2001
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• 9) ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group:Major ooutcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic:The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 288:2981-2997, 2002
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• 10) Hunt SA et al:2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(15):e1-90, 2009
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• 11) Olshansky B et al:The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study:approaches to control rate in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1201-1208, 2004
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• 12) Gress TW et al:Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. N Engl J Med 342:905-912, 2000
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• 13) Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure:Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 353:2001-2007, 1999
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• 14) Nesto RW et al:Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure:a consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 27:256-263, 2004
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• 15) Estacio RO et al:The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med 338:645-652, 1998
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• 16) Hansson L et al:HOT Study Group. Effect of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension:principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomized trial. Lancet 351:1775-1762, 1998

• 17) Jamerson K et al:ACCOMPLISH trial investigators. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 359:2417-2428, 2008

P.58 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Oh BH:Aliskiren:The first in a new class of direct renin inhibitors for hypertension:present and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother 8(16):2839-2849, 2007

• 2) Drummond W et al:Antihypertensive efficacy of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren as add-on therapy in patients not responding to amlodipine monotherapy. J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich) 9(10):742-750, 2007

• 3) Oparil S et al:Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension:a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 370(9583):221-229, 2007
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• 4) Rouleau JL et al:Prognostic value of neurohumoral activation in patients with an acute myocardial infarction:effect of captopril. J Am Coll Cardiol 24(3):583-591, 1994
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• 5) Alderman MH et al:Plasma renin activity:a risk factor for myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients, Am J Hypertens 10(1):1-8, 1997
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• 6) Latini R et al:The comparative prognostic value of plasma neurohormones at baseline in patients with heart failure enrolled in Val-HeFT. Eur Heart J 25(4):292-299, 2004
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• 7) Duggan ST et al:Aliskiren:a review of its use as monotherapy and as combination therapy in the management of hypertension. Drugs 70(15):2011-2049, 2010
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• 8) Parving H-H et al:Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 358(23):2433-2446, 2008
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• 9) Persson F et al:Impact of baseline renal function on the efficacy and safty of aliskiren added to losartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Diabetes Care 33(11):2304-2309, 2010

• 10) Fisher ND et al:Renal and hormonal responses to direct renin inhibition with aliskiren in healthy humans. Circulation 117(25):3199-3205, 2008
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• 11) Splenser AE et al:Renal plasma flow:glomerular filtration rate relationships in man during direct renin inhibition with aliskiren. J Am Soc Hypertens 3(5):315-320, 2009
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• 12) McMurray JJV et al:Effects of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 1(1):17-24, 2008

• 13) Solomon SD et al:Effect of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren, the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan, or both on left ventricular mass in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 119(4):530-537, 2009
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• 14) Brown MJ et al:Aliskiren and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine combination as an initial treatment strategy for hypertension control(ACCELERATE):a randomised, parallel-group trial. Lancet 377(9762):312-320, 2011
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P.62 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン 2009. 東京, ライフサイエンス社, 2009

• 2) Rossi GP et al:Primary aldosteronism-part I:prevalence, screening, and selection of cases for adrenal vein sampling. J Nephrol 21(4):447-454, 2008
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• 3) Young MJ:Mechanisms of mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated cardiac fibrosis and vascular inflammation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 17(2):174-180, 2008
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• 4) Pitt B et al:The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 341(10):709-717, 1999

• 5) Pitt B et al:Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction; Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 348(14):1309-1321, 2003

• 6) Zannad F et al:EMPHASIS-HF Study Group. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 364(1):11-21, 2011

• 7) Sato A, Fukuda S:Clinical effects of eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 24(6):387-394, 2010
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• 8) Ando K et al:Rationale and design of the Eplerenone combination Versus conventional Agents to Lower blood pressure on Urinary Antialbuminuric Treatment Effect(EVALUATE) trial:a doubleblinded randomized placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the antialbuminuric effects of an aldosterone blocker in hypertensive patients with albuminuria. Hypertens Res 24(6):387-394, 2010

• 9) Vasan RS et al:Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in nonhypertensive persons. N Engl J Med 351(1):33-41, 2004

P.68 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Lonn E et al:The polypill in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases:key concepts, current status, challenges, and future directions. Circulation 122(20):2078-2088, 2010
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• 2) Volpe M et al:The challenge of polypharmacy in cardiovascular medicine. Fund Clin Pharmacol 24(1):9-17, 2010

• 3) Teo KK, Liang Y:Polypill:lights and shadows. Curr Hypertens Rep 12:276-281, 2010
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• 4) Wald DS, Wald NJ:The polypill in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Fund Clin Pharmacol 24(1):29-35, 2010

• 5) Sanz G, Fuster V:Fixed-dose combination therapy and secondary cardiovascular prevention:rationale, selection of drugs and target population. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 6(2):101-110, 2009
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• 6) Yusuf S:Two decades of progress in preventing vascular disease. Lancet 360(9326):2-3, 2002
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• 7) Wald NJ, Law MR:Astrategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ 326(7407):1419-1424, 2003

• 8) Clarke R et al:for the B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of lowering homocysteinelevels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality:metaanalysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37, 485 individuals. Arch Intern Med 170(18):1622-1631, 2010

• 9) Yusuf S et al:The Indian Polycap Study(TIPS). Effects of a polypill(Polycap) on risk factors in middle-aged individuals without cardiovascular disease (TIPS):a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial. Lancet 373(9672):1341-1351, 2009

II. 合剤の有用性とその位置づけ

P.74 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Weber MA et al:Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE trial. Lancet 363(9426):2049-2051, 2004
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• 2) Staessen JA et al:Effects of immediate versus delayed antihypertensive therapy on outcome in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial. J Hypertens 22(4):847-857, 2004

• 3) 齊藤郁夫:服薬コンプライアンスと血圧コントロール. 血圧 13(9):1019-1025, 2006
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• 4) Gupta A et al:Compliance, safety, and effectiveness of fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive agents:a meta-analysis. Hypertension 55(2):399-407, 2010
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• 5) Bangalore S et al:Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance:a meta-analysis. Am J Med 120(8):713-719, 2007
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• 6) Feldman RD et al:A simplified approach to the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension:a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension 53(4):646-653, 2009

• 7) Bramley TJ et al:Relationship of blood pressure control to adherence with antihypertensive monotherapy in 13 managed care organizations. J Manag Care Pharm 12(3):239-245, 2006
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• 8) Mazzaglia G et al:Adherence to antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular morbidity among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Circulation 120(16):1598-1605, 2009
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• 9) Perreault S et al:Adherence level of antihypertensive agents in coronary artery disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 69(1):74-84, 2010
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• 10) Nelson MR et al:Self-reported adherence with medication and cardiovascular disease outcomes in the second Australian National Blood Pressure Study(ANBP2). Med J Aust 185(9):487-489, 2006
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• 11) Lindgren P et al, on behalf of the ASCOT trial investigators:Economic evaluation of ASCOT-BPLA antihypertensive treatment with an amlodipine-based regimen is cost effective compared with an atenolol-based regimen. Heart 94(2):e4-9, 2008

• 12) Saito I et al:Cost-utility analysis of antihypertensive combination therapy in Japan by a Monte Carlosimulation model. Hypertens Res 31(7):1373-1383, 2008
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• 13) Muszbek N et al:The economic consequences of noncompliance in cardiovascular disease and related conditions:a literature review. Int J Clin Pract 62(2):338-351, 2008
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P.79 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Ishimitsu T et al:Comparison of the effects of amlodipine and losartan on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 24(1-2):41-50, 2002
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• 2) Eguchi K et al:Comparison of valsartan and amlodipine on ambulatory and morning blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 17(2):112-117, 2004
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• 3) Minami J et al:Long-term efficacy of combination therapy with losartan and low-dose hydrochlorothiazide in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Int Heart J 48(2):177-186, 2007
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• 4) Palatini P et al:Trough:peak ratio and smoothness index in the evaluation of 24-h blood pressure control in hypertension:a comparative study between valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination and amlodipine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 57(11):765-770, 2002
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• 5) Verdecchia P et al:Adverse prognostic significance of new diabetes in treated hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 43(5):963-969, 2004
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• 6) Franse LV et al:Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 35(5):1025-1030, 2000
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• 7) Franse LV et al:Serum uric acid, diuretic treatment and risk of cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program(SHEP). J Hypertens 18(8):1149-1154, 2000
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• 8) 島田和幸:降圧目標達成のために-ARB/利尿薬合剤の魅力とは. 血圧 13(12):1314-1318, 2006
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• 9) Tsunoda K et al:Hypotensive effect of losartan, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 6(1):28-32, 1993
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• 10) Sato M et al:Angiotensin II receptor blockers induce alteration of serum uric acid level via renal uric acid transporters. A review of the authors' current research. Gout Nucl Acid Metab 33:149-162, 2009

• 11) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会:高血圧治療ガイドライン 2009. 東京, ライフサイエンス社, 2009

• 12) Dahlof et al:Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study(LIFE):a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 359(9311):995-1003, 2002
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• 13) PROGRESS Collaborative Group:Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6, 105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 358(9287):1033-1041, 2001
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• 14) Brenner BM et al:Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 345(12):861-869, 2001
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