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未契約
書籍名 木質の形成 第2版 バイオマス科学への招待
出版社 海青社
発行日 2011-10-30
著者
  • 福島和彦(編集)
  • 船田良(編集)
  • 杉山淳司(編集)
  • 高部圭司(編集)
  • 梅澤俊明(編集)
  • 山本浩之(編集)
ISBN 9784860992521
ページ数 607
版刷巻号 第2版第1刷
分野
閲覧制限 未契約

木質とは何か。木質の優れた機能は、精緻に制御された構造と、それを形成する生合成機構からなる。本書では、木質について木質細胞壁の構造、構成成分、機能発現などの分子レベルから細胞・組織レベルまで、生合成の視点から解説。全面改訂200頁増補。

目次

  • 表紙
    閲覧
  • 執筆者紹介
    閲覧
  • 口絵
    閲覧
  • はじめに
    P.1閲覧
  • 第2版の出版に際して
    P.3閲覧
  • 目次
    P.8閲覧
  • 1 木材の構造と形成
    P.15閲覧
    • 1.1 木材の概観
      • 1.1.1 木材を生産する樹木
      • 1.1.2 樹木の外観
    • 1.2 木材の構造と進化
      • 1.2.1 陸上植物の進化
      • 1.2.2 木材構造の進化
    • 1.3 樹木の成長
      • 1.3.1 伸長成長
      • 1.3.2 肥大成長
    • 1.4 樹木細胞を構成する細胞小器官
    • 1.5 形成層細胞の分裂
      • 1.5.1 分裂活動の変化
      • 1.5.2 分裂活動の制御機構
    • 1.6 木部細胞の分化・成熟
    • 1.7 針葉樹材の組織構造
      • 1.7.1 仮道管
      • 1.7.2 ストランド仮道管
      • 1.7.3 軸方向柔細胞
      • 1.7.4 放射組織
      • 1.7.5 樹脂道とエピセリウム細胞
    • 1.8 広葉樹材の組織構造
      • 1.8.1 道管
      • 1.8.2 木部繊維
      • 1.8.3 軸方向柔組織
      • 1.8.4 放射組織
      • 1.8.5 その他の解剖学的特徴
    • 1.9 単子葉植物の構造と形成
      • 1.9.1 道管
      • 1.9.2 師管
      • 1.9.3 維管束鞘繊維
      • 1.9.4 基本組織柔細胞
      • 1.9.5 タケ細胞壁の形成過程
    • 1.10 細胞壁構造
      • 1.10.1 一次壁の性質
      • 1.10.2 二次壁の性質
    • 1.11 細胞壁修飾構造
      • 1.11.1 壁孔
      • 1.11.2 道管せん孔
      • 1.11.3 らせん肥厚
      • 1.11.4 いぼ状突起とベスチャー
    • 1.12 光合成同化産物の樹木細胞壁への転流と分配
      • 1.12.1 木理と転流経路
      • 1.12.2 貯蔵物質と木部形成
    • 1.13 あて材の構造と形成
      • 1.13.1 あて材の特徴
      • 1.13.2 あて材の形成機構
    • 1.14 根の構造と形成
      • 1.14.1 一次組織
      • 1.14.2 二次組織
    • 1.15 心材の構造と形成
      • 1.15.1 心材・辺材・移行材
      • 1.15.2 心材の形成
      • 1.15.3 心材の特徴の多様性
      • 1.15.4 傷害心材、偽心材、変色材
    • 1.16 木部細胞分化の分子生物学
      • 1.16.1 遺伝子発現の抑制による遺伝子機能の解析
      • 1.16.2 木部形成遺伝子の発現解析
      • 1.16.3 ゲノムプロジェクトとポストゲノム
    • 引用文献
  • 2 セルロース
    P.145閲覧
    • 2.1 セルロースミクロフィブリルの構造
      • 2.1.1 セルロースとは
      • 2.1.2 ミクロフィブリルとは(定義と概要)
      • 2.1.3 木材セルロース(一次壁と二次壁のセルロース)
      • 2.1.4 どこにセルロースは存在するか?
      • 2.1.5 種によって異なる大きさ、断面の形状
      • 2.1.6 セルロースミクロフィブリルの構造
      • 2.1.7 セルロースの合成と結晶化に影響を与える因子
    • 2.2 結晶構造
      • 2.2.1 単位格子と結晶多形
      • 2.2.2 分子の形態
      • 2.2.3 単位格子への分子の充填(packing)
      • 2.2.4 水素結合(hydrogen bond)
      • 2.2.5 ミクロフィブリルへの充填
      • 2.2.6 表面と非晶
      • 2.2.7 低エネルギー振動と中性子非弾性散乱
      • 2.2.8 力学的性質
      • 2.2.9 熱膨張
      • 2.2.10 セルロースの格子面とミラー指数
    • 2.3 セルロースの構造と生合成の接点
      • 2.3.1 ターミナルコンプレックス
      • 2.3.2 高等植物のTC
      • 2.3.3 TCの移動と方向制御
      • 2.3.4 TCとミクロフィブリル形態の生物多様性
    • 2.4 セルロース生合成の酵素化学
      • 2.4.1 セルロース合成酵素遺伝子(cesA)
      • 2.4.2 糖転移酵素の反応機構
      • 2.4.3 CesAタンパク質の解析に向けた課題
    • 2.5 セルロース生合成の分子機能
      • 2.5.1 セルロース生合成に関与する分子群
      • 2.5.2 セルロース合成における分解酵素の役割に関する考察
      • 2.5.3 セルロース生合成のモデル生物
    • 引用文献
  • 3 ヘミセルロース
    P.229閲覧
    • 3.1 ヘミセルロースとは
    • 3.2 ヘミセルロースの生合成
      • 3.2.1 糖ヌクレオチドの生合成
      • 3.2.2 キシランの生合成
      • 3.2.3 グルコマンナンの生合成
      • 3.2.4 ガラクタンの生合成
      • 3.2.5 キシログルカンの生合成
    • 3.3 ヘミセルロースの堆積と細胞壁中での分布
      • 3.3.1 ヘミセルロースの堆積機構
      • 3.3.2 ヘミセルロースの細胞壁中での分布
    • 3.4 ヘミセルロースの生合成と輸送に関与する細胞小器官
    • 3.5 ペクチンの生合成およびその細胞壁中での分布と存在状態
      • 3.5.1 ペクチンの生合成
      • 3.5.2 ペクチンの生合成の場、分布、存在状態
    • 3.6 ヘミセルロース生合成の分子生物学
      • 3.6.1 キシラン
      • 3.6.2 マンナンおよびグルコマンナン
      • 3.6.3 キシログルカン
      • 3.6.4 β-(1→3; 1→4)グルカン
    • 引用文献
  • 4 リグニン
    P.275閲覧
    • 4.1 植物の進化とリグニンの構造
      • 4.1.1 化石中及び古代環境でのリグニン
      • 4.1.2 Brownのリグニン進化説
      • 4.1.3 蘚苔類のリグニン
      • 4.1.4 細胞壁の木化と維管束組織の発達
      • 4.1.5 植物における最初のリグニン
      • 4.1.6 イワヒバ科植物のリグニン
      • 4.1.7 シリンギルリグニンの起源
      • 4.1.8 エネルギー論的に見たリグニンの進化
      • 4.1.9 細胞の機能とリグニンの進化
      • 4.1.10 紅藻におけるリグニンの存在
      • 4.1.11 木本から草本への移行
      • 4.1.12 リグニンの進化とO-メチルトランスフェラーゼとの関係
      • 4.1.13 リグニンの進化とカフェオイル - CoA OMT及びカフェー酸OMTとの関係
      • 4.1.14 リグニンの進化とシンナミルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼとの関係
      • 4.1.15 リグニンの進化とラッカーゼとの関係
      • 4.1.16 リグニンの進化とペルオキシダーゼとの関係
      • 4.1.17 リグニンの進化とシリンギルペルオキシダーゼとの関係
      • 4.1.18 リグニンの進化に関わるリグニン生合成酵素の遺伝子情報
      • 4.1.19 リグニン生合成遺伝子の進化論的比較
      • 4.1.20 ペルオキシダーゼの進化論
      • 4.1.21 リグニンの進化と生育環境(重力、水)変化
    • 4.2 リグニンの沈着と分布
      • 4.2.1 リグニン沈着過程と分布の可視化
      • 4.2.2 針葉樹木部細胞壁におけるリグニンの分布
      • 4.2.3 広葉樹木部細胞壁におけるリグニンの分布
      • 4.2.4 複合細胞間層と二次壁のリグニン
      • 4.2.5 様々なリグニンの機能
      • 4.2.6 リグニンの分析
    • 4.3 細胞の分化とリグニン形成の分子機能
      • 4.3.1 維管束分化とリグニン形成
      • 4.3.2 細胞分化とリグニン形成のモデルとしての管状要素
      • 4.3.3 管状要素分化の過程
      • 4.3.4 管状要素分化を制御する要因
      • 4.3.5 リグニン合成機構
      • 4.3.6 細胞の分化とリグニン形成研究の今後と展望
    • 4.4 シキミ酸経路
      • 4.4.1 シキミ酸経路の全体像
      • 4.4.2 シキミ酸経路に関わる酵素
    • 4.5 モノリグノールの生合成
      • 4.5.1 フェニルアラニンアンモニアリアーゼ
      • 4.5.2 芳香核の水酸化
      • 4.5.3 芳香核のメチル化酵素
      • 4.5.4 側鎖γ位(9位)の還元酵素
      • 4.5.5 モノリグノールの重合に関与するペルオキシダーゼ
      • 4.5.6 モノリグノールグルコシド(配糖体)
    • 4.6 モノリグノールの重合
      • 4.6.1 モノリグノールの多糖類マトリックス中での拡散
      • 4.6.2 モノリグノールの酵素との衝突と反応活性中心への侵入
      • 4.6.3 一電子酸化によるラジカル化と酵素からの脱離
      • 4.6.4 ラジカル分子のカップリング反応による二量体化
      • 4.6.5 7(α)位炭素への水酸基の付加によるキノンメチド中間体の解消
      • 4.6.6 ラジカルカップリング反応の繰り返しによる高分子化
      • 4.6.7 人工リグニン
    • 4.7 リグニンのバイオテクノロジー
      • 4.7.1 モノリグノール生合成遺伝子の発現制御によるリグニンの調節
      • 4.7.2 リグニンや二次壁の合成を制御する転写因子の発現調節
      • 4.7.3 リグニン生合成の変化に伴う表現型の変化
      • 4.7.4 リグニンの改変によるパルプ生産性の向上
      • 4.7.5 消化性の高い飼料用作物
      • 4.7.6 エネルギー作物の分子育種
      • 4.7.7 遺伝子組換え植物の将来展望
    • 引用文献
  • 5 抽出成分
    P.403閲覧
    • 5.1 抽出成分とは
    • 5.2 抽出成分の分類と化学的特徴
      • 5.2.1 リグナンとネオリグナン
      • 5.2.2 ノルリグナン
      • 5.2.3 フラボノイド
      • 5.2.4 スチルベノイド
      • 5.2.5 タンニン
      • 5.2.6 イソプレノイド
      • 5.2.7 その他の成分
    • 5.3 生合成
      • 5.3.1 細胞内における抽出成分の生合成場所
      • 5.3.2 リグナン
      • 5.3.3 ネオリグナン
      • 5.3.4 ノルリグナン
      • 5.3.5 フラボノイド
      • 5.3.6 スチルベノイド
      • 5.3.7 タンニン
      • 5.3.8 イソプレノイド
      • 5.3.9 ジアリルヘプタノイド
    • 5.4 抽出成分の分布と生理的意義
      • 5.4.1 心材特異的分布
      • 5.4.2 生体防御
    • 5.5 抽出成分の物理特性への寄与
    • 引用文献
  • 6 木質のバイオメカニックス
    P.473閲覧
    • 6.1 水分の吸収と運搬の物理
      • 6.1.1 樹木と水
      • 6.1.2 植物(樹木)による吸水と運搬の機構
      • 6.1.3 木部圧ポテンシャルの日変動
      • 6.1.4 木部における軸方向への水の移動
      • 6.1.5 木材と水
    • 6.2 細胞壁微細構造が支配する木材の力学物性
      • 6.2.1 固体力学の基本的概念
      • 6.2.2 木材の物性における異方性
      • 6.2.3 セル構造と木材の横方向ヤング率の多様性
      • 6.2.4 細胞壁微細構造が支配する木材繊維の力学
    • 6.3 樹木成長のバイオメカニックス
      • 6.3.1 樹木と残留応力
      • 6.3.2 樹木と成長応力
      • 6.3.3 成長応力と樹木の形
    • 引用文献
  • 付録
    P.531閲覧
    • 付録1 形成層が木質バイオマスを生産する
    • 付録2 文化財を科学する
    • 付録3 樹木のスケールトラベル
    • 付録4 木の性質を知り、木を改良し、利用につなげる
    • 付録5 多成分の迅速網羅解析
    • 付録6 樹木が空高くそびえ、広く枝を張るための戦略
    • 引用文献
  • 略号表
    P.563閲覧
  • 索引
    P.569閲覧
  • 編者紹介
    閲覧
  • 奥付
    閲覧

参考文献

1 木材の構造と形成

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4 リグニン

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5 抽出成分

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付録

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