書籍詳細

I 分類・定義・診断基準の歴史的変遷

P.23 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 2) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 3) Szulman AE, Surti U:The syndrome of hydatidiform mole. I. Cytogenetic and morphologic correlation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;131:665-671

• 4) Park WW:Pathology and classification of trophoblastic tumors. Gynecologic Oncology (Coppleson M, ed), vol 2. 1981;pp745-756, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

• 5) Hertz R:Eight years experience with the chemotherapy of choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumors in women. Choriocarcinoma:Transactions of a Conference of the International Union Against Cancer (Holland JF, Hreshchyshyn M, eds ), 1967;pp66-71, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York

• 6) 竹内正七, 小幡憲郎:絨毛性疾患の新しい定義と分類. 現代産科婦人科学大系, 年間追補, 1979-B. 1979;pp63-80, 中山書店, 東京

• 7) Ewing J:Chorioma:A clinical and pathological study. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1910;10:366-392

• 8) Hertig AT, Mansell H:Tumors of the female sex organs. Part I. Hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Section 9, Fascicle 33. 1956, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC

• 9) 竹内正七, 半藤 保:絨毛性腫瘍の発症と予後-われわれの提唱する本態論の立場から. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1974;26:749-754

• 10) Poulsen HE:Histological typing of female genital tract tumors. International Histological Classification of Tumors, No 13. 1975;p70, WHO, Geneva

• 11) Gestational trophoblastic disease. Report of a World Health Organization Scientific Group. Technical Report Series 692. 1983, WHO, Geneva

• 12) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約. 1988, 金原出版, 東京

• 13) Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP:Gestational trophoblastic disease. Novak's Gynecology (Berek JS, Adashi EY, Hillard PA, eds), 12th ed. 1996;pp1261-1281, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore

• 14) DiSaia PJ, Creasman WT:Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Clinical Gynecologic Oncology, 5th ed. 1997;pp180-201, Mosby, St Louis

• 15) Marchand F:Uber den Bau der Blasenmole. Z Geburtsh Gynak 1895;32:405-472

• 16) Novak E, Novak ER:Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology, 4th ed. 1958, WB Saunders, Philadelphia

• 17) Park WW:Discussion of 'genesis of hydatidiform mole'. Ann NY Acad Sci 1959;80:99-103

• 18) 日本産科婦人科学会絨毛性腫瘍委員会報告. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1963;15:519

• 19) Meyer R:Beitrage zur Pathologie und Klinik des Chorionepithelioma uteri malignum. Z Geburtsh Gynak 1927;92:259-326

• 20) Hertig AT, Edmonds HW:Genesis of hydatidiform mole. Arch of Path 1940;30:260-291

• 21) Park WW:Disorders arising from the human trophoblast. Modern Trends in Pathology (Collins DH, ed). 1959;pp180-211, Butterworth, London

• 22) International Union Against Cancer. Choriocarcinoma:Transactions of a Conference of the International Union against Cancer (Holland JF, Hreshchyshyn MM, eds). 1967;Appendix 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York

• 23) Tow WS:The classification of malignant growths of the chorion. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Cwlth 1966;73:1000-1001

• 24) 長谷川敏雄:絨毛性腫瘍の概念. 現代産科婦人科学大系8C, 絨毛性腫瘍. 1974;pp3-9, 中山書店, 東京

• 25) Scully RE:Histological typing of female genital tract tumors. International Histological Classification of Tumors, 2nd ed. WHO. 1994, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg

• 26) 小幡憲郎:部分胞状奇胎. 産婦人科の実際 1986;35:1825-1829

• 27) Vassilakos P, Riotton G, Kajii T:Hydatidiform mole:Two entities. A morphologic and cytogenetic study with some clinical consideration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;127:167-170

• 28) Szulman AE, Surti U:The syndromes of hydatidiform mole. II. Morphologic evolution of the complete and partial mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;132:20-27

• 29) Novak E, Seah CS:Choriocarcinoma of the uterus. Study of 74 cases from the Mathieu Memorial Chorionepithelioma Registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1954;67:933-957

• 30) Brewer JI, Gerbie AB:Early development of choriocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966;94:692-710

• 31) Lurain JR:High risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. J Reprod Med 1994;39:217-222

• 32) Kurman RJ, Scully RE, Norris HJ:Trophoblastic pseudotumor of the uterus. An exaggerated form of 'syncytial endometritis' simulating a malignant tumor. Cancer 1976;38:1214-1226

• 33) Scully RE, Young RH:Trophoblastic pseudotumor:A reappraisal. Am J Surg Pathol 1981;5:75-76

• 34) Kato M, Tanaka K, Takeuchi S:The nature of trophoblastic disease initiated by transplantation into immunosuppressed animals. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;142:495-505

• 35) Hertz R:Eight years experience with the chemotherapy of choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumors in woman. Choriocarcinoma. UICC Monograph Series 3. 1967;pp66-71

II 絨毛性疾患の疫学

P.41 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 竹内正七:絨毛性腫瘍登録委員会報告. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1979;31:525-530

• 2) 竹内正七:絨毛性疾患登録委員会報告. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1982;34:1805-1812

• 3) 竹内正七:絨毛性疾患登録委員会報告. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1987;39:871-880

• 4) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約. 1988, 金原出版, 東京

• 5) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 6) 杉森 甫:婦人科腫瘍委員会報告(絨毛性疾患地域登録成績). 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1993;45:957-961

• 7) 工藤隆一:婦人科腫瘍委員会報告(絨毛性疾患地域登録成績). 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1995;47:1405-1410

• 8) 半藤 保:本邦における絨毛性疾患登録25年の成果. 第17回日本絨毛性疾患研究会特別講演. 1999, 東京

• 9) 竹内正七, 半藤 保:絨毛性疾患化学療法第1次研究-150症例の解析. Oncology & Chemotherapy 1993;9 (suppl):28-42

• 10) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:婦人科がん化学療法共同研究会, 絨毛性疾患化学療法第2次研究中間報告資料. 1995, 東京

• 11) Report of a WHO Scientific Group:Gestational trophoblastic disease. WHO Technical Report Series 692-7. 1983;pp7-81, WHO, Geneva

• 12) Rolon PA, Hochsztajn B, Llamosas F:Epidemiology of complete hydatidiform mole in Paraguay. J Reprod Med 1990 35:15-18

• 13) Ghali FH:Incidence of trophoblastic neoplasia in Iraq. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969;105:992-993

• 14) Von Elfriede Hoppe W, Nguyen TH:Histopathologische Aspekte, Nomenklatur und Haufigkeit von Blasenmolen und Chorionepitheliomen. Zbl Gynak 1970;46:1534

• 15) Novak E, Seah CS:Benign trophoblastic lesions in Mathieu chorionepithelioma registry (hydatidiform mole, syncytial endometritis). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1954;68:376-390

• 16) Brisson J, Fabia J:Incidence de la mole hydatidiforme et des maladies trophoblastique dans l'est du Quebec, 1969-1973. Union Med Can 1976;105:1238-1240

• 17) Nielsen NH, Hansen JP:Trophoblastic tumors in Greenland. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1979;95:177-186

• 18) McCorriston CC:Racial incidence of hydatidiform mole. A study in a contained polyracial community. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968;101:377-382

• 19) Hayashi K, Bracken MB, et al:Hydatidiform mole in the United States (1970-1977):A statistical and theoretical analysis. Am J Epidemiol 1982;115:65-77

• 20) Ishizuka N:Registry and management of trophoblastic neoplasia following molar pregnancy (seven year results in Aichi district). Proceeding of Vth Asian Congress Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1971;p251, Djakarta

• 21) Takeuchi S:Incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease by regional registration in Japan. Hum Reprod 1987;2:729-734

• 22) Nakano R, Sasaki K, et al:Trophoblastic disease:Analysis of 342 patients. Obstet Gynecol Invest 1980;11:237-242

• 23) 岩田嘉行, 雨宮 清, ほか:神奈川県における絨毛性疾患発生状況-出生数との対比および年齢階層からの検討. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1989;41:48-54

• 24) 松井英雄, 飯塚美徳, ほか:千葉県における過去20年間の胞状奇胎登録. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1996;48:199-205

• 25) Kim SJ, Bae SN, et al:Epidemiology and time trends of gestational trophoblastic disease in Korea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998;60(suppl 1):S33-S38

• 26) Liu BL, Tien CY:Gynecologic malignancy. Registration in Nanking area. Chin Med J 1964;83:171
  pubmed

• 27) Song HZ, Wu PC:Hydatidiform mole in China:A preliminary survey of incidence on more than three million women. Bull World Health Organ 1987;65:507-511

• 28) Teoh ES, Dawood MY, Ratnam SS:Epidemiology of hydatidiform mole in Singapore. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971;110:415-420

• 29) Llewellyn-Jones D:Trophoblastic tumours. Geographic variations in incidence and possible aetiological factors. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1965;72:242-248

• 30) Paksoy N, Reich B:The occurrence of trophoblastic disease in Western Samoa. NZ Med J 1989;102:162-163

• 31) Matalon M, Paz B, Modan M:Malignant trophoblastic disorders. Epidemiological aspects and relationship to hydatidiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;112:101-105

• 32) Kolstad P, Hognestad J:Trophoblastic tumours in Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1965;44:80-88

• 33) Ringertz N:Hydatidiform mole, invasive mole and choriocarcinoma in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1970;49:195-20

• 34) Flam F, Lundstrom-Lindstedt V, Rutqvist LE:Incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease in Stockholm county, 1975-1988. Eur J Epidemiol 1992;8:173-177

• 35) 半藤 保, 新井 繁:新潟県の絨毛性腫瘍登録管理方式(1). 図説臨床産婦人科講座第7巻, 絨毛性腫瘍(竹内正七, 前田一雄, 編). 1978;pp 200-201, メジカルビュー社, 東京

• 36) Rolon PA, de Lopez BH:Epidemiological aspects of hydatidiform mole in the Republic of Paraguay (South America). Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1977;84:862-864

• 37) Yen S, MacMahon B:Epidemiologic features of trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968;101:126-132

• 38) Shanmugaratnam K, Muir CS, Tow SH:Rates per 100, 000 births and incidence of choriocarcinoma and malignant mole in Singapore Chinese and Malays. Comparison with Connecticut, Norway and Sweden. Int J Cancer 1971;8:165-175

• 39) Aranda JM, Martinez I:Incidence of choriocarcinoma in Puerto Rico. A 15 year study. Cancer 1969;23:506-507

• 40) Sengupta BS, Persaud V, Wynter HH:Choriocarcinoma in Jamaica. Int Surg 1977;62:84-87

• 41) Baltazar JC:Epidemiological features of choriocarcinoma. Bull World Health Organ 1976;54:523-532

• 42) Davey DA, Fray R:Choriocarcinoma and invasive mole. South African Medical Journal 1979;56:924-931

• 43) Smith P:Choriocarcinoma in Uganda:A case for active prophylaxis. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1970;10:109-111

• 44) Leighton PC:Trophoblastic disease in Uganda. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;117:341-344

• 45) Wei P-Y, Ouyang P-C:Trophoblastic disease in Taiwan. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963;85:844-849

• 46) Hsu CT, Chen WH, Chiu WH:Some aspects of trophoblastic disease peculiar to Taiwan. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1964;90:308-316

• 47) King G:Hydatidiform mole and chorionepithelioma-The problem of the borderline case. Proc Roy Soc Med 1956;49:381-390

• 48) Chan DPC:Chorionepithelioma. A study of 41 cases. Br Med J 1962;2:953-956

• 49) Pai KN:A study of choriocarcinoma:Its incidence in India and its aetiopathogenesis. Choriocarcinoma:Transactions of a Conference of the International Union Against Cancer (Holland JF, Hreshchyshyn MM, eds). 1967;pp54-57, Springer-Verlag, Berlin

• 50) 長谷川敏雄:絨毛性腫瘍. 1967;pp193-194, 医学書院, 東京

• 51) 大口善市:絨毛上皮腫及び破壊性胞状奇胎120例の臨床的研究-殊に両者の性格の相違について. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌, 1966;18:1083

• 52) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp74-75, 永井書店, 大阪

• 53) Matalon M, Modan B:Epidemiologic aspects of hydatidiform mole in Israel. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;112:107-112

• 54) Hertz R, Lewis J Jr, Lippsett MB:Five years experience with the chemotherapy of metastatic choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumours in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1961;82:631-640

• 55) Novak E, Seah CS:Choriocarcinoma of the uterus:Study of 74 cases from Mathieu Memorial Chorionepithelioma Registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1954;67:933-961

• 56) Mogensen B:Invasive mole and gestational choriocarcinoma in Denmark, 1940-1969. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1973;52:211-220

• 57) Bagshawe KD:Choriocarcinoma. The Clinical Biology of the Trophoblast and Its Tumours. 1969;p68, Edward Arnold, London

• 58) Bagshawe KD:Risk and prognostic factors in trophoblastic neoplasia. Cancer 1976;38:1373-1385

III 絨毛細胞の発生と細胞生物学

P.54 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hubrecht AAW:Keimblattbildung und Placentation des Igels. Anat Anz 1888;3:510-515

• 2) Streeter GL:The "Miller" ovum, the youngest normal human embryo thus far known. Contrib Embryol Carneg Instn 1926;18:31-48

• 3) Stieve H:Ein ganz junges, in der Gebarmutter erhaltenes menschliches Ei (Keimling Werner). Z Mikranat Forsch 1936;40:281-322

• 4) Moore KL:The third week of human development. Before We Are Born. 1989;pp43-55, WB Saunders, Philadelphia

• 5) Boyd JD, Hamilton WJ:Villous stages-Thirteen to twenty-one days. The Human Placenta. 1970;pp61-70, W Heffer & Sons, Cambridge

• 6) Boyd JD, Hamilton WJ:The giant cells of the pregnant human uterus. J Obstet & Gynecol Br Emp 1960;67:208-218

• 7) 笹川 基, 渋谷伸一, ほか:正常妊娠におけるextravillous trophoblastの分化について. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1996;48:315-320

• 8) Pijnenborg R, Dixon G, et al:Trophoblastic invasion of human decidua from 8 to 18 weeks of pregnancy. Placenta 1980;1:3-19

• 9) Wynn RM:Cytotrophoblastic specializations:An ultrastructural study of the human placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;114:339-355

• 10) Kurman RJ, Main CS, Chen HC:Intermediate trophoblast:A distinctive form of trophoblas with specific morphological, biological and functional features. Placenta 1984;5:349-370

• 11) Wislocki GB, Padykula HA:Histochemistry and electron microscopy of the placenta. Sex and Internal Secretions. 1961;pp 883-957, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore

• 12) Gerbie AB, Hathaway HH, Brewer JI:Autoradiographic analysis of normal trophoblastic proliferation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968;100:640-648

• 13) Goodfellow CF, Taylor PV:Extraction and identification of trophoblast cells circulating in peripheral blood during Pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1982;89:65-68

• 14) Attwood HD, Park WW:Embolism to the lungs by trophoblast. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1961;68:611-617

• 15) Fox H, Elston CW:The development and structure of the placenta. Pathology of the Placenta. 1978;pp1-37, WB Saunders, London

• 16) Sasagawa M, Yamazaki T, et al:Immunohistochemical localization of HLA antigens and placental proteins (αhCG, βhCG CTP, hPL and SP1) in villous and extravillous trophoblast in normal human pregnancy:A distinctive pathway of differentiation of extravillous trophoblast Placenta 1987;8:515-528

• 17) Pijnenborg R, Bland JM, et al:The pattern of interstitial trophoblastic invasion of the myometrium in early human pregnancy. Placenta 1981;2:303-316

• 18) Sasagawa M, Watanabe S, et al:Reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies (Tromal and CAM5. 2) on human tissue sections:Analysis of their usefulness as a histological trophoblast marker in normal pregnancy and trophoblastic disease. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1986;5:345-356

• 19) Brosens I, Robertson WB, Dixon HG:The physiological response of the vessels of the placental bed to normal pregnancy. J Path Biol 1967;93:569-579

• 20) Ohlsson R, Glaser A, et al:The molecular biology of placental development. The Human Placenta (Redman CWG, et al, eds). 1993;pp33-81, Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford

• 21) Jokhi PP, King A, Loke YW:Reciprocal expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB2 by noninvasive and invasive human trophoblast populations. Cytokine 1994;6:433-442

• 22) McCracken S, Layton JE, et al:Expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and its receptor is regulated during the development of the human placenta. J Endocrinol 1996;149:249-258

• 23) Saito S, lbaraki T, et al:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces the growth and difrerentiation of normal pregnancy human cytotrophoblast cells and hydatidiform mole but does not induce the growth and differentiation of choriocarcinoma cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994;85:245-252

• 24) Hamilton GS, Lysiak JJ, et al:Effect of colony stimulating factor-1 on human extravillous trophoblast growth and invasion. J Endocrinol 1998;159:69-77

• 25) Athanassiades A, Hamilton GS, Lala PK:Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates proliferation but not migration or invasiveness in human extravillous trophoblast. Biol Reprod 1998;59:643-654

• 26) Matsumoto K, Yamamoto T, et al:Human chorionic gonadotropin-α gene is transcriptionally activated by epidermal growth factor through cAMP response element in trophoblast cells. J Biol Chem 1998;273:7800-7806

• 27) Vicovac L, Aplin JD:Epithelial-mesenchymal transition during trophoblast differentiation. Acta Anat (Basel) 1996;156:202-216

• 28) Hirano T, Higuchi T, et al:CD9 is expressed in extravillous trophoblasts in association with integrin α3 and integr in α5. Mol Hum Reprod 1999;5:162-167

• 29) Librach CL, Werb Z, et al:92-kD type IV collagenase mediates invasion of human cytotrophoblasts. J Cell Biol 1991;113:437-449

• 30) Graham CH:Effect of transforming growth factor-beta on the plasminogen activator system in cultured first trimester human cytotrophoblasts. Placenta 1997;18:137-143

• 31) Huppertz B, Kertschanska S, et al:Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), their substrates and their inhibitors (TIMP) during trophoblast invasion in the human placenta. Cell Tissue Res 1998;291:133-148

• 32) Hurskainen T, Seiki M, et al:Production of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-MMP-1) in early human placenta. A possible role in placental implantation? J Histochem Cytochem 1998;46:221-229

• 33) Librach CL, Feigenbaum SL, et al:Interleukin-1 beta regulates human cytotrophoblast metalloproteinase activity and invasion in vitro. J Biol Chem 1994;269:17125-17131

• 34) Zygmunt M, Hahn D, et al:Invasion of cytotrophoblastic (JEG-3) cells is upregulated by interleukin-15 in vitro. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998;40:326-331

• 35) Bass KE, Morrish D, et al:Human cytotrophoblast invasion is upregulated by epidermal growth factor:Evidence that paracrine factors modify this process. Dev Biol 1994;164:550-561

• 36) Omigbodun A, Coukos G, et al:Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) regulates the expression of fibronectin and its alpha 5 integrin receptor in human trophoblasts. Endocrinology 1998;139:2190-2193

• 37) Hamilton GS, Lysiak JJ, et al. :Autocrine-paracrine regulation of human trophoblast invasiveness by insulin-like grow th factor (IGF)-II and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1. Exp Cell Res 1998;244:147-156

• 38) Raga F, Casan EM, et al:Independent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-3 in human endometrial stromal cells by gonadotropin-releasing hormone:Implications in early human implantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:636-642

• 39) Bian J, Sun Y:Transcriptional activation by p53 of the human type IV collagenase (gelatinase A or matrix metalloproteinase 2) promoter. Mol Cell Biol 1997;17:6330-6338
  pubmed

• 40) Higuchi T, Kanzaki H, et al:Induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 gene expression during in vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. Endocrinology 1995;136:4973-4981

• 41) Roth I, Fisher SJ:IL-10 is an autocrine inhibitor of human placental cytotrophoblast MMP-9 production and invasion. Dev Biol 1999;205:194-204

• 42) Khoo NK, Bechberger JF, et al:SV40 Tag transformation of the normal invasive trophoblast results in a premalignant phenotype. I. Mechanism responsible for hyperinvasiveness and resistance to anti-invasive action of TGF beta. Int J Cancer 1998;77:429-439

• 43) Getsios S, Chen GT, et al:Regulated expression of cadherin-11 in human extravillous cytotrophoblasts undergoing agg regation and fusion in response to transforming growth factor beta 1. J Reprod Fertil 1998;114:357-363

P.69 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Pierce JG, Parson TF:Glycoprotein hormones:Structure and function. Annu Rev Biochem 1981;50:465-495

• 2) Lapthorn AJ, Harris DC, et al:Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin. Nature 1994;369:455-461

• 3) Matzuk MM, Keene JL, Boime I:Site specificity of the chorionic gonadotropin N-linked oligosaccharides in signal transduction. J Biol Chem 1989;264:2409-2414

• 4) Jameson JL, Hollenberg AN:Regulation of chorionic gonadotropin gene expression. Endocr Rev 1993;14:203-221

• 5) Bo M, Boime I:Identification of the transcriptionally active genes of the chorionic gonadotropin beta gene cluster in vivo. J Biol Chem 1992;267:3179-3184

• 6) Talmadge K, Vamvakopoulos NC, Fiddes JC:Evolution of the genes for the beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone. Nature 1984;307:37-40

• 7) Matzuk MM, Hsueh AJ, et al:The biological role of the carboxyl-terminal extension of human chorionic gonadotropin [corrected] beta-subunit. Endocrinology 1990;126:376-383

• 8) Wide L:An immunological method for the assay of human chorionic gonadotropin. Acta Endocrinol 1962;70 (suppl):1-111

• 9) Ashitaka Y, Nishimura R, et al:Serum and chorionic tissue concentrations of hCG and its subunits during Pregnancy. Endocrinol Jpn 1974;21:547-550

• 10) Hay DL:Discordant and variable production of hCG and its free α-and β-subunits in early pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;61:1195-1200

• 11) Hoshina M, Ashitaka Y, Tojo S:Immunohistochemical interaction on antisera to HCG and its subunits with chorionic tissue of early gestation. Endocrinol Jpn 1979;26:175-184

• 12) 保科 眞, アービング・ボイメ, 望月眞人:分子生物学的手法によるhPL, ならびにhCG(α, β)mRNAの絨毛組織内分布. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1984;36:397-404

• 13) Maruo T, Ladines-Llave CA, et al:A novel change in cytologic localization of human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen in first-trimester placenta in the course of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:217-222

• 14) Maruo T, Matsuo H, et al:Gestational age-dependent dual action of epidermal growth factor on human placenta early in gestation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:1362-1367

• 15) Maruo T, Matsuo H, et al:Differential modulation of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) subunit messenger ribonucleic acid levels and CG secretion by progesterone in normal placenta and choriocarcinoma cultured in vitro. Endocrinology 1986;119:855-864

• 16) 房 正規, 保科 眞, 望月眞人:絨毛性疾患におけるhCG, hPL遺伝子のMethylationと遺伝子制御機構に関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌1987;39:2144-2150

• 17) Molsberry RL, Carr BR, et al:Human chorionic gonadotropin binding to human fetal testes as a function of gestational age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;55:791-794

• 18) Papapetrou PD, Nicopoulou SC:The origin of a human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit-core fragment excreted in the urine of patients with cancer, Acta Endocrinol 1986;112:415-422

• 19) 北島隆史, 望月眞人, 西村隆一郎:絨毛性疾患患者尿中hCGの分子多様性とその臨床的意義. 絨毛細胞の発生と細胞生物学日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1991;43:297-303

• 20) Maruo T, Mochizuki M:Hydatidiform mole and related disorders. The First Twelve Weeks of Gestation (Barnea ER, Hustin J, Jauniaux E, eds). 1992;pp310-327, Springer-Verlag, New York

• 21) Birkin S, Maydelman Y, et al:Isolation and characterization of human pituitary chorionic gonadotropin. Endocrinology 1996;137:1402-1411

• 22) 丸尾 猛, 北島 隆, ほか:婦人科悪性腫瘍患者における尿中 hCGβ-core fragment 測定の意義. 産科と婦人科 1991;58:1197-1208

• 23) 望月眞人, 保科 眞:遺伝子工学からみた胎盤蛋白ホルモン. 産婦人科治療 1984;48:491-501

• 24) Baenziger JU, Kumar S, et al:Circulatory half-life but not interaction with the lutropin/chorionic gonadotropin receptor is modulated by sulfation of bovine lutropin oligosaccharides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89:334-338

• 25) Mizuochi T, Nishimura R, et al:Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin produced in choriocarcinoma. J Biol Chem 1983;258:14126-14129

• 26) Maruo T, Mochizuki M:Molecular endocrine aspects in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Implantation and Early Pregnancy in Humans (Barnea ER, Grudzinskas JG, Maruo T, eds). 1993;pp485-503, Parthenon Publishing, London

• 27) 宇都宮卓, 西村隆一郎, 望月眞人:ピーナッツレクチン Sepharose アフィニティークロマトグラフィーによる末端糖鎖不全 hCGの検出. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1985;37:555-561

• 28) 竹内康人, 松浦脩治, ほか:脱シアル酸化hCGムチン型糖鎖認識抗体の特異性決定とその臨床応用-asialo hCGの存在と絨毛性疾患, 悪性化との関連. 日本内分泌学会雑誌 1984;60:1046-1057

• 29) Moy E, Kimzey LM, et al:Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit functions synergistically with progesterone to stimulate differentiation of cultured human endometrial stromal cells to decidualized cells:A novel role for free alpha-subunit in reproduction. Endocrinology 1996;137:1332-1339

• 30) Hsieh TT, Hung TH, et al:Prediction of adverse perinatal outcome by maternal serum screening for Down syndrome in an Asian population. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:937-940

• 31) Walker WH, Fitzpatrick SL, et al:The human placental lactogen genes:Structure, function, evolution and transcriptional regulation. Endocr Rev 1991;12:316-328

• 32) Owerbach D, Rutter W, et al:Gene for growth hormone, chorionic somatomammotropin, and growth hormone like genes on chromosome 17 in humans. Science 1980;209:289-292

• 33) 望月眞人:ヒト胎盤ラクトーゲンに関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1973;25:1043-1047

• 34) 望月眞人:ヒト胎盤ラクトゲン. 周産期医学 1991;21:38-41

• 35) Nielsen PV, Pedersen H, Kampmann EM:Absence of human placental lactogen in an otherwise uneventful pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;135:322-326

• 36) Josimovich JB, MacLaren JA:Presence in the human placenta and term serum of a highly lactogenic substance immunological related to pituitary growth hormone. Endocrinology 1962;71:209-220

• 37) 望月眞人, 丸尾 猛:内分泌学からみた絨毛性疾患. 産婦人科 MOOK 38, 絨毛性疾患. 1987;pp61-83, 金原出版, 東京

• 38) Hoshina M, Hussa R, et al:Cytological distribution of chorionic gonadotropin subunit and placental lactogen messenger RNA in neoplasms derived from human placenta. J Cell Biol 1983;97:1200-1206

• 39) Finkler NJ:Placental site trophoblastic tumor:Diagnosis, clinical behavior and treatment. J Reprod Med 1991;36:27-30

• 40) Evian-Brion D:Maternal endocrine adaptations to placental hormones in humans. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999;428:12-16

• 41) Scippo ML, Frankenne F, et al:Syncytiotrophoblastic localization of the human growth hormone variant mRNA in the placenta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1993;92:R7-R13

• 42) Eriksson L, Frankenne F, et al:Growth hormone 24-h serum profiles during pregnancy:Lack of pulsatility for the secretion of the placental variant. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:949-953

• 43) Eriksson L, Frankenne F, et al:Growth hormone secretion during termination of pregnancy. Further evidence of a placental variant. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988;67:549-552

• 44) MacLeod JN, Worsley I, et al:Human growth hormone-variant is a biologically active somatogen and lactogen. Endocrinology 1991;128:1298-1302

• 45) Alsat E, Guibourdenche J, et al:Human placental growth hormone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1526-1534

• 46) Beckers A, Stevenaert A, et al:Placental and pituitary growth hormone secretion during pregnancy in acromegalic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:725-731

• 47) Martinez-Rodriguez HG, Guerra-Rodriguez NE, et al:Expression of human placental lactogen and variant growth hormone genes in placentas. Arch Med Res 1997;28:507-512

• 48) Tojo S, Kanazawa S, et al:Human chorionic TSH (hCT) during normal or molar pregnancy. Endocronol Jpn 1973;20:505-515
  pubmed

• 49) Amir SM, Kasagi K, Ingbar SH:The role of subunit sialic acid in the thyrotropic and gonadotropic activities of human chorionic gonadotropin. Endocrinology 1987;121:160-166

• 50) Nisula BC, Morgan FJ, Canfield RE:Evidence that chorionic gonadotropin has intrinsic thyrotropic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974;59:86-91

• 51) Kraiem Z, Lahat N, et al:Desialylated and deglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin are superagonists of native human chorionic gonadotropin in human thyroid follicles. Thyroid 1997;7:783-788

• 52) Yamazaki K, Sato K, et al:Potent thyrotropic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin variants in terms of 1251 incorp oration and de novo synthesized thyroid hormone release in human thyroid follicles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:473-479

• 53) Fares FA, Gruener N, Kraiem Z:The role of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of the alpha-subunit in human thyrotropin bioactivity. Endocrinology 1996;137:555-560

• 54) Spiess J, Rivier C, et al:Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin. Science 1981;213:1394-1397

• 55) Shibasaki T, Odagiri E, et al:Corticotropin-releasing factor-like activity in human placental extracts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;55:384-386

• 56) Sasaki A, Liotta AS, et al:Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor is present in human maternal plasma during the third trimester of pregnancy. J Clin Edocrinol Metab 1984;59:812-814

• 57) Riley SC, Walton JC, et al:The localization and distribution of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the human placenta and fetal membranes throughout gestation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:1001-1007

• 58) Mochizuki M, Kitagawa M, et al:Gene expression of placental corticotropin releasing hormone and its clinical relevance. Implantation and Early Pregnancy (Barnea ER, Grudzinskas JG, Maruo T, eds). 1994;pp283-294, Parthenon Publishing, London

• 59) Robinson BG, Emanuel RL, et al:Glucocorticoid stimulates expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene in human placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988;85:5244-5248

• 60) Challis JR, Brooks AN:Maturation and activation of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal function in fetal sheep. Endocr Rev 1989;10:182-204

P.79 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 矢内原巧, 小崎俊男, 平戸久美子:胎盤の産生物質-ステロイドホルモン. 胎盤-基礎と臨床 (高木繁夫, 須川 倍, ほか編). 1991;pp208-214, 南江堂, 東京

• 2) 岩下利光:胎児-胎盤系の生理. 標準産科婦人科学(桑原慶紀, 丸尾 猛, 編). 1999;pp254-263, 医学書院, 東京

• 3) Nakayama T:Biosynthesis of estrogens in in vitro perfusion of the human placenta. Endocrinol Jpn 1974;14:1251-1257

• 4) Siiteri PK, MacDonald PC:Placental estrogen biosynthesis during human pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1966;26:751-761

• 5) Dell'Acqua S, Mancuso S, et al:Studies on the aromatization of neutral steroids in pregnant women. Acta Endocrinol 1967;55:401-414

• 6) Schindler AE, Siiteri PK:Isolation and quantitation of steroids from normal human amniotic fluid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1968;28:1189-1198

• 7) Resnik R, Killam AP, et al:The stimulation of uterine blood flow by various estrogens. Endocrinology 1974;94:1192-1196

• 8) Clark JH, Paszko Z, et al:Nuclear binding and retention of the receptor estrogen complex:Relation to the agonistic an d antagonistic properties of estriol. Endocrinology 1977;100:91-96

• 9) Resnic R, Brink GW:Modulating effects of prostaglandins on the vascular bed. Gynecol Inves 1977;8:10-16

• 10) 林 茂樹, 望月眞人:DHA-S 負荷試験による妊娠中毒症妊婦の胎盤機能予備能の判定. 産婦人科の進歩 1984;36:209-220

• 11) Diczfalusy E, Troen P:Endocrine functions of the human placenta. Vitam Horm 1961;19:229-235

• 12) Hellig HD, Gattereau D, et al:Steroid production from plasma choresterol:Conversion of plasma cholesterol to ptacental progesterone in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1970;30:624-631

• 13) Casey ML, MacDonald PC, Simpson ER:Endocrinologic changes in pregnancy. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (Foster DW, Wilson JD, eds). 1992;pp977-979, WB Saunders, Philadelphia

• 14) Furuhashi M, Seo H, et al:Expression of low density lipoprotein receptor gene in human placenta during Pregnancy. Mol Endocrinol 1989;3:1252-1256

• 15) Winkel SA, MacDonald PC, Simpson ER:The role of receptor-mediated low-density lipoprotein uptake and degradation in the regulation of progesterone biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism by human trophoblast. Placenta 1981;3:133-143

• 16) Alsat E, Bouali Y, Goldstein S:Low-density lipoprotein binding sites in the microvillous membranes of human placenta at different stages of gestation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1984;38:197-203

• 17) Wittmaack FM, Matsuo H, et al:Localization and regulation of the human very low density lipoprotein/apoprotein-E receptor:Trophoblast expression predicts a role for the receptor in placental lipid transport. Endocrinology 1995;136:340-348

• 18) Maruo T, Matsuo H, et al:Differential modulation of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) subunit messenger ribonucleic acid levels and CG secretion by progesterone in normal placenta and choriocarcinoma cultured in vitro. Endocrinology 1986;119:855-864

• 19) 丸尾 猛, 望月眞人:絨毛の機能分化と胎盤ホルモン-そのSelf-regulationの特性と成長因子の関与. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1986;38:610-616

• 20) Siiteri PK, Febres F, et al:Progesterone and maintenance of pregnancy:is progesterone nature's immunosuppressant? Ann NY Acad Sci 1977;286:384-397

• 21) Zhang J, Weston PG, Hixon JE:Role of progesterone and estradiol in the regulation of uterine oxytocin receptors in ewes. J Reprod Fertil 1992;94:395-404

• 22) Fomin VP, Cox BE, Word RA:Effect of progesterone on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in human myometrial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 1999;276:379-385

• 23) Ehring GR, Kerschbaum HH, et al:Nongenomic mechanism for progesterone-mediated immunosuppression:Inhibition of K+ channels, Ca2+ signaling, and gene expression in T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1998;188:1593-1602

• 24) 望月眞人:内分泌臓器としての胎盤. 臨床科学 1984;20:280-288

• 25) 東條伸平, 望月眞人:胎盤の内分泌. 臨床婦人科産科 1975;29:601-610

• 26) Dawood MY:The source of estradiol-17β in trophobtastic neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975;123:286-290

• 27) 東條伸平, 丸尾 猛:胎盤ホルモン. 臨床内分泌病学(鎮目和夫, 井村裕夫, 編). 1986;p565, 朝倉書店, 東京

• 28) 宮本紀男:絨毛性腫瘍患者における血中 progesterone, 17α-OH-progesteroneおよびestrogenの分泌動態に関する研究. 日本内分泌学会雑誌 1977;53:203-211

• 29) Goh HH, Rathnam SS:Steroidogenesis in hydatidiform mole:Sources of androgen. Ann Acad Med 1982;11:561-566

• 30) 坂口憲吾:絨毛性腫瘍における酵素組織学的研究. 産婦人科の進歩 1976;28:445-459

• 31) Van Leusden HA, Vilee CA:Hormonal changes in pathological pregnancy. Vitam Horm Review 1972;30:281-361

• 32) Bahn RS, Worsham A, Speeg KV:Characterization of steroid production in cultured human choriocarcinoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;52:447-450

• 33) 小林理章, 丸尾 猛, 望月眞人:腫瘍性トロホブラストのestrogen産生能に関する研究-特にdehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 負荷後の血中 estradiolの動態解析. 産婦人科の進歩 1986;38:27-37

P.96 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Bohn H:Biochemistry of placental proteins, Proteins of the Placenta (Bischof P, Klopper A, eds). 5th International Congress on Placental Proteins, Annecy 1984. 1985;pp1-25, Karger, Basel

• 2) Bohn H, Winckler W:Isolation and characterization of four new placental tissue protein (PP18, PP19, PP20, PP21). Arch Gynecol 1985;236:235-242

• 3) Lin TM, Halbert SP, et al:Characterization of four human pregnancy-associated plasma proteins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974;118:223-236

• 4) Bischof P:Purification and characterisation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Arch Gynaek 1979;227:315-326

• 5) Tosten K, Claus O, et al:Amino acid sequence of human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A derived from cloned cDNA, Biochemistry 1994;33:1592-1598

• 6) Martin-du-pan RC, Bischof P, et al:Immunosuppressive activity of seminal plasma and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in men. Arch Androl 1983;10:185-188

• 7) Sinosich MJ, Davey MW, et al:Specific inhibition of human granulocyte elastase by human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Biochem Int 1982;5:777-786

• 8) 鈴木良知, 杉山 力一, ほか:母体血清中 Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A)の動態に関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1999;51:1163-1167

• 9) Grudzinskas JG, Westergaard JG, Teisner B:Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in normal and abnormal pregnancy. Protein of the Placenta (Bischof P, Klopper A, eds). 5th International Congress on Placental Proteins, Annecy 1984. 1985;pp184-197, Karger, Basel

• 10) Westergaard JG, Sinosich MJ, et al:Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in the prediction of early pregnancy failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;145:67-69

• 11) Sinosich MJ, Ferrier A, et al:Circulating pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and its tissue concentrations in tubal ectopic gestation. Clin J Reprod Fertil 1985;3:311-317

• 12) Westergaard JG, Chemnits J, et al:Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A:A possible marker in the classification and prenatal diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Prenat Diagn 1983;3:225-232

• 13) Brambati B, Macintosh MCM, et al:Low maternal serum level of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in the first trimester in association with abnormal fetal karyotype. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993;100:323-326

• 14) Brambati B, Tului L, et al:Serum PAPP-A and freeβ-hCG are first-trimester screening markers for Down syndrome. Prenat Diagn 1994;14:1043-1047

• 15) Bersinger NA, Brizot ML, et al:First trimester maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein in fetal trisomies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101:970-974

• 16) 鈴木良知, 高田淳子, ほか:母体血清中 PAPP-A及びfree β-hCG 濃度測定による妊娠初期21 トリソミースクリーニングの試み. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1998;50:37-40

• 17) 鈴木良知, 臼田三郎, ほか:ヒト顆粒膜細胞よりのPregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A)の産生・分泌に関する検討. 日本受精着床学会雑誌 1998;15:234-237

• 18) Sjoberg J, Wahlstrom T, Seppala M:Hyperstimulated human preovulatory follicular fluid. luteinized cells of unruptured follicles, and corpus luteum contain pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Fertil Steril 1984;41:551-557

• 19) Bischof P, Rapin CH, et al:Is pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A a tumor marker? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;143:378-381

• 20) Stabile I, Grudzinskas JG, Chard T:Clinical applications of pregnancy protein estimations with particular reference to pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Obstet Gynecol Surv 1988;43:73-82

• 21) 斎藤俊樹:妊娠時における Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) による妊娠特殊タンパク (SP1) 測定の検討. 東京医科大学雑誌 1987;45:428-439

• 22) Seppala M, Rutanen EM, et al:Detection of trophoblastic tumor activity by pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein. Int J Cancer 1978;21:265-267

• 23) Bagshawe KD, Lequin RM, Sizaret PH:Pregnancy beta-1-glycoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin in the serum of patients with trophoblastic and non-trophoblastic tumors. Eur J Cancer (Oxford) 1978;14:1331-1335

• 24) Takayama M, Soma H, et al:Diagnostic reliability of simultaneous measurements of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein in serum of patients with trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1987;23:151-156

• 25) Tatarinov YS, Sokolov AV:Development of radioimmunoassay for pregnancy-specific beta 1-globulin and its measurement in serum of patients with trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumors. Int J Cancer 1977;19:161-166

• 26) Rutanen EM, Bohn H, Seppala M:Radioimmunoassay of placental protein 12:Levels in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and serum of healthy adults, pregnant women, and patients with trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:460-463

• 27) Wathen NC, Egembah S, et al:Levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 increase rapidly in amniotic fluid from 11 to 16 weeks of pregnancy. J Endocrinol 1993;137:R1-R4

• 28) 久保田武美, 飯田 信, ほか:破水診断におけるInsulin-like growth factor binding protein-1の基礎的, 臨床的検討. 周産期医学 1995;25:837-841

• 29) Baxter RC, Martin JL:Binding proteins for the insulin-like growth factors:Structure, regulation and function. Preg Growth Factor Res 1989;1:49-68

• 30) Than GN, Csaba IF, et al:Levels of placenta-specific tissue protein 12 (PP12) in serum during normal pregnancy and in patients with trophoblastic tumor. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1983;234:39-46

• 31) Rutanen EM, Bohn H, Seppala M:Radioimmunoassay of placental protein 12:Levels in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and serum of healthy adults. pregnant women, and patients with trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:460-463

• 32) Inaba N, Renk T, et al:Ectopic synthesis of pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein (SPI) and placental specific tissue proteins (PP5, PP10, PP11, PP12) in nontrophoblastic malignant tumors. Possible markers in oncology. Klin Wochenschr 1980;58:789-791

• 33) Iino K, Seppala M, et al:Elevated levels of a somatomedin-binding protein PP12 in patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer 1986;58:2294-2297

• 34) Huhtala ML, Seppala M, et al:Amino acid sequence homology between human placental protein 14 and β-lactoglobulins from various species. Endocrinology 1987;120:2620-2622

• 35) Bolton AE, Pockley AG, et al:Identification of placental protein 14 as an immunosuppressive factor in human reproduction. Lancet 1987;i:593-595

• 36) 鈴木良知, 高山雅臣:胎盤と免疫. 周産期医学 1998;28:713-717

• 37) 杉山力一, 鈴木良知, ほか:Placental Protein 14 (PP14)の子宮内膜よりの産生・分泌に関する検討. 産婦人科の実際 1999;48:299-306

• 38) Baral JR, Suzuki Y, et al:Synthesis and secretion of placental protein 14 in human endometrium. J Tokyo Med Com 1996;54:447-459

• 39) Seppala M, Wahlstrom T, et al:Endometrial proteins as indicators of endometrial function. Placental and Endometrial Proteins:Basic and Clinical Aspects (Tomoda Y, et al, eds). 1988;pp35-42, VNU Science Press, Utrecht

• 40) Seppala M, Ronnberg L, et al:Micronized oral progesterone increases the circulating level of endometrial secretory PP14/β-lactoglobulin-homologue. Hum Reprod 1987;2:453-455

• 41) Than G, Seppala M, et al:The effect of danazol on the circulating level of 34 K insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (PP12) and secretory endometrial protcin (PP14). Hum J Reprod 1987;2:549-551

• 42) 鈴木良知, 井坂恵一, ほか:Placental Protein 14 (PP14) に対するラジオイムノアッセイの開発. 産科と婦人科 1996;63:1710-1716

• 43) Westergaard LG, Wiberg N, et al:Circulating concentrations of placenta protein 14 during the natural menstrual cycle in women significantly reflect endometrial receptivity to implantation and pregnancy during successive assisted reproduction cycles. Hum Reprod 1998;13:2612-2619

• 44) Tulppala M, Julkunen M, et al:Habitual abortion is accompanied by low serum levels of placental protein 14 in the luteal phase of the fertile cycle. Fertil Steril 1995;63:792-795

• 45) Than GN, Tatra G, et al:Serum PP14, SP1, and hCG values in the 28 days after the LH surge in patients who do and do not conceive after artificial Insemination or in vitro fertilization. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1988;243:139-144

• 46) Nylund L, Gustafson O, et al:Placental protein 14 in human in vitro fertilization early pregnancies. Hum Reprod 1992;7:128-130

• 47) Than GN, Tatra G, et al:Beta lactoglobuhn homologue placental protein 14 (PP14) in serum of patients with trophoblasti c disease and non-trophoblastic gynecologic malignancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1988;243:131-137

• 48) Telimaa S, Kouppila A, et al:Elevated serum levels of endometrial secretory protein PP14 in patients with advanced endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:866-871

• 49) Takayama M, Soma H, et al:Circulating levels of placental protein 5 in normal and abnormal pregnancies. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1983;16:13-26

• 50) Takayama M, Soma H, et al:Levels of placental protein 10 (PP10) in maternal serum in normal and pathologic pregnancies. Biol Res Pregnancy 1985;6:168-172

• 51) Tiitinen A, Than GN, et al:Placental protein 10 (PP10) in the serum of patients with tropho-blastic and nontrophoblastic gynaecological tumours. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1987;241:43-46

• 52) Yoshino H, Endo Y, et al:Significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 as a prognostic marker in primary lung cancer:Association of decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 with lymph node metastasis. Br J Cancer 1998;78:833-839

• 53) Takayama M, Isaka K, et al:Placental-tissue protein 19:Localization, dynamics, and molecular biological characteristics. Placenta;Basic Research for Clinical Application (Soma H, ed). 1991;pp126-146, Karger, Basel

• 54) Takayama M, Isaka K, et al:Comparative study of placental protein 19, human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-specific β1 glycoprotein as immunohistochemical markers for extravillous trophoblast in pregnancy and trophoblastic disease. Histochemistry 1989;93:167-173

• 55) Takayama M, Isaka K, et al:Placental protein 21. Localization in human placenta and concentrations in the body fluids of men and nonpregnant and pregnant women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1988;25:223-238

• 56) Bohn H, Winckler W:Isolation and characterization of five new soluble placental tissue proteins (PP22, PP23, PP24, PP25, PP26). Arch Gynecol Obstet 1991;248:111-115

• 57) Funayama H, Iidzuka S, et al:Immunohistochemicail localization of new placental proteins (PP20, PP25, PP26) in normal pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease. Trophoblast Research 1994;8:355-365

IV 絨毛性疾患の細胞遺伝学

P.112 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 2) Lawler SD, Fisher RA, Dent J:A prospective genetic study of complete and partial hydatidiform moles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:1270-1277

• 3) Vassilakos P, Riotton G, Kajii T:Hydatidiform mole:Two entities. A morphologic and cytogenetic study with some clinical consideration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;127:167-170

• 4) Jacobs PA, Hunt PA, et al:Complete and partial hydatidiform mole in Hawaii:Cytogenetics, morphology and epidemiology. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1982;89:258-266

• 5) Surti U, Szulman AE:Genetics of hydatidiform moles:Pittsburgh study. Trophoblastic Disease, 17. 1986, Igaku-shoin, Tokyo, New York

• 6) 大濱紘三:絨毛性疾患の染色体分析. 病理と臨床 1995;13:369-371

• 7) Kajii T, Niikawa N:Origin of triploidy and tetraploidy in man:11 cases with chromosome markers. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1977;18:109-125

• 8) 大濱紘三, 岡本悦治, ほか:全胞状奇胎および部分胞状奇胎の発生と病態に関する研究. 1. 全胞状奇胎の発生機序. 広島医学 1983;36:1116-1123

• 9) Jacobs PA, Szulman AE, et al:Human triploidy:relationship between parental origin of the additional haploid complement and development of partial hydatidiform mole. Ann Hum Genet 1982;46:223-231

• 10) Azuma C, Saji F, et al:Application of gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction to genetic analysis of molar mitochondrial DNA:The detection of anuclear empty ovum as the cause of complete mole. Gynecol Oncol 1991;40:29-33

• 11) 三春範夫, 林 聡, ほか:DNA多型解析およびFISH法を用いた胞状奇胎の診断. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1997;49:797-804

• 12) Ambani LM, Vaidya RA, et al:Familial occurrence of trophoblastic disease-report of recurrent molar pregnancies in sisters in three families. Clin Genet 1980;18:27-29

• 13) La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, et al:Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms in homozygous twins. Obstet Gynecol 1982;60:250-252

• 14) Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, et al:Familial trophoblastic disease:Case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;149:382-383

• 15) Kircheisen R, Ried T:Hydatidiform moles. Hum Reprod 1994;9:1783-1784

• 16) Seoud M, Khalil A, et al:Recurrent molar pregnancies in a family with extensive intermarriage:Report of a family and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86:692-695

• 17) Helwani MN, Seoud M, et al:A familial case of recurrent hydatidiform molar pregnancies with biparental genomic contribution. Hum Genet 1999;105:112-115

P.118 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 2) Vassilakos P, Riotton G, Kajii T:Hydatidiform mole:Two entities. A morphologic and cytogenetic study with some clinical consideration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;127:167-170

• 3) Szulman AE, Surti U:The syndromes of hydatidiform mole. II. Morphologic evolution of the complete and partial mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;132:20-27

• 4) Paradinas FJ, Browne P, et al:A clinical, histopathological and flow cytometric study of 149 complete moles, 146 partial moles and 107 non-molar hydropic abortions. Histopathology 1996;28(2):101-110

• 5) Zaragoza MV, Keep D, et al:Early complete hydatidiform moles contain inner cell mass derivatives. A J Med Genet 1997;70:273-277

• 6) Bianchi DW, Wilkins-Haug LE, et al:Origin of extraembryonic mesoderm in experimental animals:Relevance to chorionic mosaicism in humans. Am J Med Genet 1993;46(5):542-550

• 7) Fukunaga M, Endo Y, Ushigome S:Flow cytometric and clinicopathologic study of 197 hydatidiform moles with special reference to the significance of cytometric aneuploidy and literature review. Cytometry 1995;22:135-138

• 8) Teng NN, Ballon SC:Partial hydatidiform mole with diploid karyotype:Report of three cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;150(8):961-964

• 9) Lage JM, Berkowitz RS, et al:Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in partial hydatidiform moles with persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77(1):111-115

• 10) Paradinas FJ, Fisher RA, et al:Diploid hydatidiform moles with fetal red blood cells in molar villi. 1-Pathology, incidence, and prognosis. J Pathol 1997;181(2):183-188

• 11) Fisher RA, Paradinas FJ, et al:Diploid hydatidiform moles with fetal red blood cells in molar villi. 2-Genetics. J Pathol 1997;181(2):189-195

• 12) Kovacs BW, Shahbahrami B, et al:Molecular genetic analysis of complete hydatidiform moles. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1991;54(2):143-152

• 13) Jacobs PA, Hunt PA, et al:Complete and partial hydatidiform mole in Hawaii:Cytogenetics, morphology and epidemiology. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1982;89(4):258-266

• 14) Vejerslev LO, Sunde L, et al:Hydatidiform mole and fetus with normal karyotype:Support of a separate entity. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77(6):868-874

• 15) Mutter GL, Stewart CL, et al:Oppositely imprinted genes H19 and insulin-like growth factor 2 are coexpressed in human androgenetic trophoblast. Am J Hum Genet 1993;53(5):1096-1102

• 16) Walsh C, Miller SJ, et al:Paternally derived H19 is differentially expressed in malignant and nonmalignant trophoblast. Cancer Res 1995;55(5):1111-1116

• 17) Helwani MN, Seoud M, et al:A familial case of recurrent hydatidiform molar pregnancies with biparental genomic contribution. Hum Genet 1999;105:112-115

• 18) Moglabey YB, Kircheisen R, et al:Genetic mapping of a maternal locus responsible for familial hydatidiform moles. Hum Mol Genet 1999;8:667-671

• 19) Zhang Y, Tycko B:Monoallelic expression of the human H19 gene. Nat Genet 1992;1:40-44

• 20) Barlow DP, Stoger R, et al:The mouse insulin-like growth factor type-2 receptor is imprinted and closely linked to the Time locus. Nature 1991;349:84-87

• 21) Leff SE, Brannan CI, et al:Maternal imprinting of the mouse Snrpn gene and conserved linkage homology with the human Prader-Wiill syndrome region. Nat Genet 1992;2:259-264

• 22) Ohlsson R, Nystrom A, et al:IGF2 is parentally imprinted during human embryogenesis and in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Nat Genet 1993;4:94-97

• 23) Lage JM:Placentomegaly with massive hydrops of placental stem villi, diploid DNA content, and fetal omphaloceles:Possible association with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Hum Pathol 1991;22:591-597

P.128 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 2) Hertig AT, Sheldon WH:Hydatidiform mole:A pathologic-clinical correlation of 200 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1947;53:1-36

• 3) Azuma C, Saji F, et al:Application of gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction to genetic analysis of molar mito chondrial DNA:The detection of a nuclear empty ovum as the cause of complete mole. Gynecol Oncol 1991;40:29-33

• 4) Szulman AE, Surti U:The syndromes of hydatidiform mole. I. Cytogenetic and morphologic correlations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;131:665-671

• 5) Surani MA, Barton SC, Norris ML:Development of reconstituted mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis. Nature 1984;308:548-550

• 6) Barton SC, Surani MA, Norris ML:Role of paternal and maternal genomes in mouse development. Nature 1984;311:374-376

• 7) Surani MA, Barton SC, Norris ML:Influence of parental chromosomes on spatial specificity in androgenetic-parthenogenetic chimaeras in the mouse. Nature 1987;326:395-397

• 8) Zaragoza MV, Keep D, et al:Early complete hydatidiform moles contain inner cell mass derivatives. Am J Med Genet 1997;70:273-277

• 9) Cattanach BM, Beechey CV, et al:Time of initiation and site of action of the mouse chromosome 11 imprinting effects. Genet Res 1996;68:35-44

• 10) Ogawa O, Eccles MR, et al:Relaxation of insulin-like growth factor II gene imprinting implicated in Wilms' tumour. Nature 1993;362:749-751

• 11) Rainier S, Johnson LA, et al:Relaxation of imprinted genes in human cancer. Nature 1993;362:747-749

• 12) Suzuki H, Veda R, et al:Altered imprinting in lung cancer. Nat Genet 1994;6:332-333

• 13) Zhan S, Shapiro DN, Helman LJ:Activation of an imprinted allele of the insulin-like growth factor II gene implicated in rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Invest 1994;94:445-448

• 14) Hashimoto K, Azuma C, et al:Loss of imprinting in choriocarcinoma. Nat Genet 1995;9:109-110

• 15) Walsh C, Miller SJ, et al:Paternally derived H19 is difrerentially expressed in malignant and nonmalignant trophoblast. Cancer Res 1995;55:1111-1116

• 16) Arima T, Matsuda T, et al:Association of IGF2 and H19 imprinting with choriocarcinoma development. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997;93:39-47

• 17) Wake N, Seki T, et al:Malignant potential of homozygous and heterozygous complete moles. Cancer Res 1984;44:1226-1230

• 18) Fisher RA, Lawler SD:Heterozygous complete hydatidiform moles:Do they have a worse prognosis than homozygous complete moles? Lancet 1984;ii:51

• 19) Azuma C, Saji E et al:Studies on the pathogenesis of choriocarcinoma by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Cancer Res 1990;50:488-491

• 20) Chaganti RS, Koduru PR, et al:Genetic origin of a trophoblastic choriocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1990;50:6330-6333

• 21) Osada H, Kawata M, et al:Genetic identification of pregnancies responsible for choriocarcinomas after multiple pregnancies by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:682-688

• 22) Fisher RA, Newlands ES, et al:Gestational and nongestational trophoblastic tumors distinguished by DNA analysis. Cancer 1992;69:839-845

• 23) Suzuki T, Goto S, et al:Identification of the pregnancy responsible for gestational trophoblastic disease by DNA analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:629-634

• 24) Arima T, Imamura T, et al:Malignant trophoblastic neoplasms with different modes of origin. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995;85:5-15

• 25) Vojtassak J, Repiska V, et al:Origin of choriocarcinoma in previous molar pregnancy proved by DNA analysis. Neoplasma 1996;43:57-59

• 26) Suryanarayan K, O'Hanlan KA, et al:Nongestational choriocarcinoma in the postpartum period:A case report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1998;20:169-173

• 27) Fox H, Laurini RN:Intraplacental choriocarcinoma:A report of two cases. J Clin Pathol 1988;41:1085-1088

• 28) Christopherson WA, Kanbour A, Szulman AE:Choriocarcinoma in a term placenta with maternal metastases. Gynecol Oncol 1992;46:239-245

• 29) Heifetz SA, Czaja J:In situ choriocarcinoma arising in partial hydatidiform mole:Implications for the risk of persistent trophoblastic disease. Pediat Pathol 1992;12:601-611

P.137 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 2) Wake N, Takagi N, Sasaki M:Androgenesis as a cause of hydatidiform mole. J Natl Cancer Inst 1978;60:51-57

• 3) Ohama K, Ueda K, et al:Cytogenetic and clinicopathologic studies of partial moles. Obstet Gynecol 1986;68:259-262

• 4) 加藤秀則:癌遺伝子診断の現状と将来. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1998;50:N321-N324

• 5) Matsui H, litsuka Y, et al:Androgenetic complete mole coexistent with a twin live fetus. Gynecol Oncol 1999;74:217-221

• 6) Osada H, Kawata M, et al:Genetic identification of pregnancies responsible for choriocarcinomas after multiple pregna ncies by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:1682-688

• 7) Fisher RA, Newlands ES, et al:Gestational and nongestational trophoblastic tumors distinguished by DNA analysis. Cancer 1992;69:839-845

• 8) Suzuki T, Goto S, et al:Identification of the pregnancy responsible for gestational trophoblastic disease by DNA analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:629-634

• 9) Arima T, Imamura T, et al:Malignant trophoblastic neoplasms with different modes of origin. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995;85:5-15

• 10) Lage JM, Sheikh SS:Genetic aspects of gestational trophoblastic diseases:A general overview with emphasis on new approaches in determining genetic composition. Surgical Pathology Gen Diagn Patho 1997;143:109-115

• 11) Arima T, Imamura T, et al:Genetic origin of malignant trophoblastic neoplasms. Cancer Genet Crytogenet 1994;73:95-102

• 12) Fulop V, Mok SC, et al:c-myc, c-erbB-2, c-fms and bcl-2 oncoproteins. Expression in normal placenta, partial and complete mole, and choriocarcinoma. J Reprod Med 1998;43:101-110

• 13) 藤野敬史:絨毛癌における癌遺伝子変異の検討. 北海道医学雑誌 1987;62:798-807

• 14) 横山志郎, 寺島芳輝, ほか:正常妊娠と絨毛性疾患におけるc-myc, c-fms, c-sis遺伝子の発現に関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会誌 1988;40:1867-1874

• 15) Park JS, Namkoong SE, et al:Expression and amplification of cellular oncogenes in human developing placenta and neoplastic trophoblastic tissue. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1992;18:57-64

• 16) Bauer M, Horn LC, et al:C-erbB-2 amplification and expression in gestational trophoblastic disease correlates with DNA content and karyotype. Gen Diagn Pathol 1997;143:185-190

• 17) Shi YF, Xie X, et al:Lack of mutation in tumour-suppressor gene p53 in gestational trophoblastic tumours. Br J Cancer 1996;73:1216-1219

• 18) Fulop V, Mok SC, et al:p53, p21, Rb and mdm2 oncoproteins. Expression in normal placenta, partial and complete mole, and choriocarcinoma. J Reprod Med 1998;43:119-127

• 19) Yaginuma Y, Yamashita T, et al:Analysis of the p53 gene in human choriocarcinoma cell lines. Br J Cancer 1995;71:9-12

• 20) Tycko B:Genomic imprinting and cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 1999;25:133-169

• 21) 松田貴雄, 加藤秀則, 和氣徳夫:インプリンティングと腫瘍. Molecular Medicine 1998;35:858-865

• 22) Bartolomei MS, Webber AL, et al:Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the imprinting of mouse H19 gene. Genes Dev 1993;7:1663-1673

• 23) Ogawa O, Eccles MR, et al:Relaxiation of insulin-like growth factor II gene imprinting implicated in Wilms' tumor. Nature 1993;362:746-749

• 24) Hashimoto K, Azuma C, et al:Loss of imprinting in choriocarcinoma. Nat Genet 1995;9:109-110

• 25) Arima T, Matsuda T, Takagi N:Malignant trophoblastic neoplasms with different modes of origin. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997;93:39-47

• 26) Knudson AG:Overview:Genes that predispose to cancer. Mutant Res 1991;247:185-190

• 27) Matsuda T, Sasaki M, et al:Human chromosome 7 carries a putative tumor suppressor gene(s) involved in choriocarcinoma. Oncogene 1997;15:2773-2781

• 28) Kato N, Shimotohno K, VanLeeuwen D:Human proviral mRNAs down regulated in choriocarcinoma encode a zinc finger prote in related to KruppeL Mol Cell Biol 1990;10:4401-4405

V 胞状奇胎の形態発生

P.145 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 2) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995;pp8-19, 金原出版, 東京

• 3) WHO:Histological Typing of Female Genital Tract Tumours, 2nd ed (Scully RE, ed). 1994;pp31-38, Springer-Verlag, Berlin

• 4) Park WW:Discussion of 'Genesis of hydatidiform mole'. Ann NY Acad Sci 1959;80:99-103

• 5) Park WW:Disorders arising from the human trophoblast. Modern Trends in Pathology (Collins DH, ed). 1959;pp180-211, Butter worth, London

• 6) Park WW:Choriocarcinoma:A study of Its Pathology. 1971, Heinemann, Philadelphia

• 7) Alter MN, Cosgrove SA:Hydatidiform mole:Practical considerations. Obstet Gynecol 1955;5:755-760

• 8) Hertig AT, Edmons HW:Genesis of hydatidiform mole. Archives of Pathology 1940;30:260-291

• 9) Takeuchi S:Immunology of spontaneous abortion and hydatidiform mole. Am J Reprod Immunol 1980;1:23-28

• 10) Takeuchi S:Immunology in genesis of partial and total hydatidiform mole. Human Trophoblast Neoplasms (Pattillo RA, Hu ssa RO, eds). 1984;pp81-110, Plenum Press, New York

• 11) Hertig AT, Sheldon WH:Hydatidiform mole:A pathologico-clinical correlation of 200 cases. Am. J Obstet Gynecol 1947;53:1-36

• 12) Hertig AT, Mansell H:Tumors of the female sex organs. Part I, Hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Atlas of Tumor Pathology. Section 9, Fascicle 33. 1956, AFIP, Washington DC

• 13) Novak E:Pathological aspects of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1950;59:1355-1372

• 14) Hunt W, Dockerty MB, Randall LM:Hydatidiform mole:A clinicopathologic study "grading" as a measure of possible malignant change. Obstet Gynecol 1953;1:593-609

• 15) Messerli ML, Parmley T, et al:Inter-and intra-pathologist variability in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69:622-627

• 16) Huber CP, Mellin JR, Vellios F:Changes in chorionic tissue of aborted pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1957;73:569-576

• 17) Elston CW, Bagshawe KD:The value of histological grading in the management of hydatidiform mole. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1972;79:717-724

• 18) 小幡憲郎:胞状奇胎形成過程に関する臨床免疫病理学的研究. 第31回日本産科婦人科学会北日本連合地方部会特別講演要旨. 1983;p15, 金沢

• 19) Boue JG, Boue A, et al:The Biology and Pathology of Aging Gametes (Blandou RJ, ed). 1974, Karger, Basel

• 20) Boue A, Boue JG, et al:The Physiology and Genetics of Reproduction, vol II (Fuchs F, ed) 1974;p317, Plenum Press, New York

P.150 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 堀尾 仁, 友田 豊, ほか:胞状奇胎の発症に至る進展過程. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1999;51:397

• 2) Naumoff P, Szulman AE, et al:Ultrasonography of partial hydatidiform mole. Radiology 1981;140:476

• 3) 岡井 崇, ほか:超音波診断法による胞状奇胎の診断. 日本超音波医学会研究発表会講演論文集. 1978;33:163

VI 絨毛性疾患の免疫学的側面

P.158 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kovats S, Main EK, et al:A class I antigen, HLA-G, expressed in human trophoblasts. Science 1990;248:220-223

• 2) King A, Boocock C, et al:Evidence for the expression of HLA-C class I mRNA and protein by human first trimester troph oblast. J Immunol 1996;156:2068-2076

• 3) Christiansen OB, Mohapeloa HP, et al:HLA-C and-Bw typing of couples with unexplained recurrent miscarriages. J Reprod Immunol 1997;37:63-77

• 4) Yahata G, Ueda H, et al:Differential expression of human leukocyte antigen-A, -B, and-C locus specific genes in trophoblast and embryonic cells. Cell Growth Differ 1990;1:73-78

• 5) Takakuwa K, Kanazawa K, Takeuchi S:Production of blocking antibodies by vaccination with husband's lymphocytes in unexplained recurrent aborters:The role in successful pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1986;10:1-9

• 6) Takakuwa K, Goto S, et al:Result of immunotherapy on patients with unexplained recurrent abortion:A beneficial treatment for patients with negative blocking antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 1990;23:37-41

• 7) Higashino M, Hataya I, et al:Kinetics of mixed lymphocyte reaction-blocking effect (MLR-BE) observed in sera of normal pregnant women. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Immunology of Reproduction (Tsunoda Y, ed). 1994;pp226-229

• 8) Goto S, Takakuwa K, et al:MLR-blocking antibodies are directed against alloantigens expressed on syncytiotrophoblasts. Am J Reprod Immunol 1989;21:50-53

• 9) Tamura M, Takakuwa K, et al:Relationship between MLR blocking antibodies and the outcome of the third pregnancy in patients with two consecutive spontaneous abortions. J Perinat Med 1998;26:49-53

• 10) Takakuwa K, Higashino M, et al:Is an additional vaccination necessary for a successful second pregnancy in unexplained recurrent aborters who were successfully immunized with their husband's lymphocytes before the first pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 1993;29:39-44

• 11) Mor G, Gutierrez LS, et al:Fas-Fas ligand system-induced apoptosis in human plancenta and gestational trophoblastic disease. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998;40:89-94

• 12) King A, Loke YW, Chaout G:NK cells and reproduction. Immunol Today 1997;18:64-66

• 13) Pazmany L, Mandelboim O, et al:Protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis by HLA-G expression on target cells. Science 1996;274:792-795

• 14) Moreau P, Paul P, et al:Molecular and immunologic aspects of the nonclassical HLA class I antigen HLA-G:Evidence for an important role in the maternal tolerance of the fetal allograft. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998;40:136-144

• 15) Wegmann TG:Placental immunotrophism:Maternal T cells enhance placental growth and function. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1987;15:67-69

• 16) Marzi M, Vigano A, et al:Characterization of type 1 and type 2 cytokine production profile in physiologic and pathologic human pregnancy. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;106:127-133

• 17) Raghupathy R:Th1-type immunity is incompatible with successful pregnancy. Immunol Today 1997;18:478-482

• 18) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 19) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:胞状奇胎妊娠. 絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp7-18, 永井書店, 大阪

• 20) 金沢浩二, 竹内正七:自然流産と胞状奇胎-その免疫的背景. 臨床婦人科産科 1984;38:635-640

• 21) Berkowitz RS, Lahey SJ, et al:Circulating immune complex levels in patients with molar pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1983;61:165-168

• 22) 鳥居裕一, 岡田 久, ほか:婦人科癌患者における血中および腹水中の免疫複合体. 産婦人科の世界 1982;34:843-846

• 23) Sasaki T, Fujisaki S:Clinical studies on cell-mediated immunity in gestational trophoblastic disease:Nonspecific cellular immunocompetence in patients with hydatid mole and trophoblastic neoplasia. Microbiol Immunol 1981;25:387-401

• 24) 竹内正七, 高桑好一, ほか:免疫の立場から見た輸血と流産-輸血の同種移植と妊娠に及ぼす効果の類似性. Immunohaematology 1984;6:177-184

• 25) Hanaoka J, Takeuchi S:Individual specificity of blocking antibodies in molar and normal term placenta-bound IgG. Am J Reprod Immunol 1983;3:119-123

• 26) 笹川 基, 山田 潔, ほか:奇胎 trophoblast によるMHC class I抗原の表現に関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1990;42:1277-1283

• 27) Sasagawa M, Ohmomo Y, et al:HLA expression by trophoblast of invasive moles. Placenta 1987;8:111-118

• 28) 加藤秀則, 周 勇, ほか:ヒト癌遺伝子・癌抑制遺伝子-婦人科癌. 現代医療 1998;30:2005-2009

• 29) Jones EA, Bodmer WF:Lack of expression of HLA antigens on choriocarcinoma cells lines. Tissue Antigens 1980;16:195-202

• 30) 笹川 基, 鈴木孝明, ほか:絨毛癌におけるHLA抗原に関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1984;36:81-84

• 31) Yamashita K, Mure K, et al:Lack of HLA (A, B and C) antigen expression on the cell surface of trophoblastic tumors (hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinoma). Asia-Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1984;10:95-99

• 32) Kawata M, Sizer K, et al:Limitation of differential expression of HLA-A, B, C antigens on choriocarcinoma cell lines by messenger RNA for HLA heavy chain but not by beta 2-micro-globulin. Cancer Res 1984;44:4011-4016

• 33) Tursz T, Lipinski M, et al:Characterization of antibodies reacting with husband's lymphocytes in sera from patients with trophoblastic malignancies. Tissue Antigens 1981;17:376-385

• 34) 梶野 徹, 湯沢秀夫, ほか:絨毛癌患者における抗リンパ球抗体, 特に抗B細胞抗体の動態と臨床的意義. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1983;35:2267-2273

• 35) 真野紀雄, 後藤節子, ほか:絨毛性疾患患者の免疫能に関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1984;36:303-310

• 36) 亀田 隆, 根来孝夫, ほか:絨毛癌細胞のlymphokine activated killer (LAK) 細胞に対する細胞障害抵抗性の解析. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1989;41:1-6

• 37) 亀田 隆, 根来孝夫, ほか:絨毛癌細胞株の腫瘍壊死因子(tumor necrosis factor)に対する抵抗性の解析. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1989;41:653-659

• 38) Krishnan L, Menu E, et al:In vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive effects of supernatants from human choriocarcinoma cell lines. Cell Immunol 1991;138:313-325

• 39) Markert UR, Chaouat G:Preliminary characterization of an immunosuppressive inducer factor secreted by the JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell line:In vitro and in vivo study. Am J Reprod Immunol 1997;38:327-338

• 40) Zdravkovic M, Aboagye Mathiesen G, et al:Susceptibility of MHC class I expressing extravillous trophoblast cell lines to killing by natural killer cells. Placenta 1999;20:431-440

• 41) Bennett WA, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S, et al:Cytokine expression by models of human trophoblast as assessed by a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996;36:285-294

• 42) 前田 真, 藤井俊朗, 寺尾俊彦:絨毛癌患者Tリンパ球の自家培養細胞に対する細胞傷害能-夫リンパ球による誘導. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1987;39:256-262

• 43) Taguchi M, Kubota T, et al:Trophoblast invasion to brain and lung tissues in non-gestational primary ovarian choriocarcinoma. Placenta 1998;19:A21

VII 侵入奇胎 , 絨毛癌の病態

P.168 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 2) WHO:Histological Typing of Female Genital Tract Tumours. 1994, Springer-Verlag, Berlin

• 3) 竹内正七, 半藤 保:絨毛性腫瘍の発症と予後-われわれの提唱する本体論の立場から. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1974;26:749-757

• 4) 細川 勉, 伊藤治英:破壊性胞状奇胎. 現代産科婦人科学大系8C, 絨毛性腫瘍(鈴木雅洲, ほか編). 1974;pp209-242, 中山書店, 東京

• 5) 半藤 保, 竹内正七:破壊性胞状奇胎の本体に関する臨床統計的研究. 第28回日本産科婦人科学会総会講演要旨. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1976;28(9):1036-1037

• 6) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp74-75, 永井書店, 大阪

• 7) 婦人科腫瘍委員会報告(絨毛性疾患地域登録成績). 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1995;47(12):1405-1410

• 8) Bagshawe KD:Choriocarcinoma. 1969;p71, Edward Arnold, London

• 9) 坂元正一, 水野正彦(監):プリンシプル産科婦人科学, 産科編. 1991;p630, メジカルビュー社, 東京

• 10) Park WW, Lees JC:Choriocarcinoma. A general review, with analysis of 516 cases. Arch Path (Chicago) 1950;49:73-104, 205-241

• 11) Greene RR:Chorioadenoma destruens. Ann NY Acad Sci 1959;80:143-145

• 12) Sung HC, Wu PC, Ho TH:Treatment of choriocarcinoma and chorioadenoma destruens with 6-mercaptopurine and surgery:A clinical report of 93 cases. Chin Med J 1963;82:24-38

• 13) Ishizuka N:Chemotherapy of chorionic tumors. Choriocarcinoma:Transactions of a Conference of the International Union Against Cancer (Holland JF, Hreshchyshyn MM, eds). 1967;pp116-118, Springer-Verlag, Berlin

• 14) Ober WB:The early conceptus. A symposium held at Queen's college, Dundee (Park ww, ed). 1965;p141, Livingstone, Edinburgh

• 15) 高見沢裕吉, 加藤孝子:破壊奇胎と絨毛上皮腫の死亡原因. 胞状奇胎のすべて(竹内正七, 編). 1978;pp227-233, 南江堂, 東京

• 16) 佐藤秀生, 松田修典, ほか:子宮頸癌を含む重複癌-3重癌, 4重癌を含む15例の検索. 癌の臨床 1979;25:349-353

• 17) Kato M, Tanaka K, Takeuchi S:The nature of trophoblastic disease initiated by transplantation into immunosuppressed animals. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;142:497-505

• 18) 福島 務:絨毛性腫瘍の染色体学的研究. 産婦人科の世界 1963;15:12-20

• 19) Galton MG, Peter G, Holt SF:Karyotypic and morphologic characterization of a serially transplanted human choriocarci noma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1963;31:1019-1026

• 20) 西村隆一郎, 小泉民雄, ほか:絨毛性疾患とhCGの化学構造異常-糖鎖構造変化を中心に. 病理と臨床 1994;12:1203-1209

VIII 診断

P.177 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 2) Vassilakos P, Kajii T:Hydatidiform mole:Two entities. Lancet 1976;i:259
  pubmed

• 3) Vassilakos P, Riotton G, Kajii T:Hydatidiform mole:Two entities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;127:167-170

• 4) Szulman AE, Surti U:The syndrome of hydatidiform mole. I. Cytogenetic and morphologic correlations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;131:665-671

• 5) Szulman AE, Surti U:The syndrome of hydatidiform mole. II. Morphologic evolution of the complete and partial mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;132:20-27

• 6) Boue J, Boue A, Lazar P:Retrospective and prospective epidemiobgical studies of 1500 karyotyped spontaneous human abortions. Teratology 1975;12:11-26

• 7) Huber CP, Melin JR, Veillos F:Changes in chorionic tissue of aborted pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1957;73:569-576

• 8) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995;p9, 金原出版, 東京

P.189 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 金沢浩二, 神山和也, ほか:胞状奇胎. 産婦人科治療 1996;72:635-641

• 2) 福永正平:胞状奇胎の診断. 臨床婦人科産科 1998;52:426-433

• 3) 友田 豊, 岡本知光, 野村誠二:絨毛性疾患と画像診断. 産婦人科治療 1996;72(5):833-838

• 4) Kurjac A, Zalud I, Predanic M:Transvaginal color Doppler in early pregnancy:Rational and clinical potential. J Perinat Med 1994;22:475-482

• 5) 山本真一, 石塚隆夫, ほか:絨毛癌, 侵入奇胎の治療過程における超音波断層法の評価. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1987;39:2165-2172

• 6) 福本 悟:侵奇・絨癌の超音波断層像とその臨床的意義に関する研究. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1986;38:366-374

• 7) Hsieh FJ, Wu CC, et al:Vascular patterns of gestational trophoblastic tumors by color Doppler ultrasound. Cancer 1994;74:2361-2365

• 8) Chan FY, Chau MT, et al:A comparison of colour Doppler sonography and the pelvic arteriogram in assessment of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:720-725

• 9) 竹内 聡, 赤堀泰一郎, 望月眞人:絨毛性疾患の画像診断におけるMRIの評価-X線CT, Digital Subtraction Angiographyとの比較. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1992;44:159-166

• 10) 石塚隆史, 後藤節子, 山田文子:産婦人科画像診断-絨毛性疾患 PAG. 産科と婦人科(増刊号) 1991;58:205-213

• 11) 松井英雄;絨毛性疾患. 図説産婦人科VIEW 29, 画像診断. 1997;pp120-129, メジカルビュー社, 東京

• 12) Tai KS, Chan FL, Ngan HY:Renal metastasis from choriocarcinoma:MRI appearance. Abdom Imaging 1998;23:536-538

P.200 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Marchand F:Uber die sogenannten "decidualen" Geschwulste im Anschluss an normale Geburt, Abort, Blasenmole und Extraut erinschwangers chaft. Mschr Geburtsh Gynak 1895;1:419-438

• 2) Novak E:Pathological aspects of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1950;59:1355-1372

• 3) Novak E Baltimore, Seah CS:Choriocarcinoma of the uterus-Study of 74 cases from the Mathieu Memorial Choriocarcinoma Registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1954;67:933-961

• 4) Ishizuka N:Chemotherapy for chorioepithelioma. Gann 1956;47:460-462

• 5) Ishizuka N:Chemotherapy of chorionic tumors. Choriocarcinoma, UICC Monograph Series 3. 1967;pp116-118

• 6) Hertz R:Eight years experience with the chemotherapy of choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumors. Choriocarcinoma, UICC Monograph Series 3. 1967;pp66-71

• 7) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995;pp8-19, 金原出版, 東京

• 8) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛癌の系統的治療と治療成績. 絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp161-174, 永井書店, 大阪

• 9) Suzuki I, Goto S, et al:Pregnancy after chemotherapy for trophoblastic disease and psychosomatic development in the progeny. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1993;19(4):407-415

• 10) 後藤節子:婦人科がん化学療法共同研究会, 絨毛性疾患委員会第2次研究の予後調査結果. Oncology & Chemotherapy 1999;15(2):131-134

• 11) 大口善市:絨毛上皮腫および破壊性胞状奇胎120例の臨床的研究-ことに両者の性格の相違について. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1966;18(9):1083

• 12) Ishizuka N:Studies on trophoblastic neoplasia. Gann Monograph on Cancer Research. No18, Cancer in Asia (Hirayama T, ed). 1976;pp203-216, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo

• 13) 石塚直隆, 友田 豊, ほか:絨毛癌と侵入奇胎の臨床的診断に関する「絨毛癌診断スコア」の検討. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1984;36:459-462

• 14) Okamoto T, Nomura S, et al:Choriocarcinoma diagnostic score:A scoring system to differentiate choriocarcinoma from invasive mole. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998;8:128-132

• 15) Pettersson F:Staging rules for gestational trophoblastic tumors and fallopian tube cancer. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992;71:224-225

• 16) World Health Organization Scientific Group on Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases. Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases. Technical Report Series, No 692. 1983, World Health Organization, Geneva

• 17) Okamoto T, Nawa A, et al:Usefulness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia in patients of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. Oncology 1995;52:159-162

• 18) Lurain JR, Brewer JI, et al:Gestational trophoblastic disease:Treatment results at the Brewer trophoblastic disease center. Obstet Gynecol 1982;60:354-360

• 19) Soper JT, Clarke-Pearson D, Hammond C:Metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease:Prognostic factors in previously untreated patients. Obstet Gynecol 1988;71:338-343

• 20) Lurain JR, Elfstrand EP:Single-agent methotrexate chemotherapy for the treatment of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:574-579

• 21) Hammond CB, Borchert LG, et al:Treatment of metastatic trophoblastic disease:Good and poor prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;115:451-457

• 22) Bagshawe KD:Risk and prognostic factor in trophoblastic neoplasia. Cancer 1976;38:1373-1385

• 23) Goldstein DP:Worldwide controversies in gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. J Gynaecol Obstet 1977;15:207-215

• 24) Kohorn EL:The trophoblastic tower of Babel:Classification system for metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 1995;56:280-288

P.213 掲載の参考文献

• 1) McGregor WG, Kuhn RH, Jaffe RB:Biologically active chorionic gonadotropin:Synthesis by the human fetus. Science 1983;220:306-308

• 2) Cole LA, Kardana A, et al:The biological and clinical significance of nicks in human chorionic gonadotropin and its free β-subunits. Yale J Biol Med 1991;64:627-637

• 3) Nishimura R, Kitajima T, et al:Molecular forms of human chorionic gonadotropin in choriocarcinoma serum and urine. Jpn J Cancer Res 1989;80:968-974

• 4) Yoshimura M, Nishimura R, et al:Assessment of urinary β-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin as a new marker of lung cancer. Cancer 1994;73:2745-2752

• 5) Nishimura R, Koizumi T, et al:Molecular heterogeneity of hCG-β related glycoproteins and the clinical relevance in trophoblastic and non-trophoblastic tumors. Int J Obstet Gynecol 1998;60 (suppl 1):S29-32

• 6) Nishimura R, Koizumi T, et al:Expression and secretion of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by bladder carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Res 1995;55:1479-1484

• 7) Nishimura R, Kobata A:Choriocarcinoma and hCG. Glycoprotein and Disease (Montreuil J, Schachter H, Viegenthart JFG, eds). 1996;pp185-195, Elsevier, Amsterdam

• 8) Endo T, Nishimura R, et al:The asparagine-linked sugar chain of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of patients with invasive mole includes a part of the structural changes which are characteristic of choriocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1987;47:5242-5245

• 9) Mizuochi T, Nishimura R, et al:Structure of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin produced in choriocarcinoma. J Biol Chem 1983;258:14126-14129

P.219 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 石塚直隆:絨毛性腫瘍の化学療法における問題点. 産婦人科の世界 1968;20:469-476

• 2) Hammond CB, Borchet LG, et al:Treatment of metastatic trophoblastic disease:Good and poor prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;115:451-457

• 3) Bagshawe KD:Risk and prognostic factors in trophoblastic neoplasia. Cancer 1976;38:1373-1385

• 4) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 5) FIGO Staging of Gynecologic Cancer:FIGO Annual Report Editorial Office. Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics (E-mail;figo@ieo. it), 1998

• 6) Tham KF, Ratnam SS:The classification of gestational trophoblastic disease:A critical review. Int J Obstet Gynecol 1998;60 (suppl 1):S39-S49

• 7) Dubeshter B, Berkowitz RS, et al:Metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease:Experience at the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, 1965 to 1985. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69:390-395

• 8) Lurain JR, Casanova LA, et al:Prognostic factors in gestational trophoblastic tumours:A proposed new scoring system based on multivariate analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:611-616

• 9) Bagshawe KD:High-risk metastatic trophoblastic disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1988;15(3):531-543

• 10) Dubuc-Lissoir J, Sweizig S, et al:Metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease;A comparison of prognostic classification system. Gynecol Oncol 1992;45:40-45
  pubmed

• 11) Soper JT, Evans AC, et al:Evaluation of prognostic factors and staging in gestational trophoblastic tumor. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:969-973

IX 治療

P.224 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS:Current management of complete and partial molar pregnancy. J Reprod Med 1994;39:139-146

• 2) 半藤 保:胞状奇胎の取扱い. 婦人科がん治療学(野田起一郎, 監修;大川智彦, 野澤志朗, 編). 1997;pp264-280, 金原出版, 東京

• 3) Newman RB, Eddy GL:Association of eclampsia and hydatidiform mole:Case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1988;43:185-190

• 4) Mestman JH:Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998;27:127-149

• 5) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:胞状奇胎妊娠. 絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp7-16, 永井書店, 大阪

• 6) Currie JL:Benign gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and overall surgical management. Gynecologic Oncology (Shingleton HM, Fowler WC Jr, Lawrence WD, eds), 1st ed. 1996;pp368-378, WB Saunders, London

• 7) Schlaerth JB:Methodology of molar pregnancy termination. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984;27:192-198

• 8) DiSaia PJ, Creasman WT:Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Clinical Gynecologic Oncology (DiSaia PJ, Creasman WT, eds), 5th ed. 1997;pp180-201, Mosby, St Louis

• 9) 遠藤幸三:実地婦人科手術. 1992;pp471-478, 金原出版, 東京

• 10) Evers JL, Schijf CP, et al:Real-time ultrasound as an adjunct in the operative management of hydatidiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;140:469-471

• 11) Asherman JG:Asherman's syndrome. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1966;61:542-544

• 12) Kaali SG, Szigetvari IA, Bartfai GS:The frequency and management of uterine perforations during first-trimester abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:406-408

• 13) Lauersen NH, Birnbaum S:Laparoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic technique in uterine perforations during first-trimester abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;117:522-526

• 14) Ben-Baruch G, Menczer J, et al:Laparoscopy in the management of uterine perforation. Reprod Med 1982;27:73-76

• 15) Te Linde:Surgical management of abortion. Operative Gynecology (Rock JA, Thompson JD, eds), 8th ed. 1998;pp317-342, Lippincott, Philadelphia, New York

• 16) Twiggs LB, Morrow CP, Schlaerth JB:Acute pulmonary complications of molar pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;135:189-194

• 17) Hankins GD, Wendel GD, et al:Trophoblastic embolization during molar evacuation:Central hemodynamic observations. Obstet Gynecol 1987;69 (3 Pt 1):368-372

• 18) Twiggs LB:Nonneoplastic complications of molar pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984;27:199-210

• 19) Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP:Gestational trophoblastic disease. Novak's Gynecology (Berek JS, Adashi EY, Hillard PA, eds), 12th ed. 1996;pp1261-1282, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore

• 20) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995;pp38-39, 金原出版, 東京

• 21) Montz FJ, Schlaerth JB, Morrow CP:The natural history of theca lutein cysts. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72:247-251

P.233 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Block MF, Merrill JA:Hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1982;60:129-134

• 2) Yee B, Tu B, Platt LD:Coexisting hydatidiform mole with a live fetus presenting as a placenta previa on ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144:726-728

• 3) Suzuki M, Matsunobu A, et al:Hydatidiform mole with a surviving coexisting fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1980;56:384-388

• 4) Jones WB, Lausen NH:Hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975;122:267-272

• 5) Thomas EJ, Pryce WI, et al:The prospective management of a coexistent hydatidiform mole and fetus. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1987;27:343-345

• 6) Garbin O, Favre R, et al:How to deal with a rare entity:The coexistence of a complete mole and a healthy egg in twin pregnancy? Fetal Diagn Ther 1995;10:337-342

• 7) 松井英雄, 飯塚美徳, ほか:胎児共存奇胎の管理-全国集計の結果と文献的考察. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1999;51:1-8

• 8) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nature 1977;268:633-634

• 9) Szulman AE, Surti U:The syndrome of hydatidiform mole. II. Cytogenetic and morphologic correlations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;131:665-671

• 10) Doshi N, Surti U, Szulman AE:Morphologic anomalies in triploid liveborn fetuses. Hum Pathol 1983;14:716-723

• 11) McFadden DE, Kwong LC, et al:Parental origin of triploidy in human fetuses:Evidence from genomic imprinting. Hum Genet 1993;92:465-469

• 12) Lawler SD, Fisher RA, et al:Genetic studies on hydatidiform moles. I. The origin of partial moles. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1982;5:309-320

• 13) Jauniaux E, Brown R, et al:Prenatal diagnosis of triploidy during the second trimester of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:983-989

• 14) Lawler SD, Fisher RA:Genetic studies in hydatidiform mole with clinical correlations. Placenta 1987;8:77-88

• 15) Ohama K, Ueda K, et al:Cytogenetic and clinicopathologic studies of partial moles. Obstet Gynecol 1986;68:259-262

• 16) Vejerslev LO:Clinical management and diagnostic possibilities in hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1991;46:577-588

• 17) Jauniaux E, Brown R, et al:Prenatal diagnosis of triploidy during the second trimester of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:983-989

• 18) Matsui H, Iizuka Y, Sekiya S:Incidence of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma following partial hydatidiform mole. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1996;53:63-64

• 19) Beischer NA:Hydatidiform mole with coexistent fo etus. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Cwlth 1961;68:231-237

• 20) 松井英雄, 飯塚美徳, 関谷宗英:胎児共存奇胎の取扱い-当科における分娩例と文献的考察. 産婦人科の実際 1999;48:881-885

• 21) Ohmichi M, Tasaka K, et al:Hydatidiform mole in a triplet pregnancy following gonadotropin therapy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1986;65:523-524

• 22) Azuma C, Saji F, et al:Triplet pregnancy involving complete hydatidiform mole and two fetuses:Genetic analysis by deoxyribonucieic acid fingerprint. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:664-667

• 23) Altaras MM, Rosen DJD, et al:Hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus in twin gestation following gonadotropin induction of ovulation. Hum Reprod 1992;7:429-431

• 24) Khoo SK, Monks PL, Davies NT:Hydatidiform mole coexisting with a live fetus:A dilemma of management. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1986;26:129-135

• 25) Ohama K, Ueda K, et al:Two cases of dizygotic twins with androgenetic mole and normal conceptus. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1985;34:371-375

• 26) 本田 任, 伊原静香, ほか:Clomiphene 投与後妊娠にみられた全奇胎, 正常妊娠合併(双胎)例. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1980;32:2041-2043

• 27) Steller MA, Genest DR, et al:Natural history of twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83:35-42

• 28) Miller D, Jackson R, et al:Complete hydatidiform mole coexistent with a twin live fetus:Clinical course of four cases with complete cytogenetic analysis. Gynecol Oncol 1993;50:119-123

• 29) Sauerbri EE, Salem S, Fayle B:Coexistent hydatidiform mole and live fetus in the second trimester. Radiol 1980;135:415-417

• 30) Ishii J, Iitsuka Y, et al:Genetic differentiation of complete hydatidiform moles coexisting with normal fetuses by short tandem repeat (STR)-derived DNA polymorphism analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:628-634

• 31) Fisher RA, Sheppard DM, Lawler SD:Twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole (46, XX) and fetus (46, XY):Genetic origin proved by analysis of chromosome polymorphisms. Br Med J 1982;284:1218-1220

• 32) Vejerslev LO, Dueholm M, Nielsen FH:Hydatidiform mole:Cytogenetic marker analysis in twin gestation report of two cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;155;614-617

• 33) Soysal M, Kara S, Ekici E:Twin pregnancy with a fetus and a complete hydatidiform mole. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1996;259:41-44

• 34) Hurteau JA, Roth LM, et al:Complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a twin live fetus:Clinical course. Gynecol Oncol 1997;66:156-159

• 35) Harada l, Tsutsumi O, et al:DNA polymorphism analysis of a case of complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus. Hum Reprod 1997;12:2563-2566

P.238 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本産科婦人科学会婦人科腫瘍委員会報告. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1994;46:285-288

• 2) Rice LW, Berkowitz RS, et al:Persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor after partial hydatidiform mole. Gynecol Oncol 1990;36:358-362

• 3) Bagshawe KD, Lawler SD, et al:Gestational trophoblastic tumors following initial diagnosis of partial hydatidiform mole. Lancet 1990;335:1074-1076

• 4) Matsui H, Iizuka Y, Sekiya S:Incidence of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma following partial hydatidiform mole. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1996;53:63-64

• 5) Li MC:The historical background of successful chemotherapy for advanced gestational trophoblastic tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;135:266-272

• 6) Krakofr IH:Systemic treatment of cancer. CA Cancer Clin 1996;46:134-141

• 7) Lewis JL Jr:Current status of treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease. Cancer 1976;38(suppl):620-626

• 8) Takamizawa H, Sekiya S, et al:Chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors. Semin Surg Oncol 1987;3:36-44

• 9) Seckl MJ, Newlands ES:Treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease. Gen Diagn Pathol 1997;143:159-171

• 10) Jones WB:Current management of low-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. J Reprod Med 1987;32:653-656

• 11) Kohorn EI:Single-agent chemotherapy for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Perspective for the 21st century after three decades of use. J Reprod Med 1991;36:49-55

• 12) DuBeshter B, Berkowitz RS, et al:Management of low-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. J Reprod Med 1991;36:36-39

• 13) Homesley HD:Development of single-agent chemotherapy regimens for gestational trophoblastic disease. J Reprod Med 1994;39:185-192

• 14) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 15) Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP:Chorionic tumors. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1740-1748

• 16) Li MC, Hertz R, Spencer DB:Effect of methotrexate therapy upon choriocarcinoma and chorioadenoma. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1956;93:361-366

• 17) Hertz R, Lewis JL Jr, Lipsett MB:Five years' experience with the chemotherapy of metastatic choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumors in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1961;82:631-640

• 18) Ross GT, Stolbach LL, Hertz R:Actinomycin D in the treatment methotrexate-resistant trophoblastic disease in women. Cancer Res 1962;22:1015-1017

• 19) Ross GT, Goldstein DP, et al:Sequential use of methotrexate and actinomycin D in the treatment of metastatic choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic diseases in women. Am J Obstet Oynecol 1965;93:223-229

• 20) Li MC:Management of choriocarcinoma and related tumors of uterus and testis. Med Clin North Am 1961;45:661-676

• 21) Brewer JI, Eckman TR, et al:Gestational trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971;109:335-340

• 22) Hammond CB, Borchert LG, et al:Treatment of metastatic trophoblastic disease:Good and poor prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;115:451-457

• 23) Jones WB, Lewis JL Jr:Treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974;120:14-20

• 24) Goldstein DP, Goldstein PR, et al:Methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Obstet Gynecol 1976;48:321-323

• 25) Homesley HD, Blessing JA, et al:Weekly intramuscular methotrexate for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72:413-418

• 26) Newlands ES, Bagshawe KD:Anti-tumor activity of the epipodophyllin derivative VP16-213 (etoposide;NSC-141540) in gestational choriocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 1980;16:401-405

• 27) Sung HC, Wu PC Yang HY:Reevaluation of 5-fluorouracil as a single therapeutic agent for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;150:69-75

• 28) Bagshawe KD:Treatment of high-risk choriocarcinoma. J Reprod Med 1984;29:813-820

• 29) Newland ES:VP-16 in combination for the first-line treatment of malignant germ-cell tumours and gestational choriocarcinoma, Semin Oncol 1985;12(suppl 2):37-41

• 30) Soper JT, Clarke-Pearson DL, et al:5-day methotrexate for women with metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1994;54:76-79

• 31) Lurain JR, Elfstrand EP:Single-agent methotrexate chemotherapy for the treatment of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:574-579

• 32) Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR:Ten years's experience with methotrexate and folinic acid as primary therapy for gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1986;23:111-118

• 33) Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR:Methotrexate infusion and folinic acid in the primary therapy of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. Gynecol Oncol 1990;36:56-59

• 34) Elit L, Covens A, et al:High-dose methotrexate for gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1994;54:282-287

• 35) Homesley HD, Blessing JA, et al:Weekly intramuscular methotrexate for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72:413-418

• 36) Homesley HD, Blessing JA, et al:Rapid escalation of weekly intramuscular methotrexate for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease:A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 1990;39:305-308

• 37) Hoffman MS, Fiorica JV, et al:A single institution experience with weekly intramuscular methotrexate for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1996;60:292-294

• 38) Goldstein DP, Winig P, Shirley RL:Actinomycin D as initial therapy of gestational trophoblastic disease. A reevaluation. Obstet Gynecol 1972;39:341-345

• 39) Osathanondh R, Goldstein DP, Pastorfide GB:Actinomycin D as the primary agent for gestational trophoblastic disease. Cancer 1975;36:863-866

• 40) Petrilli ES, Twiggs LB, et al:Single-dose actinomycin D treatment for nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. A prospective phase II trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Cancer 1987;60:2173-2176

• 41) Newlands ES, Bagshawe KD:The role of VP16-213 (etoposide;NSC-141540) in gestational choriocarcinoma. Cancer Chemiother Pharmacol 1982;7:211-214

• 42) Matsui H, Iitsuka Y, et al:Etoposide (VP-16) as first-line, single agent chemotherapeutic drug in low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1997;7:400-404

• 43) Hitchins RN, Holden L, et al:Single agent etoposide in gestational trophoblastic tumours. Experience at Charing Cross Hospital 1978-1987. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1988;24:1041-1046

• 44) Mangili G, Garavaglia E, et al:Management of low-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors with etoposide (VP16) in patients resistant to methotrexate. Gynecol Oncol 1996;61:218-220

• 45) Wong LC, Choo YC, Ma HK:Oral etoposide in gestational trophoblastic disease. Cancer Treat Rep 1984;68:775-777

• 46) Wong LC, Choo YC, Ma HK:Primary oral etoposide therapy in gestational trophoblastic disease. An update. Cancer 1986;58:14-17

• 47) Roberts JP, Lurain JR:Treatment of low-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors with single-agent chemotherapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1917-1923

• 48) Matsui H, Iitsuka Y, et al:Comparison of chemotherapies with methotrexate, VP-16 and actinomycin-D in low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1998;46:5-8
  pubmed

• 49) Ross GT:Congenital anomalies among children born of mothers receiving chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Cancer 1976;37:1043-1047

• 50) Rustin GJ, Booth M, et al:Pregnancy after cytotoxic chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumours. Br Med J 1984;288:103-106

• 51) Ayhan A, Ergeneli MH, et al:Pregnancy after chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease. J Reprod Med 1990;35:522-524

• 52) Berkowitz RS, Bernstein MR, et al:Subsequent pregnancy experience in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. New England Trophoblastic Disease Center 1965-1992. J Reprod Med 1994;39:228-232

• 53) Woolas RP, Bower M, et al:Influence of chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease on subsequent pregnancy outcome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:1032-1035

• 54) Kim JH, Park DC, et al:Subsequent reproductive experience after treatment for gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1998;71:8-12

• 55) Bower M, Rustin GJ, et al:Chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumours hastens menopause by 3 years. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:1204-1207

• 56) Adewole LF, Rustin GJ, et al:Fertility in patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors treated with etoposide. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1986;22:1479-1482

• 57) Choo YC, Chan SY, et al:Ovarian dysfunction in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia treated with short intensive courses of etoposide (VP-16-213). Cancer 1985;55:2348-2352

• 58) Matsui H, Seki K, et al:Reproductive status in GTD treated with etoposide, J Reprod Med 1997;42:104-110

• 59) Soper JT, Hammond CB:Role of surgical therapy and radiotherapy in gestational trophoblastic disease. J Reprod Med 1987;32:663-668

• 60) Jones WB, Lewis JL Jr:Integration of surgery and other techniques in the management of trophoblastic malignancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1988;15:565-576

• 61) 関谷宗英:手術のコツ-絨毛癌. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1990;42:N117-N120

P.255 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本産科婦人科学会婦人科腫瘍委員会報告:絨毛性疾患地域登録成績. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1993;45:957-961

• 2) 日本産科婦人科学会婦人科腫瘍委員会報告:絨毛性疾患地域登録成績. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌, 1995;47:1405-1410

• 3) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 4) Creasman WT:Revision in classification by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [letter]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:857
  pubmed

• 5) Soper JT, Evans AC, et al:Evaluation of prognostic factors and staging in gestational trophoblastic tumors. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:969-973

• 6) Song H, Wu P, et al:Pregnancy outcomes after successful chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma and invasive mole:Long-term follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158:538-545

• 7) Hammond CB, Borchert LG, et al:Treatment of metastatic trophoblastic disease:Good and poor prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;115:451-457

• 8) Dubuc-Lissoir J, Sweizig S, et al:Metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease:A comparison of prognostic classification systems. Gynecol Oncol 1992;45:40-45
  pubmed

• 9) Bagshawe KD:Risk and prognostic factors in trophoblastic disease. Cancer 1976;38:1373-1385

• 10) 石塚直隆, 友田 豊, ほか:絨毛癌と侵入奇胎の臨床診断に関する「絨毛癌診断スコア」の検討. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1984;36:459-462

• 11) Bagshawe KD:Treatment of trophoblastic tumors:Recent results. Cancer Res 1977;62:192-199

• 12) Curry SL, Blessing JA, et al:A prospective randomized comparison of methotrexate, dactinomycin, and chlorambucil versus methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, melphalan, hydroxyurea, and vincristine in "poor prognosis" metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease:A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:357-362

• 13) Newlands ES, Bagshawe KD, et al:Developments in chemotherapy for medium-and high-risk patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986;93:63-69

• 14) Bolis G, Belloni C, Bonazzi C:EMA/CO regimen in high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). Obstet Gynecol Surv 1989;44:394-395

• 15) Newlands ES, Bagshawe KD, et al:Results with the EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) regimen in high risk gestational trophoblastic tumors, 1979-1989. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;98:551-557

• 16) Newlands ES, Bower M, et al:Management of resistant gestational trophoblastic tumors. J Reprod Med 1998;43:111-118

• 17) Jones WB, Schneider J, et al:Treatment of resistant gestational choriocarcinoma with taxol:A report of two cases. Gynecol Oncol 1996;61:126-130

• 18) Athanassiou A, Begent RHJ, et al:Central nervous system metastases of choriocarcinoma:23 years' experience at Charing Cross Hospital Cancer 1983;52:1728-1735

• 19) Rustin GJS, Newlands ES, et al:Weekly alternating etoposide, methotrexate, and actinomycin/ vincristine and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for the treatment of CNS metastases of choriocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:900-903

• 20) Bakri Y, Berkowitz RS, et al:Brain metastases of gestational trophoblastic tumor. J Reprod Med 1994;39:179-184

• 21) Bagshawe KD:Personal communication.

• 22) Crawford RA, Newlands E, et al:Gestational trophoblastic disease with liver metastases:The Charing Cross experience, Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:105-109

• 23) Tomoda Y, Arii Y et al:Surgical indications for resection in pulmonary metastasis of choriocarcinoma. Cancer 1980;46:2723-2730

• 24) Evans Jr AC, Soper JT, et al:Gestational trophoblastic disease metastatic to the central nervous system. Gynecol Oncol 1995;59:226-230

• 25) Schechter NR, Mychalczak B, et al:Prognosis of patients treated with whole-brain radiation therapy for metastatic trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1998;68:183-192

• 26) Hartree AS, Shownkeen RC, et al:Studies of the human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance of human pituitary glands and its significance. J Endocrinol 1983;96:115-126

• 27) Stenman U-H, Alfthan H, et al:Serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin in nonpregnant women and men are modulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and sex steroids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:730-736

• 28) 金澤浩二, 青木陽一, ほか:血清 hCG-like substanceがBuserelin 投与によって抑制される可能性. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1992;44:1297-1300

• 29) Kim JH, Park DC, et al:Subsequent reproductive experience after treatment for gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1998;71:108-112

• 30) Woolas RP, Bower M, et al:Influence of chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease on subsequent pregnancy outcome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:1032-1035

• 31) Rustin GJS, Rustin F, et al:No increase in second tumors after cytotoxic chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors. N Engl J Med 1983;308:473-476

• 32) Travis LB, Holowaty EJ, et al:Risk of leukemia after platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1999;340:351-357

• 33) Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Daugaard G, et al:Increased risk of myelodysplasia and leukemia after etoposide, cisplatin, and bleomycin for germ-cell tumors. Lancet 1991;338:359-363

• 34) Nichols CR, Breeden ES, et al:Secondary leukemia associated with a conventional dose of etoposide:Review of serial germ cell tumor protocols. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:36-40

• 35) Weed C, Hammond CB:Cerebral metastatic choriocarcinoma:Intensive therapy and prognosis. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55:89-94

• 36) Kanazawa K, Takeuchi S:Clinical analysis of intracranial metastases in gestational choriocarcinoma:A series of 15 cases. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1985;25:16-22

P.262 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Okamoto T, Nawa A, et al:Usefulness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia in patients of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. Oncology 1995;52:159-162

• 2) Hartenbach EM, Saltzman AK, et al:Anovel strategy using G-CSF to support EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1995;56:105-108

• 3) Lehman E, Gershenson DM, et al:Salvage surgery for chemorefractory gestational trophoblastic disease. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:2737-2742

• 4) Takizawa K, Kato Y, et al:Two patients with highly drug-resistant choriocarcinoma managed by multidisciplinary therapeutic modalities. Int J Clin Oncol 1998;3:44-48

• 5) Schechter NR, Mychalczak B, et al:Prognosis of patients treated with whole-brain radiation therapy for metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1998;68:183-192

• 6) Newlands ES, Bagshawe KD, et al:Results with the EMA/CO (etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, vincristine) regimen in high risk gestational trophoblastic tumours, 1979 to 1989. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;98:550-557

• 7) Bower M, Newlands ES, et al:EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors:Results from a cohort of 272 patients. Gynecol Oncol 1997;15:2636-2643

• 8) Soper JT, Evans AC, et al:Etoposide-platin combination therapy for chemorefractory gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1995;56:421-424

• 9) Theodore C, Azab M, et al:Treatment of high-risk gestational trophoblastic disease with chemotherapy combinations containing cisplatin and etoposide. Cancer 1989;64:182-828

• 10) Bakri YN, Subhi J, et al:Liver metastases of gestational trophoblastic tumor. Gynecol Oncol 1993;48:110-113

• 11) Li Pai C, Shu-Mo C, et al:PEBA regimen (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, and adriamycin) in the treatment of drug-resistant choriocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1995;56:231-234

• 12) Sutton GP, Soper JT, et al:Ifosfamide alone and in combination in the treatment of refractory malignant gestational trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:489-495

• 13) Garris PD, Gallup DG, Melton K:Long-term remission of previously resistant choriocarcinoma with a combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin. Gynecol Oncol 1995;57:254-256

• 14) Van Besien K, Verschraegen C, et al:Complete remission of refractory gestational trophoblastic disease with brain metastases treated with multicycle ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) and stem cell rescue. Gynecol Oncol 1997;65:366-369

• 15) Lotz JP, Andre T, et al:High dose chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of poor-prognosis germ cell tumors and metastatic trophoblastic disease in adults. Cancer 1995;75:874-885

• 16) Giacalone PL, Benos P, et al:High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1995;58:383-385

• 17) Termrungruanglert W, Kudelka A, et al:Remission of refractory gestational trophoblastic disease with high-dose paclitaxel. Anticancer Drugs 1996;7:503-506

P.274 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 佐々木茂:絨毛性疾患減少の理由. 日本医事新報 1998;3846:142-143

• 2) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996, 永井書店, 大阪

• 3) Blaese RM, Culver KW, et al:T lymphocyte-directed gene therapy for ADA-SCID:Initial trial results after 4 years. Science 1995;270:475-480

• 4) 崎山幸雄:アデノシンデアミナーゼ欠損症における遺伝子治療の経過. Annual Review 1998, 血液. 1998;pp129-135, 中外医学社, 東京

• 5) Anderson WF:Human gene therapy. Nature 1998;392(suppl):25-30

• 6) 小澤敬也:遺伝子導入技術の最近の進歩. Molecular Medicine 1999;36:602-609

• 7) Shirasawa S, Furuse M, et al:Altered growth of human colon cancer cell lines disrupted at activated Ki-ras. Science 1993;260:85-88

• 8) Anderson WF:Prospects for human gene therapy. Science 1984;226:401-409

• 9) Morishita R, Gibbons GH, et al:A gene therapy strategy using a transcription factor decoy of the E2F binding site inhibits smooth muscle proliferation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:5855-5859

• 10) Zufferey R, Nagy D, et al:Multiply attenuated lentiviral vector achieves efficient gene delivery in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 1997;15:871-875

• 11) Kafri T, Blomer U, et al:Sustained expression of genes delivered directly into liver and muscle by lentiviral vectors. Nat Genet 1997;17:314-317

• 12) Russell DW, Miller AD:Foamy virus vectors. J Virol 1996;70:217-222

• 13) Wang Q, Finer MH:second-generation adenovirus vectors. Nat Med 1996;2:714-716

• 14) Samulski RJ, Zhu X, et al:Targeted integration'of adeno-associated virus (AAV) into human chromosome 19. EMBO J 1991;10:3941-3950

• 15) Kearns WG, Afione SA, et al:Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV-CFTR) vectors do not integrate in a site-specific fashion in an immortalized epithelial cell line:Gynecol 1996;3:748-755

• 16) Linden RM, Berns KI:Site-specific integration by adeno-associated virus:A basis for a potential gene therapy vector (editorial). Gene Ther 1997;4:4-5

• 17) Li S, Gao X, et al:DC-Chol lipid system in gene transfer. J Controlled Release 1996;39:373-381

• 18) Szczylik C, Skorski T, et al:Selective inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation by BCR-ABL antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Science 1991;253:562-565

• 19) Wake N, Gima T, et al:Accumulation of genetic events in endometrial carcinoma and its cell growth inhibition by antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the mutated K-ras gene. Cancer Molecular Biology 1994;1:145-156

• 20) Feng M, Cabrera G, et al:Neoplastic reversion accomplished by high efficiency adenoviral-mediated delivery of an anti-ras ribozyme. Cancer Res 1995;55:2024-2028

• 21) Huang HJ, Yee JK, et al:Suppression of the neoplastic phenotype by replacement of RB gene in human cancer cells. Science 1988;242:1563-1566

• 22) Chen PL, Chen YM, et al:Genetic mechanisms of tumor suppression by human p53 gene. Science 1990;250:1576-1580

• 23) Roth JA, Nguyen D, et al:Retrovirus-mediated wild-type p53 gene transfer to tumors of patients with lung cancer. Nat Med 1996;2:985-991

• 24) Rosenberg SA:Clinical protocol:Gene therapy of patients with advanced cancer using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes transduced with the gene coding for tumor necrosis factor. Hum Gene Ther 1990;1:441-480

• 25) Anderson C:Gene therapy researcher under fire over controversial cancer trials. Nature 1992;360:399-400

• 26) Dranoff G, Jaffee E, et al:Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad U S A 1993;90:3539-3543

• 27) Miller AR, McBride WH, et al:Cytokine-mediated gene therapy for cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 1994;1:436-450

• 28) Tepper RI, Mule JJ:Experimental and clinical studies of cytokine gene-modified tumor cells. Hum Gene Ther 1994;5:153-164

• 29) Ram Z, Culver KW, et al:Therapy of malignant brain tumors by intratumoral Implantation of retroviral vector-producing cells. Nat Med 1997;3:1354-1361

• 30) Oldfield EH, Ram Z, et al:Gene therapy for the treatment of brain tumors using intra-tumoral transduction with the thymidine kinase gene and intravenous ganciclovir. Hum Gene Ther 1993;4:39-69

• 31) Deisseroth AB, Holmes F, et al:Use of safety-modified retroviruses to introduce chemotherapy resistance sequences into normal hematopoietic cells for chemoprotection during the therapy of breast cancer:A pilot trial Hum Gene Ther 1996;7:401-416

• 32) Kajii T, Ohama K:Androgenetic origin of hydatidiform mole. Nuture 1977;268:633-634

• 33) Pattillo RA, Sasaki S, et al:Genesis of 46, XY hydatidiform mole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;141:104-105

• 34) Sasaki S, Katayama KP, et al:Cytogenetic analysis of choriocarcinoma cell lines. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1982;34:2253-2256

• 35) Sasaki S, Ohta Y, et al:Study on expression and amplification of c-oncogenes in choriocarcinoma cell lines. Tumor & Infection 1990;3:181-190

• 36) Isozaki T, Sasaki S, et al:Expression and amplification of oncogenes in fresh hydatidiform mole. Tumor & Infection 1990;3:385-396

• 37) 佐々木茂, 磯崎太一:絨毛性疾患について. 日本医事新報 1991;3488:37-40

• 38) Kong B, Isozaki T, Sasaki S:IL-6 antisense-mediated growth inhibition of a choriocarcinoma cell line:An intracellular autocrine growth mechanism. Gynecol Oncol 1996;63:78-84

• 39) 佐々木茂, 磯崎太一, ほか:絨毛癌細胞の増殖とサイトカイン. 産科と婦人科 1997;64:1091-1097

• 40) MacCalman CD, Furth EE, et al:Transduction of human trophoblast cells by recombinant adenoviruses is differentiation dependent. Biol Reprod 1996;54:682-691

• 41) Sawai K, Meruelo D:Cell-specific transfection of choriocarcinoma cells by using Sindbis virus hCG expressing chimeric vector. Biochem Biophys Res Commum 1998;248:315-323

• 42) Kunishige I, Samejima Y, et al:cAMP stimulates the bystander effect in suicide gene therapy of human choriocarcinoma. Anticancer Res 1998;18:3411-3420

• 43) Matsuda T, Sasaki M, et al:Human chromosome 7 carries a putative tumor suppressor gene(s) involved in choriocarcinoma. Oncogene 1997;15:2773-2781

• 44) 松田貴雄, 浅野間和夫, ほか:ヒト7番染色体に存在が推定される絨毛癌抑制遺伝子の単離. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1999;51:S271

• 45) Fulop V, Colitti CV, et al:DOC-2/hDab2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Oncogene 1998;17:419-424

• 46) 近藤春彦, 浅野間和夫, ほか:胎盤および絨毛性疾患におけるp73遺伝子発現の解析. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1999;51:S398

• 47) Isner JM, Baumgartner I, et al:Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) by intramuscular gene transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor:Preliminary clinical results. J Vasc Surg 1998;28:964-973

X 治療後管理

P.287 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Park WW:Choriocarcinoma. A Study of its Pathology. 1971;p138, William Heinemann, London

• 2) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 3) 半藤 保, 児玉省二:全胞状奇胎の自然史. 産科と婦人科 1985;52:760-764

• 4) 友田 豊, 石塚隆夫, ほか:絨毛性疾患の管理. 産婦人科治療 1990;61(増刊号):395-398

• 5) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp180-182, 永井書店, 大阪

• 6) 半藤 保, 大野正文, 黒瀬高明:絨毛性疾患に対する妊孕性保存療法. 産科と婦人科 1992;59:831-837

P.296 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995;金原出版, 東京

• 2) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp45-46, 永井書店, 大阪

• 3) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp93-94, 永井書店, 大阪

• 4) Bower M, Newlands ES, et al:EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors:Results from a cohort of 272 patients. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2636-2643

• 5) Rustin GJS, Newlands ES, et al:Combination but not single-agent methotrexate chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors increases the incidence of second tumors. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2769-2773

• 6) 半藤 保, 黒瀬高明, ほか:全奇胎の外陰転移例. 産科と婦人科 1999;66:1115-1118

• 7) Sugiura M, Goto S, et al:The establishment and characterization of three new gestational choriocarcinoma cell lines. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1988;40:1447-1454

• 8) 半藤 保:絨毛性疾患. 図説産婦人科VIEW 12, 薬物療法-最新の癌化学療法を中心に. 1994;pp96-107, メジカルビュー社, 東京

• 9) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp149-150, 永井書店, 大阪

• 10) TH-83 研究会(代表世話人:竹内正七):EIA法による超感度hCG 測定試薬(TH-83E)の臨床応用. 産科と婦人科 1986;53:1482-1486

• 11) Hartree AS, Shownkee RC, et al:Studies of the human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance of human pituitary glands and its significance. J Endocrinol 1983;96:115-126

• 12) Stenman UH, Alfthan H, et al:Serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin in nonpregnant women and men are modulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and sex steroids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:730-736

• 13) 金沢浩二, 青木陽一, ほか:血清hCG-like substances Buserelin 投与によって抑制される可能性-絨毛癌の寛解判定と関連して. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1992;44:1297-1300

• 14) 後藤節子, 岡本知光, 野村誠二:絨毛性疾患の管理. 臨床婦人科産科 1998;52:192-195

• 15) Vardar MA, Altintas A:Placental-site trophoblastic tumor. Principles of diagnosis, clinical behaviour and treatment. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1995;16:290-295

• 16) Bower M, Paradinas FJ, et al:Placental site trophoblastic tumor:Molecular analysis and clinical experience. Clin Cancer Res 1996;2:897-902

• 17) Kashimura M, Kashimura Y, et al:Placentalsite trophoblastic tumor:Immunohistochemical and nuclear DNA study. Gynecol Oncol 1990;38:262-267

• 18) Kurman RJ, Scully RE, Norris HJ:Trophoblastic pseudotumor of the uterus:An exaggerated form of "syncytial endometritis" simulating a malignant tumor. Cancer 1976;38:1214-1226

• 19) Scully RE, Young RH:Trophoblastic pseudotumor:A reappraisal Am J Surg Pathol 1981;5:75-76

• 20) Newlands ES, Bower M, et al:Management of placental site trophoblastic tumors. J Reprod Med 1998;43:53-59

• 21) Swisher E, Drescher CW:Metastatic placental site trophoblastic tumor:Long-term remission in apatient treated with EMA/CO chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 1998;68:62-65

• 22) Twiggs LB, Hartenbadh E, King LA:Metastatic placental site trophoblastic tumor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998;60(suppl):S51-S55

• 23) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996;pp112-113, 永井書店, 大阪

XI 特殊な絨毛性疾患

P.306 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Marchand F:Uber die sogenannten "decidualen" Geschwulste im Anschluss an normale Geburt, Abort, Blasenmole und Extrauterinschwangerschaft. Monasschr Geburtshilfe Gynakologie 1895;1:419-438

• 2) Ewing J:Chorioma:A clinical and pathological study. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1910;10:366-392

• 3) Kurman RJ, Scully RE, Norris HJ:Trophoblastic pseudotumor of the uterus:An exaggerated form of "syncytial endometritis" simulating a malignant tumor. Cancer 1976;38:1214-1226

• 4) Twiggs LB, Okagaki T, et al:Trophoblastic pseudotumor:Evidence of malignant disease potential. Gynecol Oncol 1981;12:238-248

• 5) Scully RE, Young RH:Trophoblastic pseudotumor:A reappraisal. Am J Surg Pathol 1981;5:75-76

• 6) Kurman RJ, Young RH, et al:Immunocytochemical localization of placental lactogen and chorionic gonadotropin in the normal placenta and trophoblastic tumors, with emphasis on intermediate trophoblast and the placental site trophoblastic tumor. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1984;3:101-121

• 7) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995;pp8-19, 金原出版, 東京

• 8) Kashimura M, Kashimura Y, et al:Placental site trophoblastic tumor:Immunohistochemical and nuclear DNA study. Gynecol Oncol 1990;38:262-267

• 9) Bagshawe KD, Lawler SD:Hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Obstetrics (Turnbull A, eds). 1989;pp453-488, Churchill Livingstone, New York

• 10) Young RH, Scully RE, McCluskey RTA:Adistinctive glomerular lesion complicating placental site trophoblastic tumor:Report of two cases. Hum Pathol 1985;16:35-42

• 11) Fukunaga M, Ushigome S:Malignant trophoblastic tumors:Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric comparison of choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumors. Hum Pathol 1993;24:1098-1106

• 12) Samlowski WE, Abott TM, et al:Placental-site trophoblastic tumor (trophoblastic pseudotumor):Case report demonstrating failure of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy to control metastatic disease. Gynecol Oncol 1985;21:111-117

• 13) Nagelberg SB, Rosen SW:Clinical and laboratory investigation of a virilized woman with placental-site trophoblastic tumor. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65:527-534

• 14) 吉田吉信, 川浪太郎, ほか:悪性経過をたどったplacental-site trophoblastic tumor-その特異的臨床像と病理組織学的, 免疫細胞化学的所見について. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1987;39:S321

• 15) Berkowitz BJ, Jones JG, et al:Ovarian conservation in placental site trophoblastic tumor. Gynecol Oncol 1990;37:239-243

• 16) Kotylo PK, Michael H, et al:Flowcytometric DNA analysis of placental-site trophoblastic tumors. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1992;11:245-252

• 17) Brewer CA, Adelson MD, Elder RC:Erythrocytosis associated with a placental-site trophoblastic tumor. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:846-849

• 18) Hoffman JS, Siverman AD, et al:Placental site trophoblastic tumor:A report of radiologic, surgical and pathologic methods of evaluating the extent of disease. Gynecol Oncol 1993;50:110-114

• 19) Denny LA, Dehaeck K, et al:Placental site trophoblastic tumor:Three case reports and litera-ture review. Gynecol Oncol 1995;59:300-303

• 20) Kodama S, Kase H, et al:Recurrent placental site trophoblastic tumor of the uterus:Clinical, pathologic, ultrastructural, and DNA fingerprint study. Gynecol Oncol 1996;60:89-93

• 21) Swisher E, Drescher CW:Metastatic placental site trophoblastic tumor:Long-term remission in apatient treated with EMA/CO chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 1998;68:62-65

• 22) Nagamani M, Kaspar HG, et al:Hyperthecosis of the ovaries in a woman with a placental site trophoblastic tumor. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:931-935

• 23) Schneider D, Halperin R, et al:Placental-site trophoblastic tumor following metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 1996;63:267-269

• 24) Remadi S, Lifschitz-Mercer B, et al:Metastasizing placental site trophoblastic tumor:Immunohistochemical and DNA analysis:2 case reports and a review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1997;259:97-103

• 25) Chang YL, Chang TC, et al:Prognostic factors and treatment for placental site trophoblastic tumor:Report of 3 cases and analysis of 88 cases. Gynecol Oncol 1999;73:216-222

• 26) Yamamoto Y, Otsuka H, et al:Placental-site trophoblastic tumor of the uterus:Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical observations of a case. Acta Pathol Jpn 1987;37:1979-1986

• 27) Sakamoto C, Oikawa K, et al:Sonographic appearance of placental site trophoblastic tumor. J Ultrasound Med 1990;9:533-535

• 28) Caspi B, Elchalal U, et al:Invasive mole and placentat site trophoblastic tumor:Two entities of gestational trophoblastic disease with a common ultrasonographic appearance. J Ultrasound Med 1991;10:517-519

• 29) Eckstein RP, Paradinas FJ, Bagshawe KD:Placental site trophoblastic tumour (trophoblastic pseudotumour):A study of four cases requiring hysterectomy including one fatal case. Histopathology 1982;6:211-226

• 30) Gloor E, Ribolzi J, et al:Placental site trophoblastic tumor (trophoblastic pseudotumor) of the uterus with metastasis and fatal outcome:Clinical and autopsy observations of a case. Am J Surg Pathol 1983;7:483-486

• 31) Hopkins M, Nunez C, et al:Malignant placental site trophoblastic tumor. Obstet Gynecol 1985;66:95-100

• 32) Eckstein RP, Russel P, et al:Metastasizing placental site trophoblastic tumor:A case study. Hum Pathol 1985;16:632-636

• 33) Sugimori H, Kashimura Y, et al:Nuclear DNA content of trophoblastic tumors. Acta Cytol 1978;22:542-545

• 34) 柏村賀子:絨毛性疾患の細胞診. 婦人科細胞診の実際(柏村正道, 編). 1998;pp115-126, 永井書店, 大阪

• 35) 小原光祥, 藤原 仁, ほか:Placental site trophoblastic tumorの1例. 日本臨床細胞学会九州連合会雑誌 1990;21:79-82

• 36) Lathrop JC, Lauchlan S, et al:Clinical characteristics of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). Gynecol Oncol 1988;31:32-42

• 37) Dessau R, Rustin GJ, et al:Surgery and chemotherapy in the management of placental site tumor. Gynecol Oncol 1990;391:56-59

• 38) Vardar MA, Altintas A:Placental-site trophoblastic tumor. Principles of diagnosis, clinical behavior and treatment. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1995;16:290-295

P.314 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Marchand F:On malignant chorionepithelioma. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1903;4:74-79

• 2) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 3) Marchand F:Ueber den Bau der Blasenmole. Z Geburtsh Gynak 1895;32:405-472

• 4) Ewing J:Chorioma:A clinical and pathological study. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1910;10:366-392

• 5) Young RH, Scully RE:Placental-site trophoblastic tumor:Current status. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984;27:248-258

• 6) Scully RE, Young RH:Trophoblastic pseudotumor. A reappraisal. Am J Surg Pathol 1981;5:75-76

• 7) Kurman RJ, Scully RE, Norris HJ:Trophoblastic pseudotumor of the uterus. An exaggerated form of "syncytial endometritis" stimulating a malignant tumor. Cancer 1976;38:1214-1226

• 8) Collins RJ, Ngan HY, Wong LC:Placental site trophoblastic tumor:With features between an exaggerated placental site reaction and a placental site trophoblastic tumor. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1990;9:170-177

• 9) Ewing J:Neoplastic Diseases. A Treatise on Tumors, 40th ed. 1942, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, London

• 10) Young RH, Kurman RJ, Scully RE:Placental site nodules and plaques. A clinicopathologic analysis of 20 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:1001-1009

P.319 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Shih I-M, Kurman RJ:Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor:A neoplasm distinct from choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor simulating carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22(11):1393-1403

• 2) Mazur MT, Kurman RJ:Gestational trophoblastic disease and related lesions. Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract (Kurman RJ, ed). 1994;pp1049-1093, Springer-Verlag, New York

• 3) Shih I-M, Kurman RJ:Expression of melanoma cell adhesion molecule in intermediate trophoblast. Lab Invest 1996;75:377-388

• 4) Shih I-M, Seidman JD, Kurman RJ:Placental site nodule and characterization of distinctive types of intermediate trophoblast. Hum Pathol 1999;30(6):687-694

• 5) 福永真治:絨毛性疾患の病理組織診断-胞状奇胎, 絨毛癌, PSTT. 産科と婦人科 1999;66 (suppl):223-232

• 6) Shih I-M, Kurman RJ:Ki-67 labeling index in the differential diagnosis of exaggerated placental site, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and choriocarcinoma:A double immunohistochemical staining technique using Ki-67 and Mel-CAM antibodies. Hum Pathol 1998;29(1):27-33

P.328 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Park WW:Choriocarcinoma:A Study of its Pathology. 1971, FA Davis, Philadelphia

• 2) Van der Werf AJ, Broeders GH, et al:Metastatic choriocarcinoma as a complication of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1970;35:78-88

• 3) Cunanan RG, Lippes J, Tancinco PA:Choriocarcinoma of the ovary with coexisting normal pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55:669-672

• 4) Hutchison JR, Peterson EP, Zimmermann EA:Coexisting metastatic choriocarcinoma and normal pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1968;31:331-336

• 5) Tsukamoto N, Kashimura Y, et al:Choriocarcinoma occurring within the normal placenta with breast metastasis. Gynecol Oncol 1981;11:348-363

• 6) Tsukamoto N, Matsumura M, et al:Choriocarcinoma in mother and fetus. Gynecol Oncol 1986;24:113-119

• 7) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 8) Douglas GF, Otts OM:Chorionepithelioma associated with normal pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1949;57:401-404

• 9) MacRae DJ:Chorionepithelioma occurring during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1951;58:373-388

• 10) Driscoll SG:Choriocarcinoma:An "incidental finding" within a term placenta. Obstet Gynecol 1963;21:96-101

• 11) Brewer JI, Gerbie AB:Early development of choriocarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966;94:692-710

• 12) 山田千里, 並木恒夫:妊娠中に発症した絨毛癌. 産科と婦人科 1978;45:1230-1234

• 13) Brewer JI, Mazur MT:Gestational choriocarcinoma:Its origin in the placenta during seemingly normal pregnancy. Am J Surg Pathol 1981;5:267-277

• 14) Temple-Camp CRE, Ainslie G:Early gestational choriocarcinoma:A case report. S Atr Med J 1982;62:1040-1041

• 15) Avril MF, Mathieu A, et al:Infantile choriocarcinoma with cutaneous tumors. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;14:918-927

• 16) Fox H, Laurini R:Intraplacental choriocarcinoma:A report of two cases. J Clin Pathol 1988;41:1085-1088

• 17) Ollendorff DA, Goldberg JM, et al:Markedly elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein associated with a normal fetus and choriocarcinoma of the placenta. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:494-497

• 18) Duleba AJ, Miller D, et al:Expectant management of choriocarcinoma limited to placenta. Gynecol Oncol 1992;44:277-280

• 19) Christopherson WA, Kanbour A, Szulman AE:Choriocarcinoma in a term placenta with maternal metastases. Gynecol Oncol 1992;46:239-245

• 20) Lage JM, Roberts DJ:Choriocarcinoma in a term placenta:Pathologic diagnosis oftumor in an asymptomatic patient with metastatic disease. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1993;12:80-85

• 21) Fukunaga M, Nomura K, Ushigome S:Choriocarcinoma in situ at a first trimester:Report of two cases indicating an origin oftrophoblast of a stem villus. Virchows Arch 1996;429:185-188

• 22) Emery JL:Chorionepithelioma in a new-born male child with hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of the testis. J Pathol Bacteriol 1952;64:735-739

• 23) Kay S, Reed WG:Chorioepithelioma of the lung in a female infant seven months old. Am J Pathol 1953;29:555-561

• 24) Buckell EW, Owen TK:Chorionepithelioma in mother and child. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1954;61:329-330

• 25) Mercer RD, Lammert AC, et al:Choriocarcinoma in mother and infant. J Amer Med Assoc 1958;166:482-483

• 26) Daamen CBF, Bloem GWD, Westerbreek AJ:Chorionepithelioma in mother and child. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1961;68:144-149

• 27) Witzleben CL, Bruninga G:Infantile choriocarcinoma:A characteristic syndrome. J Pediatr 1968;73:374-378

• 28) Flam F, Lunds trom V, Silfversward C:Choriocarcinoma in mother and child:Case report, Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:241-244

• 29) Chandra SA, Gilbert EF, et al:Neonatal intracranial choriocarcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990;114:1079-1082

• 30) Hongo T, Fujii Y, et al:Long-term treatment in infantile choriocarcinoma. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1992;34:52-59

• 31) Fraser GC, Hemming BA, et al:The treatment of simultaneous choriocarcinoma in mother and baby. J Pediatr Surg 1992;27:1318-1319

• 32) Belchis DA, Mowry J, Davis JH:Infantile choriocarcinoma:Re-examination of a potentially curable entity. Cancer 1993;72:2028-2032

• 33) Dautenhahn L, Babyn PS, Smith CR:Metastatic choriocarcinoma in an infant:Imaging appearance. Pediatr Radiol 1993;23:597-600

• 34) Kim SN, Chi JG, et al:Neonatal choriocarcinoma of liver. Pediatr Pathol 1993;13:723-730

• 35) Picton SV, Bose-Haider B, et al:Simultaneous choriocarcinoma in mother and newborn infant. Med Pediatr Oncol 1995;25:475-478

• 36) Kishkurno S, Ishida A, et al:A case of neonatal choriocarcinoma. Am J Perinatol 1997;14:79-82

• 37) Nieuwenhuijzen AC, Van Lent M, et al:Choriocarcinoma in mother and child, identified by immunoenzyme histochemistry. Am J Clin Pathol 1977;67:279-283

• 38) Blackburn GK:Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage due to choriocarcinoma of the uterus. J Pediatr 1976;89:680-681

P.337 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Gusberg SB, Shingleton HM, Deppe G:Female Genital Cancer. 1988, Churchill Livingstone, New York

• 2) 坂元正一, 水野正彦, 武谷雄二(監):プリンシプル産婦人科学. 1997;pp633-642, メジカルビュー社, 東京

• 3) Pick L:Das Epithelioma Chorioektodermale. Ber Klin Wochensch 1904;41:158

• 4) 絨毛性疾患分類に関する日本産科婦人科学会日本病理学会合同委員会:日本産科婦人科学会・日本病理学会 絨毛性疾患分類. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1979;31:525

• 5) 絨毛性疾患分類に関する日本産科婦人科学会日本病理学会合同委員会:日本産科婦人科学会・日本病理学会 絨毛性疾患分類. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1982;34:1806

• 6) 友田 豊, 後藤節子:絨毛性疾患の診断と治療. 1996, 永井書店, 大阪

• 7) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):絨毛性疾患取扱い規約, 改訂第2版. 1995, 金原出版, 東京

• 8) 日本産科婦人科学会, 日本病理学会(編):卵巣腫瘍取扱い規約, 第1部. 1990, 金原出版, 東京

• 9) Vance RP, Geisinger KR:Pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary:Report of a case. Cancer 1985;56:2321-2325

• 10) Axe SR, Klein VR, Woodruff DW:Choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol 1985;66:111-114

• 11) Simsek T, Trak B, et al:Primary pure choriocarcinoma of the ovary in reproductive ages:A case report. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1998;19:284-286

• 12) Babu MK, Kini U:Choriocarcinoma of the ovary in a post-menopausal woman. Indian J Cancer 1996;33:111-116

• 13) Jacobs AJ, Newland JR, Green RK:Pure choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1982;37:603
  pubmed

• 14) Wheeler Ac, Davis S, O'Quinn GA:ovarian choriocarcinoma:A difficult diagnosis of an unusual tumor and a review of the hook effect. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75:547-549

• 15) Fisher RA, Newlands ES, et al:Gestational and nongestational trophoblastic tumors distinguished by DNA analysis. Cancer 1992;69:839-845

• 16) Tanaka K, Nabeshima Y, et al:Lack of effective messenger RNA for beta-microglobulin in a gestational human choriocarcinoma cell line. Cancer Res 1981;41:3639-3641

• 17) Fine G, Smith RW, Pachto MR:Primary extragonadal choriocarcinoma in the male subject. Am J Med 1962;32:776-794

• 18) Kawakami Y, Yamada O, et al:Primary intracranial choriocarcinoma. J Neurosurg 1980;53:369-374

• 19) Sullivan LG:Primary choriocarcinoma of the lung in a man. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1989;113:82-83

• 20) Coskun M, Agildere AM, et al:Primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach and pancreas:CT findings. Eur Radiol 1998;8:1425-1428

• 21) Laipply TC, Shipley RA:Extragonadal choriocarcinoma in the male. Am J Surg 1945;21:921 933

• 22) Sugano I, Nagao K, et al:Primary nongestational choriocarcinoma of submental region. Acta Pathol Jpn 1984;34:895-900

• 23) Pick L:Uber die Chorioepithelaehnliche metastasierende Form des Magencarcinomas. Klin Wochenschr 1926;5:1728-1729

• 24) Jindrak K, Bochetto JF, Alpert LI:Primary gastric choriocarcinoma:Case report with review of world literature. Hum Pathol 1976;7:595-64

• 25) Krulewski T, Cohen LB:Choriocarcinoma of the stomach:Pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. Am J Gastroenterol 1988;83:1172-1175

• 26) Ordonez NG, Luna MA:Choriocarcinoma of the colon. Am J Gastroenterol 1984;79:39-42

• 27) Kubosawa H, Kagao K, et al:Coexistence of adenocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon. Cancer 1984;54:866-868

• 28) Tokisue M, Yasutake K, et al:Coexistence of choriocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the rectum:Molecular aspects. J Gastroenterol 1996;31:431-436

• 29) Obe JA, Rosen ND, Koss LG:Primary choriocarcinoma of the urinary bladder, report of a case with probable epithelial origin. Cancer 1983;52:1405-1409

• 30) Civantos F, Rywlin AM:Carcinomas with trophoblastic differentiation and secretion of cholorionic gonadotropin. Cancer 1972;29:789-798

• 31) Savage J, Subby W, Okagaki T:Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with trophoblastic differentiation and metastases as choriocarcinoma:A case report. Gynecol Oncol 1987;26:257-262

• 32) 礒西成治, 安田 允, ほか:子宮原発の非妊娠性絨毛癌の1例. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1985;37:669-672

• 33) 竹内正七, 前田一雄(編):図説臨床産婦人科講座第7巻, 絨毛性腫瘍. 1978, メジカルビュー社, 東京

• 34) 笹川 基, 渡辺重博, ほか:Tromal(ラット単クローン抗体)およびCAM5. 2(マウス単クローン抗体)の組織における反応性に関する研究-正常妊娠および絨毛性疾患における組織学的 trophoblast markerとしての検討. 日本産科婦人科学会雑誌 1986;38:535-544

• 35) Morley JE, Jacobson RJ, et al:Choriocarcinoma as a cause ofthyrotoxicosis. Am J Med 1976;60:1036-1040

• 36) Brouwer WK, Raalte HA, et al:An extra gonadal non-gestational choriocarcinoma in a woman treated for an endometrial carcinoma. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995;60:195-199

• 37) Smith BD, O'Reilly MS, Newlands SE:Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease. Curr Opin obstet Gynecol 1993;5:84-91