書籍詳細

[1] ATP感受性K+チャネルと不整脈

P.21 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Noma A:ATP-regulated K+channels in cardiac muscle. Nature 305:147-148, 1983
  pubmed

• 2) Cook DL, et al:Intracellular ATP directly blocks K+channels in pancreatic β-cells. Nature 311:271-273, 1984

• 3) Spruce AE, et al:Voltage-dependent ATP-sensitive potassium channels of skeletal muscle membrane. Nature 316:736-738, 1985
  pubmed

• 4) Ashford ML, et al:Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-sensitive ion channels in neonatal rat cultured central neurons. Pflugers Arch 412:297-304, 1988
  pubmed

• 5) Standen NB, et al:Hyperpolarizing vasodilators activates ATP-sensitive K+channels in arterial smooth muscle. Science 245:177-180, 1989
  pubmed

• 6) Sturgess NC, et al:The sulfonylurea receptor may be an ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Lancet 2:474-475, 1985
  pubmed

• 7) Zunkler BJ, et al:Concentration-dependent effects of tolbutamide, meglitinide, glipizide, glibenclamide and diazoxide on the ATP-regulated K+currents in pancreatic B-cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 337:225-230, 1988
  pubmed

• 8) Arena JP, et al:Enhancement of potassium-sensitive current in heart cells by pinacidil. Evidence for modulation of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Circ Res 65:436-445, 1989
  pubmed

• 9) Hiraoka M, et al:Activation of ATP-sensitive outward K+current by nicorandil (2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate) in isolated ventricular myocytes. J Phamacol Exp Ther 250:278-285, 1989

• 10) Inagaki N, et al:Reconstitution of 1KATP; An inward rectifier subunit plus the sulfonylurea receptor. Science 270:1166-1170, 1995

• 11) Aguilar-Bryan L, et al:Cloning of the β cell high-affinity sulfonnylurea receptor; A regulator of insulin secretion. Science 268:423-426, 1995

• 12) Inagaki N, et al:A family of sulfonylurea receptors determines the pharmacological properties of ATP-sensitive K+channels. Neuron 16:1011-1017, 1996
  pubmed

• 13) Isomoto S, et al:A novel sulfonylurea receptor forms with BIR (Kir6.2) a smooth muscle type ATP-sensitive K+channel. J Biol Chem 271:24321-24324, 1996

• 14) Seino S, et al:Gene targeting approach to clarification of ion channel function; Studies of Kir6.x null mice. J Physiol 554:295-300, 2003
  pubmed

• 15) Wolleben CD, et al:Influence of ATP-sensitive potassium channels modulators on ischemia-induced fibrillation in isolated rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 21:783-788, 1989
  pubmed

• 16) Chi L, et al:Profibrillatory actions of pinacidil in a conscious canine model of sudden coronary death. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 15:452-464, 1990

• 17) Billman GE, et al:HMR 1883, a novel cardioselective inhibitor of the ATP sensitive potassium channel. Part II; Effects on susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation induced by myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286:1465-1473, 1998

• 18) Kerr MJ, et al:Supression of ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery ligation by pinacidil, a vasodilator drug. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7:875-883, 1985

• 19) Lepran I, et al:ATP-sensitive potassium channel modulators; Both pinacidil and glibenclamide produce antiarrhythmic activity during acute myocardial infarction in conscious rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277:1215-1220, 1996
  pubmed

• 20) Saito T, et al:Role of ATP-sensitive K+channels in electrophysiological alterations during myocardial ischemia; A study using Kir6. 2-null mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H352-H357, 2005
  pubmed

• 21) O'Rouke B:Pathophysiological and protective roles of mitochondrial ion channels. J Physiol 529:23-36, 2000

• 22) Fischbach PS, et al:Risk of ventricular proarrhythmia with selective opening of the myocardial sarcolemmal versus mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:554-559, 2004
  pubmed

• 23) Das B, et al:Is the sarcolemmal or mitochondrial KATP channel activation important in the antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects during acute ischemia/reperfusion in the intact anesthetized rabbit model? Life Sci 77:1226-1248, 2005

• 24) Spinelli W, et al:Antiarrhythmic actions of the ATP-regulated K+current activated by pinacidil. Circ Res 68:1127-1137, 1991
  pubmed

• 25) Takahashi N, et al:Nicorandil suppresses early afterdepolarization and ventricular arrhythmias induced by caesium chloride in rabbits in vivo. Cardiovasc Res 25:445-452, 1991

• 26) Aizawa Y, et al:Effects of the ATP-sensitive K channel opener nicorandil on the QT interval and the effective refractory period in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. J Electrocardiol 31:117-123, 1998

• 27) Zingman LV, et al:Kir6. 2 is required for adaptation to stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:13278-13283, 2002
  pubmed

• 28) Kane GC, et al:KCNJ11 gene knockout of the Kir6. 2 KATP channel causes maladaptive remodeling and heart failure in hypertension. Hum Mol Genet 15:2285-2297, 2006
  pubmed

• 29) Yamada S, et al:Protection conferred by myocardial ATP-sensitive K+channels in pressure overload-induced congestive heart failure revealed in KCNJ11 kir6. 2-null mutant. J Physiol 577:1053-1065, 2006
  pubmed

• 30) Liu XK, et al:Genetic disruption of Kir6. 2, the pore-forming subunit of ATP-sensitive K+channel, predisposes to catecholamine-induced ventricular dysrhythmia. Diabetes 53 (Suppl. 3):S165-S168, 2004

• 31) Najeed SA, et al:Differential effect of glyburide (glibenclamide) and metformin on QT dispersion; A potential adenosine triphosphate sensitive K+channel effect. Am J Cardiol 90:1103-1106, 2002
  pubmed

• 32) Bienengraeber M, et al:ABCC9 mutations identified in human dilated cardiomyopathy disrupt catalytic KATP channel gating. Nat Genet 36:382-387, 2004
  pubmed

• 33) Sawanobori T, et al:Role for ATP-sensitive K+channel in the development of A-V block during hypoxia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 27:647-657, 1995

• 34) Miki T, et al:Mouse model of Prinzmetal angina by disruption of the inward rectifier Kir6. 1. Nat Med 8:466-472, 2002
  pubmed

• 35) Suzuki M, et al:Functional roles of cardiac and vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channels clarified by Kir6. 2 knockout mice. Circ Res 88:570-577, 2001
  pubmed

• 36) Chutkow WA, et al:Episodic coronary artery vasospasm and hypertension develop in the absence of Sur2 KATP channels. J Clin Invest 110:203-208, 2002
  pubmed

• 37) Olson TM, et al:KATP channel mutation confers risk for vein of Marshall adrenergic atrial fibrillation. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 4:110-116, 2007
  pubmed

• 38) Honjo H, et al:Pacing-induced spontaneous activity in myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins after treatment with ryanodine. Circulation 107:1937-1943, 2003
  pubmed

• 39) Vereckei A, et al:Effect of the cardioselective, sarcolemmal KATP channel blocker HMR 1098 on atrial electrical remodeling during pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in dogs. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 18:23-30, 2004
  pubmed

• 40) Brundel BJ, et al:Alterations in potassium channel gene expression in atria of patients with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; Differential regulation of protein and mRNA levels for K+channels. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:926-932, 2001

• 41) Balana B, et al:Decreased ATP-sensitive K+current density during chronic human atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 35:1399-1405, 2003
  pubmed

[2] 不整脈に対するupstream治療の可能性

P.39 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Members of the Sicilian Gambit:New Approaches to Antiarrhythmic Therapy, Part I; Emerging therapeutic applications of the cell biology of cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation 104:2865-2873, 2001
  pubmed

• 2) Nattel S, et al:Arrhythmogenic ion-channel remodeling in the heart; Heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation. Physiol Rev 87:425-456, 2007
  pubmed

• 3) Tomaselli GF, et al:Electrophysiological remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 42:270-283, 1999
  pubmed

• 4) Kaab S, et al:Ionic mechanism of action potential prolongation in ventricular myocytes from dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. Circ Res 78:262-273, 1996
  pubmed

• 5) Kaab S, et al:Molecular basis of transient outward potassium current downregulation in human heart failure; Adecrease in Kv4. 3 mRNA correlates with a reduction in current density. Circulation 98:1383-1393, 1998

• 6) Zicha S, et al:Transmural expression of transient outward potassium current subunits in normal and failing canine and human hearts. J Physiol 561:735-748, 2004
  pubmed

• 7) Akar FG, et al:Molecular mechanisms underlying K+current downregulation in canine tachycardia-induced heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H2887-H2896, 2005
  pubmed

• 8) Li GR, et al:Ionic current abnomalities associated with prolonged action potentials in cardiomyocytes from diseased human right ventricles. Heart Rhythm 1:460-468, 2004

• 9) Li GR, et al:Transmural action potential and ionic current remodeling in ventricles of failing canine hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283:H1031-H1041, 2002
  pubmed

• 10) Tsuji Y, et al:Potassium channel subunit remodeling in rabbits exposed to long-term bradycardia or tachycardia; Discrete arrhythmogenic consequences related to differential delayed-rectifier changes. Circulation 113:345-355, 2006
  pubmed

• 11) Borlak J, et al:Hallmarks of ion channel gene expression in end-stage heart failure. FASEB J 17:1592-1608, 2003
  pubmed

• 12) Watanabe E, et al:Upregulation of KCNEI induces QT interval prolongation in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 71:471-478, 2007
  pubmed

• 13) Sah R, et al:Inhibition of calcineurin and sarcolemmal Ca2+influx protects cardiac morphology and ventricular function in KV4. 2N transgenic mice. Circulation 105:1850-1856, 2002
  pubmed

• 14) Rossow CF, et al:NFATc3-induced reductions in voltage-gated K+currents after myocardial infarction. Circ Res 94:1340-1350, 2004
  pubmed

• 15) Costantini DL, et al:The homeodomain transcription factor lrxs establishes the mouse cardiac ventricular repolarization gradient. Cell 123:347-358, 2005

• 16) Schroder F, et al:Increased availability and open probability of single L-type calcium channels from failing compared with nonfailing human ventricle. Circulation 98:969-976, 1998

• 17) O'Rourke B, et al:Mechanisms of altered excitation-contraction coupling in canine tachycardia-induced heart failure, I; Experimental studies. Circ Res 84:562-570, 1999

• 18) Marx SO, et al:PKA phosphorylation dissociates FKBP12. 6 from the calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) ; Defective regulation in failing hearts. Cell 101:365-376, 2000
  pubmed

• 19) Ai X, et al:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase modulates cardiac ryanodine receptor phosphorylation and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+leak in heart failure. Circ Res 97:1314-1322, 2005
  pubmed

• 20) Sipido KR:CaM or cAMP; Linkingβ-adrenergic stimulation to`leaky' RyRs. Circ Res 100:296-298, 2007

• 21) Kuwahara K, et al:NRSF regulates the fetal cardiac gene program and maintains normal cardiac structure and function. EMBO J 22:6310-6321, 2003
  pubmed

• 22) Poelzing S, et al:Altered connexin43 expression produces arrhythmia substrate in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287:H1762-H1770, 2004
  pubmed

• 23) Ai X, et al:Connexin 43 downregulation and dephosphorylation in nonischemic heart failure is associated with enhanced colocalized protein phosphatase type 2A. Circ Res 96:54-63, 2005
  pubmed

• 24) Nattel S, et al:Mechanisms of atrial nbrillation; Lessons from animal models. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 48:9-28, 2005
  pubmed

• 25) Bode F, et al:Tarantula peptide inhibits atrial fibrillation. Nature 409:35-36, 2001
  pubmed

• 26) Cha TJ, et al:Dissociation between ionic remodeling and ability to sustain atrial fibrillation during recovery from experimental congestive heart failure. Circulation 109:412-418, 2004
  pubmed

• 27) Manabe I, et al:Gene expression in fibroblasts and fibrosis; Involvement in cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res 91:1103-1113, 2002
  pubmed

• 28) Cleophas TJ, et al:β-blockers and heart failure; Meta-analysis of mortality trials. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 39:383-388, 2001

• 29) Plank DM, et al:Calcium dynamics in the failing heart; Restoration byβ-adrenergic receptor blockade. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285:H305-H315, 2003

• 30) Doi M, et al:Propranolol prevents the development of heart failure by restoring FKBP12.6-mediated stabilization of ryanodine receptor. Circulation 105:1374-1379, 2002
  pubmed

• 31) Reiken S, et al:β-adrenergic receptor blockers restore cardiac calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) structure and function in heart failure. Circulation 104:2843-2848, 2001

• 32) Okuda S, et al:Valsartan restores sarcoplasmic reticulum function with no appreciable effect on resting cardiac function in pacing-induced heart failure. Circulation 109:911-919, 2004
  pubmed

• 33) Shao Q, et al:Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport and gene expression in congestive heart failure are modified by imidapril treatment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H1674-H1682, 2005
  pubmed

• 34) Sakai S, et al:Long-term endothelin receptor antagonist administration improves alterations in expression of various cardiac genes in failing myocardium of rats with heart failure. Circulation 101:2849-2853, 2000
  pubmed

• 35) Matsumoto Y, et al:Long-term endothelin a receptor blockade inhibits electrical remodeling in cardiomyopathic hamsters. Circulation 106:613-619, 2002
  pubmed

• 36) Torre-Amione G, et al:Hemodynamic effects of tezosentan, an intravenous dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with class III to IV congestive heart failure. Circulation 103:973-980, 2001
  pubmed

• 37) Kelland NF, et al:Clinical trials of endothelin antagonists in heart failure; Publication is good fbr the public health. Heart 93:2-4, 2007

• 38) Node K, et al:Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 108:839-843, 2003
  pubmed

• 39) Patel R, et al:Simvastatin induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and improves cardiac function in a transgenic rabbit model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 104:317-324, 2001

• 40) Goldberger JJ, et al:Effects of statin therapy on arrhythmic events and survival in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy J Am Coll Cardiol 48:1228-1233, 2006

• 41) Pitt B, et al; Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators:The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 341:709-717, 1999
  pubmed

• 42) Yano M, et al:FKBP12. 6-mediated stabilization of calcium-release channel (ryanodine receptor) as a novel therapeutic strategy against heart failure. Circulation 107:477-484, 2003
  pubmed

• 43) Wehrens XH, et al:Enhancing calstabin binding to ryanodine receptors improves cardiac and skeletal muscle function in heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:9607-9612, 2005
  pubmed

• 44) del Monte F, et al:Restoration of contractile function in isolated cardiomyocytes from failing human hearts by gene transfer of SERCA2a. Circulation 100:2308-2311, 1999
  pubmed

• 45) Miyamoto MI, et al:Adenoviral gene transfer of SERCA2a improves left-ventricular function in aortic-banded rats in transition to heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:793-798, 2000
  pubmed

• 46) Nuss HB, et al:Reversal of potassium channel deficiency in cells from failing hearts by adenoviral gene transfer; A prototype for gene therapy for disorders of cardiac excitability and contractility. Gene Ther 3:900-912, 1996
  pubmed

• 47) Ennis IL, et al:Dual gene therapy with SERCA I and Kir2. 1 abbreviates excitation without suppressing contractility. J Clin Invest 109:393-400, 2002

• 48) Amino M, et al:Heavy ion radiation up-regulates Cx43 and ameliorates arrhythmogenic substrates in hearts after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 72:412-421, 2006
  pubmed

• 49) Wijffels MC, et al:Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 92:1954-1968, 1995
  pubmed

• 50) Yue L, et al:Ionic remodeling underlying action potential changes in a canine model of atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 81:512-525, 1997

• 51) Yue L, et al:Molecular mechanisms underlying ionic remodeling in a dog model of atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 84:776-784, 1999

• 52) Bnlndel BJ, et al:Ion channel remodeling is related to intraoperative atrial effective refractory periods in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation 103:684-690, 2001
  pubmed

• 53) Brundel BJ, et al:Calpain inhibition prevents pacing-induced cellular remodeling in a HL-1 myocyte model for atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 62:521-528, 2004

• 54) Brundel BJ, et al:Activation of proteolysis by calpains and structural changes in human paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 54:380-389, 2002
  pubmed

• 55) Carnes CA, et al:Ascorbate attenuates atrial pacing-induced peroxynitrite formation and electrical remodeling and decreases the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 89:E32-E38, 2001
  pubmed

• 56) Mihm MJ, et al:Impaired myofibrillar energetics and oxidative injury during human atrial fibrillation. Circulation 104:174-180, 2001
  pubmed

• 57) Shiroshita-Takeshita A, et al:Effect of simvastatin and antioxidant vitamins on atrial fibrillation promotion by atrial-tachycardia remodeling in dogs. Circulation 110:2313-2319, 2004
  pubmed

• 58) Young-Xu Y, et al:Usefulness of statin drugs in protecting against atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 92:1379-1383, 2003
  pubmed

• 59) Sun H, et al:Cellular mechanisms of atrial contractile dysfunction caused by sustained atrial tachycardia. Circulation 98:719-727, 1998
  pubmed

• 60) Schotten U, et al:Cellular mechanisms of depressed atrial contractility in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 103:691-698, 2001
  pubmed

• 61) Ohkusa T, et al:Alterations in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+regulatory proteins in the atrial tissue of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:255-263, 1999
  pubmed

• 62) Vest JA, et al:Defective cardiac ryanodine receptor regulation during atrial fibrillation. Circulation 111:2025-2032, 2005
  pubmed

• 63) El-Armouche A, et al:Molecular determinants of altered Ca2+handling in human chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 114:670-680, 2006
  pubmed

• 64) Christ T, et al:L-type Ca2+current downregulation in chronic human atrial fibrillation is associated with increased activity of protein phosphatases. Circulation 11O:2651-2657, 2004

• 65) Hanna N, et al:Differences in atrial versus ventricular remodeling in dogs with ventricular tachypacing induced congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 63:236-244, 2004
  pubmed

• 66) Verheule S, et al:Increased vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in transgenic mice with selective atrial fibrosis caused by overexpression of TGF-β1. Circ Res 94:1458-1465, 2004

• 67) Ehrlich JR, et al:Role of angiotensin system and effects of its inhibition in atrial fibrillation; Clinical and experimental evidence. Eur Heart J 27:512-518, 2006
  pubmed

• 68) Li D, et al:Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure. Circulation 104:2608-2614, 2001
  pubmed

• 69) Kumagai K, et al:Effects of angiotensin H type l receptor antagonist on electrical and structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:2197-2204, 2003

• 70) Nakashima H, et al:Angiotensin II antagonist prevents electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Circulation101:2612-2617, 2000
  pubmed

• 71) Kistler PM, et al:Absence of acute effects of angiotensin II on atrial electrophysiology in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:154-156, 2005
  pubmed

• 72) Shinagawa K, et al:Effects of inhibiting Na+/H+-exchange or angiotensin converting enzyme on atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling. Cardiovasc Res 54:438-446, 2002
  pubmed

• 73) Fareh S, et al:Differential efficacy of L-and T-type calcium channel blockers in preventing tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling in dogs. Cardiovasc Res 49:762-770, 2001

• 74) Fareh S, et al:The T-type Ca2+channel blocker mibefradil prevents the development of a substrate fbr atrial fibrillation by tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling in dogs. Circulation 100:2191-2197, 1999

• 75) Ohashi N, et al:A comparison between calcium channel blocking drugs with different potencies for T-and L-type channels in preventing atrial electrical remodeling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 44:386-392, 2004

• 76) Aviles RJ, et al:Inflammation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Circulation 108:3006-3010, 2003
  pubmed

• 77) Kim YM, et al:A myocardial Nox2 containing NAD (P) Hoxidase contributes to oxidative stress in humanatrial fibrillation. Circ Res 97:629-636, 2005

• 78) Kumagai K, et al:The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin prevents atrial fibrillation by inhibiting inflammation in a canine sterile pericarditis model. Cardiovasc Res 62:105-111, 2004

• 79) Shiroshita-Takeshita A, et al:Effects of simvastatin on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 74:75-84, 2007
  pubmed

• 80) Kodama I, et al:Amiodarone; Ionic and cellular mechanisms of action of the most promising class III agent. Am J Cardiol 84:20R-28R, 1999
  pubmed

• 81) Shinagawa K, et al:Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on fibrillation in the remodeled atrium; Insights into the mechanism of the superior efficacy of amiodarone. Circulation 107:1440-1446, 2003
  pubmed

• 82) Ashikaga K, et al:Effects of amiodarone on electrical and structural remodeling induced in a canine rapid pacing-induced persistent atrial fibrillation model. Eur J Phannacol 536:148-153, 2006

• 83) Fujiki A, et al:Usefulness and safety of bepridil in converting persistent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol 92:472-475, 2003
  pubmed

• 84) Milliez P, et al:Spironolactone reduces fibrosis of dilated atria during heart failure in rats with myocardial inFarction. Eur Heart J 26:2193-2199, 2005
  pubmed

• 85) Mozaffarian D, et al:Fish intake and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Circulation 110:368-373, 2004
  pubmed

• 86) Calo L, et al:N-3 Fatty acids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery; A randomized, controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:1723-1728, 2005

• 87) Cha TJ, et al:Kir3-based inward rectifier potassium current; Potential role in atrial tachycardia remodeling effects on atrial repolarization and arrhythmias. Circulation 113:1730-1737, 2006
  pubmed

• 88) Kumagai K, et al:Antiarrhythmic effects of JTV-519, a novel cardioprotective drug, on atrial fibrillation/flutter in a canine sterile pericarditis model J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 14:880-884, 2003

[3] 徐脈性不整脈に対する遺伝子・細胞治療の展望

P.53 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Rosen MR, et al:Genes, stem cells and biological pacemakers. Cardiovasc Res 64:12-23, 2004
  pubmed

• 2) Gepstein L, et al:Somatic gene and cell therapy strategies for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286:H815-H822, 2004
  pubmed

• 3) Cohen IS, et al. The why, what, how and when of biological pacemakers. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2:374-375, 2005
  pubmed

• 4) Rosen MR:Biological pacemaker; In our lifetime? Heart Rhythm 2:418-428, 2005

• 5) Gepstein L:Stem cells as biological heart pacemakers. Expert Opin Biol Ther 5:1531-1537, 2005
  pubmed

• 6) Robinson RB, et al:1f and the biological pacemaker. Pharmacol Res 53:407-415, 2006

• 7) Yankelson L, et al:From gene therapy and stem cells to clinical electrophysiology. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29:996-1005, 2006
  pubmed

• 8) Rosen MR:Biological pacemaking; A concept whose time has come. . . or is coming. Heart 93:145-146, 2006
  pubmed

• 9) Boyett MR, et al:The sinoatrial node, a heterogeneous pacemaker structure. Cardiovasc Res 47:658-687, 2000
  pubmed

• 10) Kodama I, et al:Cellular mechanisms of sinoatrial activity. in Cardiac Electrophysiology; From Cell to Bed-side (4th ed), ed by Zipes DP, et al. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 192-202, 2004

• 11) Joyner RW, et al:Propagation through electrically coupled cells. How a small SA node drives a large atrium. Biophys J 50:1157-1164, 1986

• 12) Edelberg JM, et al:Enhancement of murine cardiac chronotropy by the molecular transfer of the humanβ2 adrenergic receptor cDNA. J Clin Invest 101:337-343, 1998

• 13) Edelberg JM, et al:Molecular enhancement of porcine cardiac chronotropy. Heart 86:559-562, 2001
  pubmed

• 14) Miake J, et al:Biological pacemaker created by gene transfer. Nature 419:132-133, 2002
  pubmed

• 15) Miake J, et al:Functional role of inward rectifier current in heart probed by Kir2.1 overexpression and dominant-negative suppression, J Clin Invest 111:1529-1536, 2003
  pubmed

• 16) Shi W, et al:Distribution and prevalence of hyperpolarization-activated cation channel (HCN) mRNA expression in cardiac tissues. Circ Res 85:e1-e6, 1999
  pubmed

• 17) Ishii TM, et al:Molecular characterization of the hyperpolarization-activated cation channel in rabbit heart sinoatrial node. J Biol Chem 274:12835-12839, 1999
  pubmed

• 18) Qu J, et al:Expression and function of a biological pacemaker in canine heart. Circulation 107:1106-1109, 2003
  pubmed

• 19) Plotnikov AN, et al:Biological pacemaker implanted in canine left bundle branch provides ventricular escape rhythms that have physiologically acceptable rates. Circulation 109:506-512, 2004 .
  pubmed

• 20) Kurata Y, et al:Effects of pacemaker currents on creation and modulation of human ventricular pacemaker; Theoretical study with application to biological pacemaker engineering. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292:H701-H718, 2007
  pubmed

• 21) Qu J, et al:HCN2 overexpression in newborn and adult ventricular myocytes; Distinct effects on gating and excitability. Circ Res 89:e8-e14, 2001
  pubmed

• 22) Bucchi A, et al:Wild-type and mutant HCN channels in a tandem biological-electronic cardiac pacemaker. Circulation 114:992-999, 2006

• 23) Tse HF, et al:Bioartificial sinus node constructed via in vivo gene transfer of an engineered pacemaker HCN Channel reduces the dependence on electronic pacemaker in a sick-sinus syndrome model. Circulation 114:1000-1011, 2006

• 24) Xue T, et al:Mechanistic role of If revealed by induction of ventricular automaticity by somatic gene transfer of gating-engineered pacemaker (HCN) channels. Circulation 115:1839-1850, 2007
  pubmed

• 25) Xue T, et al:Dominant-negative suppression of HCN1-and HCN2-encoded pacemaker currents by an engineered HCN1 construct; Insights into structure-function relationships and multimerization. Circ Res 90:1267-1273, 2002
  pubmed

• 26) Cowan DB, et al:A paradigm shift in cardiac pacing therapy? Circulation 114:986-988, 2006
  pubmed

• 27) Kashiwakura Y, et al:Gene transfer of a synthetic pacemaker channel into the heart; A novel strategy for biological pacing. Circulation 114:1682-1686, 2006

• 28) Rubart M, et al:Physiological coupling of donor and host cardiomyocytes after cellular transplantation. Circ Res 92:1217-1224, 2003
  pubmed

• 29) Lin G, et al:Biological pacemaker created by fetal cardiomyocyte transplantation. J Biomed Sci 12:513-519, 2005
  pubmed

• 30) Cai J, et al:Transplanted neonatal cardiomyocytes as a potential biological pacemaker in pigs with complete atrioventricular block. Transplantation 81:1022-1026, 2006
  pubmed

• 31) Kehat I, et al:Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functionalproperties of cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 108:407-414, 2001
  pubmed

• 32) He JQ, et al:Human embryonic stem cells develop into multiple types of cardiac myocytes; Action potential characterization. Circ Res 93:32-39, 2003
  pubmed

• 33) Satin J, et al:Mechanism of spontaneous excitability in human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 559:479-496, 2004
  pubmed

• 34) Kehat I, et al:Electromechanical integration of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 22:1282-1289, 2004
  pubmed

• 35) Xue T, et al:Functional integration of electrically active cardiac derivatives from genetically engineered human embryonic stem cells with quiescent recipient ventricular cardiomyocytes; Insights into the developmentof cell-based pacemakers. Circulation 111:11-20, 2005

• 36) Potapova I, et al:Human mesenchymal stem cells as a gene delivery system to create cardiac pacemakers. Circ Res 94:952-959, 2004
  pubmed

• 37) Valiunas V, et al:Human mesenchymal stem cells make cardiac connexins and form functional gap junctions. JPhysiol 555:617-626, 2004

• 38) Heubach JF, et al:Electrophysiological properties of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Physiol 554:659-672, 2004
  pubmed

• 39) Cho HC, et al:Creation of a biological pacemaker by cell fusion. Circ Res 100:1112-1115, 2007
  pubmed

• 40) Choi YH, et al:Cardiac conduction through engineered tissue. Am J Pathol 169:72-85, 2006
  pubmed

[4] Gap junctionと不整脈

P.66 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Imanaga I:Cell-to-cell diffusion of large molecules in cardiac cells. in Cell Interactions and Gap Juctions, ed by Sperelakis N, et al Boca Raton, Crc Pr I Lic, 49-63, 1989

• 2) 今永一成:ギャップ結合と細胞間興奮伝導. 最新心電学-Modem Electrocardiology, 春見建一, 他 編, 東京, 丸善, 156-167, 1993

• 3) 今永一成:心筋ギャップ結合チャネルの異常と伝導障害. 心電図 18:363-376, 1998
  Medical*Online

• 4) 今永一成, 他:心筋ギャップ結合の調節と興奮伝播における役割. 心臓 32:233-241, 2000
  Medical*Online

• 5) Imanaga I, et al:Phosphorylation of connexin43 and regulation of cardiac gap junction. in Heart Cell Coupling and Impulse Propagation in Health and Disease, ed by De Mello WC, et al. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Pub, 185-205, 2002

• 6) 今永一成, 他:心筋gap junction機能調節. 医のあゆみ 204:829-836, 2003
  Medical*Online

• 7) Imanaga I, et al:Phosphorylation of connexin in fuctional regulation of the cardiac gap junction. Exp Clin Cardiol 9:161-164, 2004

• 8) Poelzing S, et al:Altered connexin43 expression produces arrhythmia substrate in heart failure. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol 287:H1762-H1770, 2004

• 9) van Rijen HV, et al:Comexins and cardiac arrhythmias. Adv Cardiol 42:150-160, 2006
  pubmed

• 10) Dhein S:Role of connexins in atrial fibrillation. Adv Cardiol 42:161-174, 2006
  pubmed

• 11) Peters NS, et al:Cardiac arrhythmogenesis and the gap junction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 27:37-44, 1995
  pubmed

• 12) Saffitz JE, et al:Mechanisms of remodeling of gap junction distributions and the development of anatomic substrates of arrhythmias. Cardiovasc Res 42:309-317, 1999
  pubmed

• 13) Jongsma H, et al:Gap junctions in cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 86:1193-1197, 2000
  pubmed

• 14) van Veen AA, et al:Cardiac gap junction channels; Modulation of expression and channel properties. Cardiovasc Res 51:217-229, 2001
  pubmed

• 15) Veenstra RD, et al:Gap junction heterogeneity in reentrant ventricular tachycardia. Cardiovasc Res 72:196-197, 2006
  pubmed

• 16) Makowski L, et al:Gap junction structures. II. Analysis of the x-ray diffraction data. J Cell Biol 74:629-645, 1977

• 17) Unger VM, et al:Three-dimensional structure of recombinant gap junction membrane channel. Science 283:1176-1180, 1999
  pubmed

• 18) Saffitz JE, et al:Connexin expression and turnover; Implication for cardiac excitability. Circ Res 86:723-728, 2000
  pubmed

• 19) Laird DW:Comexin phosphorylation as a regulatory event linked to gap juction intemalization and degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta 17110:172-182, 2005

• 20) Laird DW:Life cycle of connexins in health and disease. Biochem J 394:527-543, 2006
  pubmed

• 21) Berthoud VM, et al:Pathways fbr degradation of connexins and gap junctions. Cardiovasc Res 62:256-267, 2004

• 22) Matsumura K, et al:Effects of cyclic AMP on the cardiac gap junction function during hypoxia. Exp Clin Cardiol 11:286-293, 2006
  pubmed

• 23) Peters NS, et al:Gap junction remodeling in infarction; Does is play a role in arrhythmogenesis? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:488-490, 2000
  pubmed

• 24) Emdad L, et al:Gap junction remodeling in hypertrophied left ventricles of aortic-banded rats; Prevention by angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. J Mol Cell Cardiol 33:219-231, 2001
  pubmed

• 25) Falk ML:Biosynthesis and structural composition of gap junction intercellular membrane channels. Eur J Cell Biol 79:564-574, 2000

• 26) Hertzberg EL, et al:Use of antibodies in the analysis of connexin 43 turnover and phosphorylation. Methods 20:129-139, 2000
  pubmed

• 27) van Slyke JK, et al:Analysis of connexin intracellular transport and assembly. Methods 20:156-164, 2000
  pubmed

• 28) Lin H, et al:Alterations of connexin 43 in the diabetic rat heart. Adv Cardiol 42:243-254, 2006
  pubmed

• 29) Lin H, et al:Remodeling of connexin 43 in the diabetic rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 290:69-78, 2006
  pubmed

• 30) Kwak BK, et al:Regulation of cardiac gap junction channel permeability and conductance by several phosphorylating conditions. Mol Cell Biochem 157:93-99, 1996

• 31) Schmidt T, et al:Effect of aconitine on the sodium permeability of the node of Ranvier. Pflugers Arch 349:133-148, 1974

• 32) Nilius L, et al:Properties of aconitine-modified sodium channels in single cells of mouse ventricular myocardium. Gen Physiol Biophys 5:473-484, 1986
  pubmed

• 33) Sawanobori T, et al:A conitine-induced delayed after depolarization in frog atrium and guinea pig papillary muscles in the presence of low concentrations of Ca2+. Jpn J Physiol 37:59-79, 1987

• 34) Goto M, et al:Studies on the appearance and termination of aconitine-induced atrial fibrillation with microelectrodes. Jpn J Physiol 13:196-207, 1963
  pubmed

• 35) Imanaga I:Effects of some ions and drugs on the aconitine-induced fibrillation of the Purkinje fibers. Jpn Circ J31:1819-1831, 1967

• 36) Goto M, et al:Role of cell membrane in producing cardiac arrhythmia; With special reference to the ectopic pacemaker potential and block of excitation conduction produced by aconitine. Jpn Circ J 31:1555-1560, 1967

• 37) Sawanobori T, et al:Effects of antiarrhythmic agents and Mg2+ on aconitine-induced arrhythmias. Jpn Heart J 37:709-718, 1996
  pubmed

• 38) 今永一成, 他:心筋gap junction connexin 43のremodelingとarrhythmogenesis. 心電図 27:204-215, 2007
  Medical*Online

• 39) Mayama T, et al:Remodeling of cardiac gap junction connexin 43 and arrhythmogenesis. Exp Clin Cardiol 12:67-76, 2007
  pubmed

• 40) Lerner DL, et al:Accelerated onset and increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias induced by ischemia in Cx43-deficient mice. Circulation 101:547-552, 2000
  pubmed

• 41) Inoue N, et al:Rapid electrical stimulation of contraction modulates gap junction protein in neonatal rat cultured cardiomyocytes; Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases and effects of angiotensin II-receptor antagonist. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:914-922, 2004
  pubmed

• 42) Sodoshima J, et al:Autocrine release of angiotensin II mediates stretch-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro. Cell 75:977-984, 1993

• 43) Zhuang J, et al:Pulsatile stretch remodels cell-to-cell communication in cultured myocytes. Circ Res 87:316-322, 2000
  pubmed

• 44) Shyu KG, et al:Angiotensin II receptor antagonist blocks the expression of connexin 43 induced by cyclic mechanical stretch in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 33:691-698, 2001

• 45) Dodge SM, et al:Effects of Angiotensin II on expression of the gap junction channel protein connexin 43 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:800-807, 1998
  pubmed

• 46) Darrow BJ, et al:Functional and structural assessment of intercellular communication; Increased conduction velocity and enhanced conexin expression in dibutyryl cAMP-treated cultured cardiac myocytes, Circ Res 79:174-183, 1996

• 47) Uzzaman M, et al:Remodeling of gap junctional coupling in hypertrophied right ventricules of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circ Res 86:871-878, 2000

• 48) De Mello WC:Is an intracellular renin-angiotensin system involved in control of cell communication in heart? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 23:640-646, 1994

• 49) De Mello WC:Renin-angiotensin system and cell communication in the failing heart. Hypertension 27:1267-1272, 1996
  pubmed

• 50) Peters NS, et al:Reduced content of connexin43 gap junctions in ventricular myocardium from hypertrophied and ischemic human hearts. Circulation 88:864-875, 1993
  pubmed

• 51) Saffitz JE, et al:The molecular basis of anisotropy; Role of gap junction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 6:498-510, 1955

• 52) Sepp R, et al:Altered patterns of cardiac intercellular junction distribution in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart 76:412-417, 1996
  pubmed

• 53) Peters NS, et al:Disturbed comexin43 gap junction distribution correlates with the location of reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone of healing canine infarcts that cause ventricular tachycardia. Circulation 95:988-996, 1997
  pubmed

• 54) Dhein S, et al:Protein kinase Cαmediates the effect of antiarrhythmic peptide on gap junction conductance. Cell Commun Adhes 8:257-264, 2001

• 55) Betsuyaku T, et al:Overexpression of cardiac connexin45 increases susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290:H163-H 171, 2006

• 56) Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology:The Sicilian Gambit. A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Circulation 84:1831-1851, 1991

[5] ユビキチンをめぐる最近の話題 -Kv1.5チャネルをターゲットとしたチャネル再生と心房細動治療について

P.76 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Brundel BJ, et al:Activation of proteolysis by calpains and structural changes in human paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 54:380-389, 2002
  pubmed

• 2) Hurtley SM, et al:Interactions of misfolded influenza virus hemagglutinin with binding protein (BiP). J Cell Biol 108:2117-2126, 1989
  pubmed

• 3) Hammond C, et al:Quality control in the secretory pathway. Curr Opin Cell Biol 7:523-529, 1995
  pubmed

• 4) Ciechanover A:The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. Cell 79:13-21, 1994
  pubmed

• 5) Jentsch S, et al:Selective protein degradation; A jouney's end within the proteasome. Cell 82:881-884, 1995

• 6) Saffitz JE, et al:Connexin expression and turnover; Implications for cardiac excitability. Circ Res 86:723-728, 2000
  pubmed

• 7) Scheufler C, et al:Structure of TPR domain-peptide complexes; Critical elements in the assembly of the Hsp70-Hsp90 multichaperone machine. Cell 101:199-210, 2000
  pubmed

• 8) Ballinger CA, et al:Identification of CHIP, a novel tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein that interacts with heat shock proteins and negatively regulates chaperone functions. Mol Cell Biol 19:4535-4545, 1999

• 9) Meacham GC, et al:The Hsc70 co-chaperone CHIP targets immature CFTR for proteasomal degradation. Nat Cell Biol 3:100-105, 2001
  pubmed

• 10) Younger JM, et al:Afoldable CFTR△F508 biogenic intermediate accumulates upon inhibition of the Hsc70-CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase. J Cell Biol 167:1075-1085, 2004

• 11) Farinha CM, et al:Most F508del-CFTR is targeted to degradation at an early folding checkpoint and independently of calnexin. Mol Cell Biol 25:5242-5252, 2005
  pubmed

• 12) Ficker E, et al:Role of the cytosolic chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 in maturation of the cardiac potassium channel HERG. Circ Res 92:87-100, 2003

• 13) Gong Q, et al:Degradation of trafficking-defective long QT syndrome type H mutant channels by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. J Biol Chem 280:19419-19425, 2005

• 14) Meacham GC, et al:The Hdj-2/Hsc70 chaperone pair facilitates early steps in CFTR biogenesis. EMBO J 18:1492-1505, 1999
  pubmed

• 15) Farinha CM, et al:The human DnaJ homologue (Hdj)-1/heat-shock protein (Hsp) 40 co-chaperone is required for the in vivo stabilization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by Hsp70. Biochem J 366:797-806, 2002
  pubmed

• 16) McLellan CA, et al:HspBPI, an Hsp70 cochaperone, has two structural domains and is capable of altering the confomation of the Hsp70 ATPase domain. J Biol Chem 278:19017-19022, 2003

• 17) Alberti S, et al:The Cochaperone HspBPI inhibits the CHIP ubiquitin ligase and stimulates the maturation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Mol Biol Cell 15:4003-4010, 2004
  pubmed

• 18) de Haan S, et al:AVE0118, blocker of the transient outward current (1to) and ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (1Kur), fully restores atrial contractility after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in the goat. Circulation 114:1234-1242, 2006

• 19) Groll M, et al:Structure of 20S proteasome from yeast at 2. 4A resolution. Nature 386:463-471, 1997
  pubmed

• 20) Almond JB, et al:The proteasome; A novel target fbr cancer chemotherapy. Leukemia 16:433-443, 2002

• 21) Fenteany G, et al:Lactacystin, Proteasome Function, and Cell Fate J Biol Chem 273:8545-8548, 1998
  pubmed

• 22) Ficker E, et al:The binding site for channel blockers that rescue misprocessed human long QT syndrome type 2 ether-a-gogo-related gene (HERG) mutations. J Biol Chem 277:4989-4998, 2002

• 23) Valdivia CR, et al:A novel SCN5A arrhythmia mutation, M 1766 L, with expression defect rescued by mexiletine. Cardiovasc Res 55:279-289, 2002

• 24) Lowe J, et al:Crystal structure of the 20S proteasome from the archaeon T. acidophilum at 3. 4 A resolution. Science 268:533-539, 1995
  pubmed

• 25) Tanaka H, et al:Proteasomal degradation of Kir6. 2 channel protein and its inhibition by a Na+ channel blocker aprindine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 331:1001-1006, 2005
  pubmed

• 26) Kato M, et al:Evidence for proteasomal degradation of Kv1.5 channel protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 337:343-348, 2005
  pubmed

[6] Brugada症候群の心室細動発生機序

P.87 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Brugada P, et al:Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death; A distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. A multicenter report. J Am Coll Cardiol 20:1391-1396, 1992
  pubmed

• 2) Antzelevitch C, et al:Brugada syndrome; Report of the second consensus conference; Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Circulation 111:659-670, 2005
  pubmed

• 3) Nademanee K, et al:Arrhythmogenic marker for the sudden unexplained death syndrome in Thai men. Circulation 96:2595-2600, 1997
  pubmed

• 4) Shimizu W, et al:Mechanisms of disease; Current understanding and future challenges in Brugada syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2:408-414, 2005
  pubmed

• 5) Matsuo K, et al:The circadian pattern of the development of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Eur Heart J 20:465-470, 1999
  pubmed

• 6) Brugada J, et al:Long-term follow-up of individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of right bundlebranch block and ST-segment elevation in precordial leads V1 to V3. Circulation 105:73-78, 2002
  pubmed

• 7) Priori SG, et al:Natural history of Brugada syndrome; Insights for risk stratification and management. Circulation 105:1342-1347, 2002
  pubmed

• 8) Kanda M, et al:Electrophysiologic characteristics and implications of induced ventricular fibrillation in symptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1799-1805, 2002
  pubmed

• 9) Shimizu W, et al:Paradoxic abbreviation of repolarization in epicardium of the right ventricular outflow tract during augmentation of Brugada-type ST segment elevation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12:1418-1421, 2001
  pubmed

• 10) Ikeda T, et al:Assessment of noninvasive markers in identifying patients at risk in the Brugada syndrome; Insight into risk stratification. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:1628-1634, 2001
  pubmed

• 11) Nagase S, et al:Epicardial electrogram of the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with the Brugada syndrome; Using the epicardial lead. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1992-1995, 2002

• 12) Hisamatsu K, et al:Relationships between depolarization abnormality and repolarization abnormality in patients with Bmgada syndrome; Using body surface signal-averaged electrocardiography and body surface maps. Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 15:870-876, 2004
  pubmed

• 13) Tukkie R, et al:Delay in right ventricular activation contributes to Brugada syndrome. Circulation 109:1272-1277, 2004
  pubmed

• 14) Gray RA, et al:Spatial and temporal organization during cardiac fibrillation. Nature 392:75-78, 1998
  pubmed

• 15) Aiba T, et al:Cellular basis for trigger and maintenance of ventricular fibrillation in the Brugada syndrome model; High-resolution optical mapping study. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:2074-2085, 2006
  pubmed

• 16) Chen Q, et al:Genetic basis and molecular mechanism for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Nature 392:293-296, 1998
  pubmed

• 17) 鎌倉史郎:Brugada症候群の予後-わが国の登録調査より. Medical Topics Series不整脈2005, 大阪, メディカルビュー社, 166-176, 2005

• 18) Poelzing S, et al:SCN5A polymorphism restores trafficking of a Brugada syndrome mutation on a separate gene. Circulation 114:368-376, 2006
  pubmed

• 19) Bezzina CR, et al:Common sodium channel promoter haplotype in asian subjects underlies variability in cardiac conduction. Circulation 113:338-344, 2006
  pubmed

• 20) Antzelevitch C, et al:Loss-of-function mutations in the cardiac calcium channel underlie a new clinical entity characterized by ST-segment elevation, short QT intervals, and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 115:442-449, 2007
  pubmed

• 21) Watanabe A, et al:Low-dose isoproterenol for repetitive ventricular arrhythmia in patients with Brugada syndrome. Eur Heart J 27:1579-1583, 2006
  pubmed

• 22) Shimizu W, et al:Specific therapy based on the genotype and cellular mechanism in inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. Curr Pharrn Des 11:1561-1572, 2005
  pubmed

• 23) Yan GX, et al:Cellular basis for the Bnugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST-segment elevation. Circulation 100:1660-1666, 1999
  pubmed

• 24) Di Diego JM, et al:Ito and action potential notch are smaller in left vs. right canine ventricular epicardium. Am J Physiol 271:H548-H561, 1996

• 25) Di Diego JM, et al:Ionic and cellular basis for the predominance of the Brugada syndrome phenotype in males. Circulation 106:2004-2011, 2002
  pubmed

• 26) Wu TJ, et al:Two types of ventricular fibrillation in isolated rabbit hearts; Importance of excitability and action potential duration restitution. Circulation 106:1859-1866, 2002
  pubmed

[7] 睡眠時無呼吸症候群と不整脈

P.97 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Sullivan CE, et al:Reversal of obstructive sleep apnoea by continuous positive airway pressure applied through the nares. Lancet 1:862-865, 1981
  pubmed

• 2) Kaneko Y, et al:Cardiovascular effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med 348:1233-1241, 2003
  pubmed

• 3) Mansfield DR, et al:Controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:361-366, 2004
  pubmed

• 4) Javaheri S:Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure; A double blind, prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:234-237, 2006
  pubmed

• 6) Sasayama S, et al:Effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy on outcome measures in patients with chronic heart failure and cheyne-stokes respiration. Circ J 70:1-7, 2006
  pubmed

• 7) Naughton MT, et al:Treatment of congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep by continuous positive airway pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151:92-97, 1995
  pubmed

• 8) Bradley TD, et al:Continuous positive airway pressure for central sleep apnea and heart failure. N Engl J Med 353:2025-2033, 2005
  pubmed

• 9) Kasai T, et al:The efficacy of nasal bi-level positive airway pressure in congestive heart failure patients wit cheyne-stokes respiration and central sleep apnea. Circ J 69:913-921, 2005

• 10) Philippe C, et al:Compliance with and effectiveness of adaptive servoventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure over a six months period. Heart 92:337-342, 2006

• 11) Kasai T, et al:First experience of using new adaptive servo-ventilation device for Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea among Japanese patients with congestive heart failure; Report of 4 clinical cases. Circ J 70:1148-1154, 2006
  pubmed

• 12) Hoffstein V, et al:Cardiac arrhythmias, snoring, and sleep apnea. Chest 106:466-471, 1994
  pubmed

• 13) Narkiewicz K, et al:Selective potentiation of peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 99:1183-1189, 1999
  pubmed

• 14) Dimsdale JE, et al:Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure; A placebo trial. Hypertension 35:144-147, 2000
  pubmed

• 15) Narkiewicz K, et al:Sympathetic activity in obese subjects with and without obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 98:772-776, 1998
  pubmed

• 16) Zipes D:Autonomic modulation of cardiac arrhythmias. in Cardiac electrophysiology; From cell to bedside (2nd ed), ed by Jalife J, et al. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 441-454, 1995

• 17) Wit AL, et al:After depolarizations and triggered activity. in The heart and cardiovascular system, ed byFossard HA, et al New York, Raven Press, 1449-1490, 1986

• 18) Han J, et al:Temporal dispersion of recovery of excitability in atrium and ventricle as a function of heart rate. Am Heart J 71:481-487, 1966
  pubmed

• 19) Conti JB:Cardiac arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:30B-32B, 2005
  pubmed

• 20) Franz MR:Mechano-electrical feedback in ventricular myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 32:15-24, 1996
  pubmed

• 21) Zwillich C, et al:Bradycardia during sleep apnea; Characteristics and mechanism. J Clin Invest 69:1286-1292, 1982
  pubmed

• 22) Grimm W, et al:Outcome of patients with sleep apnea-associated severe bradyarrhythmias after continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Am J Cardiol 86:688-692, 2000
  pubmed

• 23) Grimm W, et al:Electrophysiologic evaluation of sinus node function and atrioventricular conduction in patients with prolonged ventricular asystole during obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Cardiol 77:1310-1314, 1996
  pubmed

• 24) Guilleminault C, et al:Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol 52:490-494, 1983
  pubmed

• 25) Miller WP:Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the sleep apnea syndrome. Prevalence and significance. Am J Med 73:317-321, 1982
  pubmed

• 26) Koehler U, et al:Heart block in patients with obsmlctive sleep apnoea; Pathogenetic factors and effects oftreatment. Eur Respir J 11:434-439, 1998

• 27) Osuna E, et al:REM sleep-related complete heart block; Is it a specific sleep-related disorder? Sleep Med 7:387-388, 2006
  pubmed

• 28) Flemons WW, et al:Sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias. Is there a relationship? Am Rev Respir Dis 148:618-621, 1993

• 29) Mehra R, et al:Association of noctumal arrhythmia with sleep-disordered breathing. The Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:910-916, 2006

• 30) Gregoratos G, et al:ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices; Summary article; Areport of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 PacemakerGuidelines). Circulation 106:2145-2161, 2002

• 31) Porthan KM, et al:Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome in lone atrial fibrillation. A case-control study. Chest 125:879-885, 2004
  pubmed

• 32) Gami AS, et al:Association of atrial fibrillation and obstnlctive sleep apnea. Circulation 110:364-367, 2004
  pubmed

• 33) Javaheri S, et al:Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations. Circulation 97:2154-2159, 1998
  pubmed

• 34) Sin DD, et al:Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:1101-1106, 1999
  pubmed

• 35) Harbison J, et al:Cardiac rhythm disturbances in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Chest 118:591-595, 2000
  pubmed

• 36) Kanagala R, et al:Obstructive sleep apnea and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 107:2589-2594, 2003
  pubmed

• 37) Ryan CM, et al:Effect of cotinuous positive airway pressure on ventricular ectopy in heart failure patientswith obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax 60:781-785, 2005

[8] 心房細動治療におけるRate vs Rhythm control -大規模臨床試験J-RHYTHM studyと前向きコホートShinken Database 2004

P.108 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Tsang TS, et al:The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in incident stroke cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Mimesota; Changes over three decades. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:93-100, 2003
  pubmed

• 2) Cardiogenic brain embolism. Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Arch Neurol 43:71-84, 1986
  pubmed

• 3) Cardiogenic brain embolism. The second report of the Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Arch Neurol 46:727-743, 1989
  pubmed

• 4) Wyse DG, et al; Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators:A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 347:1825-1833, 2002

• 5) Van Gelder IC, et al; Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Study Group:A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. NEngl J Med 347:1834-1840, 2004

• 6) Carlsson J, et al; STAF Investigators:Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation; The Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:1690-1696, 2003
  pubmed

• 7) de Denus S, et al:Rate vs rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation; A meta-analysis. Arch Intem Med 165:258-262, 2005

• 8) Corley SD, et al; AFFIRM Investigators:Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation 109:1509-1513, 2004
  pubmed

• 9) Rienstra M, et al:Mending the rhythm does not improve prognosis in patients vvith persistent atrial fibrillation; A subanalysis of the RACE study. Eur Heart J 27:357-364, 2006
  pubmed

• 10) 飯沼宏之, 他:日本における不整脈薬物療法の現況-JALT-1調査報告その1. 医事新報 3654:47-52, 1994

• 11) Katoh T, et al:Multicenter prospective nonrandomized study of long-term antiarrhythmic dr lg therapy in patients with tachyarrhythmias; Japanese Antiarrhytkmics Long-Term Study-2 (JALT-2 Study) . Jpn Circ J 65:275-278, 2001

• 12) Benjamin EJ, et al:Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death; The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 98:946-952, 1998
  pubmed

• 13) O'Hara GE, et al; AFFIRM Investigators:Comparison of management pattems and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation in Canada and the United States (from the analysis of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management[AFFIRM]database) . Am J Cardiol 96:815-821, 2005

• 14) Levy S, et al:Characterization of different subsets of atrial fibrillation in general practice in France; The ALFA study. The College of French Cardiologists. Circulation 99:3028-3035, 1999

• 15) Gage BF, et al:Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke; Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 285:2864-2870, 2001

• 16) Go AS, et al:Warfarin use among ambulatory patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; The anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. Ann Intem Med 131:927-934, 1999

• 17) Yamashita T, et al; J-RHYTHM Investigators:Investigation of the optimal treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation in Japan. Circ J 67:738-741, 2003

[9] 心房細動の治療 -Pill-in-the-pocket

P.116 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 新博次, 他:Flecainide単回経口投与による発作性上室性頻拍誘発抑制効果. 心電図 7:619-626, 1987

• 2) Atarashi H, et al:Clinical effects and phamlocokinetics of a single oral dose of pimlenol hydrochloride. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 27:556-562, 1996
  pubmed

• 3) Ino T, et al:Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of single oral dose of pilsicainide hydrochloride, a new class I c antiarrhythmic agent. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 31:157-164, 1998

• 4) Atarashi H, et al; The PSTAF Investigators:Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation by a single oral dose of pilsicainide (Pilsicainide Suppression Trial on Atrial Fibrillation) . Am J Cardiol 78:694-697, 1996
  pubmed

• 6) Capucci A, et al:Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation by a single oral loading dose of propafenone or flecainide. Am J Cardiol 74:503-505, 1994

• 7) Alboni P, et al:Outpatient treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with the pill-in-the-pocket"approach. N Engl J Med 351:2384-2391, 2004
  pubmed

• 8) Alboni P, et al:Efficacy and safety of out-of-hospital self-administered single-dose oral drug treatment in the management of infrequent, well-tolerated paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:548-553, 2001
  pubmed

• 9) 戸叶隆司, 他:発作性心房細動に対する経口Cibenzoline単回投与による発作時薬理学的除細動に関する検討. J Arrhythmia 22 (suppl.):228, 2006
  Medical*Online

• 10) 島田恵, 他:コハク酸シベンゾリン単回経口投与による発作性心房細動停止効果. 心電図 26:710-719, 2006
  Medical*Online

[10] 心房細動治療のACC/AHA/ESC 2006年ガイドライン -わが国の診療にどう応用するか?

P.126 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Wyse DG, et al; Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators:A Comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 347:1825-1833, 2002

• 2) Corley SD, et al; AFFIRM Investigators:Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Circulation 109:1509-1513, 2004
  pubmed

• 3) Wazni OM, et al:Radiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of symptomatic atlial fibrillation; Arandomized trial. JAMA 293:2634-2640, 2005

• 4) Pappone C, et al:Arandomized trial of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; The APAF studyJ Am Coll Cardiol 48:2340-2347, 2006

• 5) ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation-executive summary:A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines; Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society, Circulation 114:700-752, 2006

• 6) Gage BF, et al:Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke; Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 285:2864-2870, 2001

• 7) Cappato R, et al:Worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circulation 111:1100-1105, 2005
  pubmed

• 8) Maeda K, et al:Physicians:attitudes toward anticoagulant therapy in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Intem Med 43:553-560, 2004

• 9) Inoue H, et al:Attitudes of Japanese cardiologists toward anticoagulation for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and reasons for its underuse. Circ J 68:417-421, 2004
  pubmed

• 10) Inoue H, et al:Accumulation of risk factors increases risk of thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Circ J 70:651-656, 2006
  pubmed

• 11) Ueda K, et al:Intracerebral hemorrhage in a Japanese community, Hisayama; Iincidence, changing pattem during long-term follow-up, and related factors. Stroke 19:48-52, 1998

• 12) Sato H, et al:Low-dose aspirin for prevention of stroke in low-risk patients with atrial fibrillation; Japan Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Trial. Stroke 37:447-451, 2006
  pubmed

• 13) Yasaka M, et al:Optimal intensity of international normalized ratio in warfarin therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Intem Med 40:1183-1188, 2001

• 14) Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology:The Sicilian Gambit; A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their action on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Circulation 84:1831-1851, 1991

• 15) Echt DS, et al:Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 324:781-788, 1991

• 16) Li D, et al:Contrasting efficacy of dofetilide in differing experimental models of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 102:104-112, 2000
  pubmed

• 17) Singh BN, et al; Sotalol Amiodarone Atrial Fibrillation Efficacy Trial (SAFE-T) Investigators:Amiodarone versus sotalol fbr atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 352:1861-1872, 2005

• 18) Roy D, et al:Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 342:913-920, 2000
  pubmed

• 19) AFFIRM First Antiarrhythmic Drug Substudy Investigators:Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation; An AFFIRM substudy of the first antiarrhythmic drug. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:20-29, 2003
  pubmed

• 20) Atarashi H, et al:Dose-response effect of flecainide in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and/or flutter monitored with trans-telephonic electrocardiography; A multicenter, placebo-controlled, doubleblind trial. Circ J 71:294-300, 2007

• 21) Atarashi H, et al:Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation by a single oral dose of pilsicainide (Pilsicainide Suppresion Trial on Atrial Fibrillation). Am J Cardiol 78:694-697, 1996

• 22) 島田 恵, 他:コハク酸シベンゾリン単回経口投与による発作性心房細動停止効果. 心電図 26:710-719, 2006
  Medical*Online

• 23) 小川 聡:Sicilian Gambit抗不整脈薬ガイドラインおよび心房細動治療指針に関するアンケート調査結果. Ther Res 20:2971-2988, 1999

• 24) Okishige K, et al:Pharmacological conversion of persistent atrial fibrillation into sinus rhythm with oral pilsicainide; Pilsicainide suppression trial for persistent atrialfibrillation H. Circ J 70:657-661, 2006

• 25) Okishige K, et al:Pilsicainide for conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm in chronic atrial fibrillation; A placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Am Heart J 140:e13, 2000
  pubmed

• 26) 小松 隆, 他:発作性心房細動例における発症時間帯とピルジカイニドの長期再発予防効果との関連. JCardiol 38:211-217, 2001

• 27) Kumagai K, et al:Effects of the Na channel blocker pilsicainide on the electrophysiologic properties of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 15:1396-1401, 2004
  pubmed

• 28) Sato T, et al:Effects of cibenzoline, a new class I a anti-arrhythmic dnlgs, on barious membrane ionic currents and action potentials of guinea-pig ventricular cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 350:167-173, 1994

• 29) Wang DW, et al:Comparison of the effects of class I antiarrhythmic drugs, cibenzoline, mexiletine and flecainide, on the delayed rectifier K+ current of guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 28:893-903, 1996

• 30) 渡辺英一, 他:1群抗不整脈薬による発作性心房細動の予防; 概日リズムを考慮した薬剤の使い分け. 心電図 23:45-52, 2003

• 31) Komatsu T, et al:Randomized crossover study of the long-term effects of pilsicainide and cibenzoline in preventing recurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; Influence of the duration of arrhythmia befbre therapy. Circ J 70:667-672, 2006

• 32) 小松 隆, 他:発症時間帯からみた発作性心房細動に対するdisopyramide停止効果・長期予防効果. 心臓 33:29-35, 2001

• 33) 堀内大輔, 他:発作性/持続性心房細動例におけるdisopyramideの停止ならびに長期予防効果; 層別解析による比較検討. 心臓 37 (suppl. 4):52-61, 2005

• 34) Hohnloser SH, et al:Efficacy and proarrhythmic hazards of pharmacologic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation; Prospective comparison of sotalol versus quinidine. J Am Coll Cardiol 26:852-858, 1995
  pubmed

• 35) Borgeat A, et al:Flecainide versus quinidine for conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol 58:496-498, 1986
  pubmed

• 36) Naccarelli GV, et al; The Flecainide Multicenter Atrial Fibrillation Study Group:Prospective comparison of flecainide versus quinidine for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter. Am J Cardiol 77:53A-59A, 1996

• 37) 新 博次, 他:高用量Aprindine静注による発作性心房細動停止効果. Ther Res 17:399-403, 1996
  Medical*Online

• 38) Atarashi H, et al:Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aprindine and digoxin for the prevention of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Circ J 66:553-556, 2002
  pubmed

• 39) Fujiki A, et al:Usefulness and safety of bepridil in converting persistent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhytIm. Am J Cardiol 92:472-475, 2003
  pubmed

• 40) Nakazato Y, et al:Conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by bepridil in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Circ J 69:44-48, 2005
  pubmed

• 41) Shinagawa K, et al:Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on fibrillation in the remodeled atrium; Insights into the mechanism of the superior efficacy of amiodarone. Circulation 107:1440-1446, 2003
  pubmed

• 42) Deedwania P, et al; The Department of Veterans Affairs CHF-STAT Investigators:Spontaneous conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by amiodarone in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation; Observations from the veterans affairs congestive heart failure survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy (CHF-STAT) . Circulation 98:2574-2579, 1998
  pubmed

• 43) Hsu LF, et al:Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 351:2373-2383, 2004
  pubmed

• 44) Kuhlkamp V, et al:Use of metoprolol CR/XL to maintain sinus rhythm after conversion from persistent atrial fibrillation; A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:139-146, 2000
  pubmed

• 45) Pedersen OD, et al:Trandolapril reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 100:376-380, 1999
  pubmed

• 46) Verrnes E, et al:Enalapril decreases the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction; Iinsight from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trials. Circulation 107:2926-2931, 2003

• 47) Maggioni AP, et al:Valsartan reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure; Results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Am Heart J 149:548-557, 2005
  pubmed

• 48) Wachtell K, et al:Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol; The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. JAm Coll Cardiol 45:712-719, 2005

• 49) Hama IR, et al:Lipid-lowering drug use is associated with reduced prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Heart Rhythm 3:881-886, 2006

[11] 心房細動例の左心耳血栓 -実態と治療

P.137 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 不整脈薬物療法研究会:心房細動と血栓塞栓症; 多施設共同調査. JCardiol 31:227-238, 1998

• 2) 不整脈薬物療法研究会:高齢者の心房細動と血栓塞栓症の実態; 多施設共同調査. J Cardiol 33:27-35, 1999

• 3) Manning W∫, et al:Prevalence of residual left atrial thrombi among patients with acute thromboembolism and newly recognized atrial fibrillation. Arch Intem Med 155:2193-2198, 1995

• 4) Schneider B, et al:Diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombi by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography. Circ J 71:122-125, 2007
  pubmed

• 5) Hart RG, et al:Atrial fibrillation and stroke; Concepts and controversies. Stroke 32:803-808, 2001
  pubmed

• 6) Edwards WD:Aneurysms and mural thrombi of the left ventricle. Mayo Clin Proc 56:129-131, 1981
  pubmed

• 7) Beppu S, et al:Clinical features of intracardiac thrombosis based on echocardiographic observation. Circ J 48:75-82, 1984

• 8) Black IW, et al:Exclusion of atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography does not preclude embolism after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. A multicenter study. Circulation 89:2509-2513, 1994
  pubmed

• 9) Klein AL, et al:Use of transesophageal echocardiography to guide cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Eng J Med 344:1411-1420, 2001

• 10) Abe Y, et al:Embolic attack in patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial thrombus depends on the character of the thrombus. Circ J 67:203-208, 2003
  pubmed

• 11) Misumi I, et al:Predicting risk of embolization during anticoagulation for left atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography; A case report. J Cardiol 28:93-97, 1996
  pubmed

• 12) Manning WJ, et al:Transesophageal echocardiographically fascilitated early cardioversion from atrial fibrillation using short-term anticoagulation; Final results of a prospective 4. 5-year study. J Am Coll Cardiol 25:1354-1361, 1995

• 13) Yasaka M, et al:Clinical features of recurrent embolization in acute cardioembolic stroke. Stroke 24:1681-1685, 1993
  pubmed

• 14) Nakai T, et al:Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (PLAATO) for preventing carioembolism; First experience in canine model Circulation 105:2217-2222, 2002
  pubmed

[12] 僧帽弁輪起源心室性不整脈

P.148 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kamakura S, et al:Localization of optimal ablation site of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia from right and left ventricular outflow tract by body surface ECG. Circulation 98:1525-1533, 1998
  pubmed

• 2) Nogami A:Idiopathic le ft ventricular tachycardia; Assessment and treatment. Card Electrophysiol Rev 6:448-457, 2002

• 3) Ito S, et al:Development and validation of an ECG algorithm for identifying the optimal ablation site for idiopathic ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 14:1280-1286, 2003
  pubmed

• 4) Callans DJ, et al:Repetitive monomorphic tachycardia from the left ventricular outflow tract; Electrocar-diographic patterns consistent with a left ventricular site of origin. J Am Coll Cardiol 29:1023-1027, 1997

• 5) Shimoike E, et al:Radiofrequency catheter ablation of upper septal idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia exhibiting left bundle branch block morphology. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11:203-207, 2000
  pubmed

• 6) Tada H, et al:Left ventricular epicardial outflow tract tachycardia; A new distinct subgroup of outflow tract tachycardia. Jpn Circ J 65:723-730, 2001
  pubmed

• 7) Ouyang F, et al:Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the aortic sinus cusp; Electrocardiographic characterization fbr guiding catheter ablation J Am Coll Cardiol 39:500-508, 2002

• 8) Kanagaratnam L, et al:Ventricular tachycardias arising from the aortic sinus of valsalva; An under-recognized variant of left outfiow tract ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:1408-1414, 2001
  pubmed

• 9) Hachiya H, et al:How to diagnose, locate, and ablate coronary cusp ventricular tachycardiaJ Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13:551-556, 2002
  pubmed

• 10) Tada H, et al:Significance of two potentials for successful catheter ablation from the left sinus of Valsalva for left ventricular epicardial tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27:1053-1059, 2004
  pubmed

• 11) Nagasawa H, et al:SuccessfUl radiofrequency catheter ablation of incessant ventricular tachycardia with a delta wave-like beginning of the QRS complex. Jpn Heart J 40:671-675, 1999
  pubmed

• 12) Kondo K, et al:Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia from the anterobasal left ventricle. Jpn Heart J 41:215-225, 2000
  pubmed

• 13) Yeh S, et al:Adenosine-sensitive ventricular tachycardia from the anterobasal left ventricle. J Am Coll Cardiol 30:1339-1345, 1997
  pubmed

• 14) Tada H, et al:Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia arising from the mitral annulus; Adistinct subgroup of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:877-866, 2005

• 15) Kumagai K, et al:Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia originating from the mitral annulus. J CardiovascElectrophysiol 16:1029-1036, 2005
  pubmed

• 16) Kistler PM, et al:Focal aUial tachycardia arising from the mitral annulus; Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characterization. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:2212-2219, 2003
  pubmed

• 17) Nogami A, et al:Novel form of atrial tachycardia originating at the atrioventricular annulus. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 21:2691-2694, 1998
  pubmed

• 18) Kurosawa H, et al:Dead-end tract of the conduction axis. Int J Cardiol 7:13-20, 1985
  pubmed

• 19) Anderson RH, et al:Atrioventricular specialized tissue in the normal heart. Eur J Cardiol 2/20r 2:219-230, 1974

• 20) Arima H, et al:Mitral annular tachycardia with verapamil-sensitivity; A new entity of Verapamil-sensitive ventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm 2 (Suppl.):S253, 2005

• 21) Ito S, et al:Simultaneous mapping in the left sinus of valsalva and coronary venous system predicts successfulcatheter ablation from the left sinus of valsalva. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 28:S150-S 154, 2005

[13] 心室頻拍のアブレーションとCARTOシステム

P.156 掲載の参考文献

• 1) de Bakker JM, et al:Slow conduction in the infarcted human heart.'Zigzag' course of activation. Circulation 88:915-926, 1993
  pubmed

• 2) Gepstein L, et al:A novel method for nonfluoroscopic catheter-based electroanatomical mapping of the heart. In vitro and in vivo accuracy results. Circulation 95:1611-1622, 1997
  pubmed

• 3) Stevenson WG, et al:Identification of reentry circuit sites during catheter mapping and radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia late after myocardial infarction. Circulation 88:1647-1670, 1993
  pubmed

• 4) Soejima K, et al:Electrically unexcitable scar mapPing based on pacing threshold for identification of the reentry circuit isthmus; Feasibility fbr guiding ventricular tachycardia ablation. Circulation 106:1678-1683, 2002

• 5) Tung S, et al:Recognition of far-field electrograms during entrainment mapping of ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:110-115, 2003
  pubmed

• 6) Stevenson wG, et al:Relation of pace mapPing QRS configuration and conduction delay to ventricular tachycardia reentry circuits in human infarct scars. J Am Coll Cardiol 26:481-488, 1995
  pubmed

• 7) Brunckhorst CB, et al:Relationship of slow conduction detected by pace-mapping to ventricular tachycardia re-entry circuit sites after infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:802-809, 2003
  pubmed

• 8) Marchlinski FE, et al:Linear ablation lesions for control of unmappable ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 101:1288-1296, 2000
  pubmed

• 9) de Chillou C, et al:Isthmus characteristics of reentrant ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction, Circulation 105:726-731, 2002
  pubmed

• 10) El-Shalal (any A, et al:Entrainment/mapping criteria for the prediction of termination of ventricular tachycardia by single radiofrequency lesion in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 99:2283-2289, 1999

• 11) Arenal A, et al:Ablation of electrograms with an isolated, delayed component as treatment of unmappable monomoq) hic ventricular tachycardias in patients with structural heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:81-92, 2003

• 12) Arenal A, et al:Tachycardia-related channel in the scar tissue in patients with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias; Influence of the voltage scar definition. Circulation 110:2568-2574, 2004
  pubmed

• 13) Reddy VY, et al:Integration of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping to guide left ventricular catheter manipulation; Feasibility in a porcine model of healed myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:2202-2213, 2004

[14] QT短縮症候群

P.164 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Gussak I, et al:Idiopathic short QT interval; A new clinical syndrome? Cardiology 94:99-102, 2000
  pubmed

• 2) Gaita F, et al:Short QT syndrome; A familial cause of sudden death. Circulation 108:965-970, 2003
  pubmed

• 3) Borggrefe M, et al:short QT syndrome. Genotype-phenotype correlations. J Electrocardiol 38 (suppl. 4):75-80, 2005

• 4) Giustetto c, et al:Short QT syndrome; Clinical findings and diagnostic-therapeutic implications. Eur Heart J 27:2440-2447, 2006
  pubmed

• 5) Brugada R, et al:Sudden death associated with short-QT syndrome linked to mutations in HERG. Circulation 109:30-35, 2004
  pubmed

• 6) Bellocq C, et al:Mutation in the KCNOI gene leading to the short QT-interval syndrome. Circulation 109:2394-2397, 2004

• 7) Priori SG, et al:A novel form of short QT syndrome (SQT3) is caused by a mutation in the KCN12 gene. Circ Res 96:800-807, 2005

• 8) wolpert C, et al:Further insights into the effect of quinidine in short QT syndrome caused by a mutation in HERG. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16:54-58, 2005
  pubmed

• 9) Antzelevitch C, et al:Loss of function mutations in the cardiac calcium channel underlie a new clinical entity characterized by ST segment elevation, short QT intervals and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 115:442-449, 2007
  pubmed

• 10) Extramiana F, et al:Amplified transmural dispersion of repolarization as the basis for arrhythmogenesis in a canine ventricular-wedge model of short-QT syndrome. Circulation 110:3661-3666, 2004

• 11) Schimpf R, et al:Congenital short QT syndrome and implantable cardioverter defibrillator treatment; Inherent risk for inappropriate shock delivery. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 14:1273-1277, 2003
  pubmed

• 12) Schimpf R, et al:short QT syndrome; Successful prevention of sudden cardiac death in an adolescent by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treatment for primary prophylaxis. Heart Rhythm 2:416-417, 2005

• 13) Gaita F, et al:Short QT syndrome; Pharmacological treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1494-1499, 2004
  pubmed

[15] Brugada症候群におけるリスク層別化

P.175 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Wilde AA, et al:Proposed diagnostic criteria for the Brugada syndrome; Consensus report. Circulation 106:2514-2519, 2002
  pubmed

• 2) Antzelevitch C, et al:Brugada syndrome; Report of the second consensus conference. Heart Rhythm 2:429-440, 2005
  pubmed

• 3) Weiss R, et al:Clinical and molecular heterogeneity in the Brugada syndrome; A novel gene locus on chromosome 3. Circulation 105:707-713, 2002
  pubmed

• 4) Antzelevitch C, et al:Loss-of function mutation in the cardiac calcium chamel underlie a new clinical entity characterized by ST-segment elevation, short QT intervals, and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 115:442-449, 2007

• 5) Yan GX, et al:Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST-segment elevation. Circulation 110:1660-1666, 1999

• 6) Turkie R, et al:Delay in right ventricular activation contributes to Brugada syndrome. Circulation 109:1272-1277, 2004

• 7) Nagase S, et al:Epicardial electrogram of the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with the Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1992-1995, 2002
  pubmed

• 8) Frustaci A, et al:Cardiac histological substrate in patients with clinical phenotype of Brugada syndrome. Circulation 112:3680-3687, 2005
  pubmed

• 9) Coronel R, et al:Right ventricular fibrosis and conduction delay in a patient with clinical signs of Brugada syndrome; Acombined electrophysiological, genetic, histopathologic, and computational study. Circulation 112:2769-2777, 2005

• 10) Brugada J, et al:Detemlinants of sudden cardiac death in individuals with the Electrocardiographic pattem of Brugada syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest. Circulation 108:3092-3096, 2003

• 11) Priori SG, et al:Natural history of Brugada syndrome; Insight for risk stratification and management. Circulation 105:1342-1347, 2002
  pubmed

• 12) Eckardt L, et al:Long-term prognosis of individuals with right precordial ST-segment-elevation Brugada syndrome. Circulation 111:257-263, 2005
  pubmed

• 13) Ikeda T, et al:Assessment of noninvasive markers in identifying patients at risk in the Brugada syndrome; Insight into risk stratification. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:1628-1634, 2001
  pubmed

• 14) Atarashi H, et al; Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Investigators:New ECG criteria for high-risk Brugada syndrome. Circ J 67:8-10, 2003
  pubmed

• 15) Castro Hevia J, et al:Tpeak-Tend and Tpeak-Tend dispersion as risk factors for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in patients with the Brugada syndrome J Am Coll Cardiol 47:1828-1834, 2006
  pubmed

• 16) Matsuo K, et al:Dynamic changes of 12-lead electrocardiograms in a patient with Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 9:508-512, 1998

• 17) Antzelevitch C:Brugada syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29:1130-1159, 2006
  pubmed

• 18) Brugada J, et al:Right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation in leads V l through V3; A marker for sudden death in patients without demonstrable structural heart disease. Circulation 97:457-460, 1998

• 19) Bmgada J, et al:Long-term follow-up of individuals with the electrocardiographic pattem of right bundlebranch block and ST-segment elevation in precordial leads V l to V3. Circulation 105:73-78, 2002

• 20) Brugada P, et al:Should patients with an asymptomatic Brugada electrocardiogram undergo pharmacological and electrophysiological testing? Circulation 112:279-292, 2005
  pubmed

• 21) Priori SG, et al:Management of patients with Brugada syndrome should not be based on programmed electrical stimulation. Circulation 112:285-291, 2005

• 22) Matsuo K, et al:The prevalence, incidence, and prognostic value of the Brugada-type electrogram. J Am Coll Cardiol 38:765-770, 2001

• 23) 鎌倉史郎:Brugada症候群の予後と治療. 心臓39:16-20, 2007

• 24) Miyamoto K, et al:Diagnostic and prognostic value of a type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram at higher (third or second) Vl to V2 recording in men with Brugada syndrome. Am J Cardiol 99:53-57, 2007
  pubmed

• 25) Ikeda T, et al:The full stomach test as a novel diagnostic technique for identifying patients at risk of Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17:602-607, 2006
  pubmed

• 26) Nishizaki M, et al:Effects of glucose-induced insulin secretion on ST segment elevation in the Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 14:243-249, 2003

• 27) Wolpert C, et al:Intravenous drug challenge using flecainide and ajimaline in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2:254-260, 2005
  pubmed

• 28) Veltmann C, et al:A prospective study on spontaneous fluctuations between diagnostic and non-diagnosticECGs in Bnugada syndrome; Implications for correct phenotyping and risk stratification. Eur Heart J 27:2544-2552, 2006
  pubmed

• 29) Di Diego JM, et al:Ionic and cellular basis for the predominance of the Brugada syndrome phenotype in males. Circulation 106:2004-2011, 2002
  pubmed

• 30) Matsuo K, et al:Disappearance of the Brugada-type electrocardiogram after surgical castration; Arole for testosterone and an explanation for the male preponderance. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 26:1551-1553, 2003

• 31) Bai CX, et al:Nontranscriptional regulation of cardiac reporarization currents by testosterone. Circulation 112:1701-1710, 2005
  pubmed

• 32) Patruno N, et al:Brugada syndrome and neurally mediated susceptibility. Ital Heart J 6:761-764, 2005
  pubmed

• 33) Samniah N, et al:Syncope in pharmacologically unmasked Bnugada syndrome; Indication for an implantable defibrillator or an unresolved dilemma? Europace 3:159-163, 2001
  pubmed

• 34) Gehi AK, et al:Risk stratification of individuals with the Brugada electrocardiogram; Ameta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17:577-583, 2006

• 35) Grant AO, et al:Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and conduction system disease are linked to a single sodium channel mutation. J Clin Invest 110:1201-1209, 2002
  pubmed

• 36) Probst V, et al:Progressive cardiac conduction defect is the prevailing phenotype in carriers of a Brugada syndrome SCN5A mutation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17:270-275, 2006
  pubmed

• 37) Smits JP, et al:Genotype-phenotype relationship in Brugada syndrome; Electrocardiographic features differentiate SCN5A-related patients from non-SCNsA-related patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 40:350-356, 2002

• 38) Ajiro Y, et al:Assessment of markers for identifying patients at risk for life-threatening arrhythmic events in Bnlgada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16:45-51, 2005
  pubmed

• 39) Tatsumi H, et al:Risk stratification in patients with Brugada syndrome; Analysis of daily fluctuations in 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) . JCardiovasc Electrophysiol 17:705-711, 2006
  pubmed

• 40) 田辺康宏, 他:Brugada症候群のリスク層別化における加算平均心電図の有用性. 心臓 39 (Suppl. 1):64-67, 2007

• 41) Antzelevitch C:Late potentials and the Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1996-1999, 2002
  pubmed

[16] T wave alternansと長期予後

P.188 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hohnloser SH, et al:T-wave altemans negative coronary patients with low ejection and benefit from defibrillator implantation. Lancet 362:125-126, 2003

• 2) Bloomfield DM, et al:Microvolt T-wave altemans distinguishes between patients likely and patients not likely to benefit from implanted cardiac defibrillator therapy; A solution to the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II conundrum. Circulation 110:1885-1889, 2004

• 3) Bloomfield DM, et al:Microvolt T-wave altemans and the risk of death or sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:456-463, 2006
  pubmed

• 4) Chow T, et al:Prognostic utility of microvolt T-wave alternans in risk stratification of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:1820-1829, 2006
  pubmed

• 5) Ikeda T, et al:Predictive value of microvolt T-wave alternans for sudden cardiac death in patients with preserved cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction; Results of a collaborative cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:2268-2274, 2006
  pubmed

• 6) Kaufman ES, et al:"Indetemminate"microvolt T-wave alternans tests predict high risk of death or sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:1399-1404, 2006

• 7) Chow T, et al:Microvolt T-wave altemans identifies patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:50-58, 2007

• 8) Gehi AK, et al:Microvolt T-wave altemans for the risk stratification of ventricular tachyarrhythmic events; A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:75-82, 2005

• 9) Narayan SM:T-wave altemans and the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:269-281, 2006

• 10) Grimm W, et al:Noninvasive arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; Results of the Marburg Cardiomyopathy Study. Circulation 108:2883-2891, 2003
  pubmed

• 11) Furlanello F, et al:Microvolt T-wave altemans as predictor of electrophysiological testing results in professional competitive athletes. Ann Noninvasive Electocardiol 9:201-206, 2004

• 12) Tapanainen JM, et al:Prognostic significance of risk stratifiers of mortality, including T wave alternans after acute myocardial infarction; Results of a prospective follow-up study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12:645-652, 2001
  pubmed

• 13) Sakabe K, et al:Predicting the recurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias from T-wave altemans assessed on antiarrhythmic pharmacotherapy; A prospective study in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 6:203-208, 2001

• 14) Tanno K, et al:Long-term outcomes in patients with abnormal microvolt T wave alternans-comparison between ischemic heart disease and non-ischemic heart disease. Circulation 114 (Abstr.):II-474, 2006

• 15) Hohnloser SH, et al:Usefulness of microvolt T-wave altemans for prediction of ventricular tachyarrhythmic events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy; Results from a prospective observational study. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:2220-2224, 2003

• 16) Kitamura H, et al:Onset heart rate of microvolt-level T-wave altemans provides clinical and prognostic value in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:295-300, 2002

• 17) Ikeda T, et al:T-wave alternans as a predictor for sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 89:79-82, 2002
  pubmed

[17] アミオダロンと甲状腺機能障害

P.197 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Martino E, et al:The effects of amiodarone on the thyroid. Endocr Rev 22:240-254, 2001
  pubmed

• 2) Basaria S, et al:Amiodarone and the thyroid. Am J Med 118:706-714, 2005
  pubmed

• 3) Sato K, et al:Clinical characteristics of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in Japan. Endocr J 46:443-451, 1999
  pubmed

• 4) Sato K, et al:Povidone iodine-induced overt hypothyroidism in a patient with prolonged habitual gargling; Urinary excretion of iodide after gargling in normal subjects. Inter Med 46:391-395, 2007

• 5) Nakajima K, et al:Amiodarone stimulates interleukin-6 production in cultured human thyrocytes, exerting cytotoxic effects on thyroid follicles in suspension culture. Thyroid 11:101-109, 2001
  pubmed

• 6) Bakker O, et al:Desethylamiodarone is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the binding of thyroid hormone to the thyroid hormone beta 1-receptor protein. Endocrinology 134:1665-1670, 1994

• 7) Dietlein M, et al:Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis due to destructive thyroiditis; Therapeutic recommendations. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 113:145-151, 2005
  pubmed

• 8) Kashima A, et al:Pharmacokinetic characteristics of amiodarone in long-term oral therapy in Japanese population. Biol Pharm Bull 28:1934-1938, 2005
  pubmed

• 9) Bogazzi F, et al:Glucocorticoid response in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroiditis is predicted by thyroid volume and serum free thyroid hormone concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:556-562, 2007
  pubmed

• 10) Bogazzi F, et al:Thyroid color fiow doppler sonography and radioiodine uptake in 55 consecutive patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Endocrinol Invest 26:635-640, 2003

• 11) Fragu P, et al:Effects of amiodarone therapy on thyroid iodine content as measured by x-ray florescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66:762-769, 1988

• 12) Shiga T, et al:Amiodarone-lnduced thyroid dysfunction and ventricular tachyarrhythmias during long-temm therapy in Japan. Jpn Circ J 65:958-960, 2001

• 13) Houghton SG, et al:Surgical management of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis; Mayo Clinic experience. World J Surg 28:1083-1087, 2004

• 14) 尾身葉子, 他:心房細動, 心室頻脈に対してamiodaroneが著効し, 抗甲状腺剤に副作用を呈し, 甲状腺機能を迅速に正常化させるために甲状腺全摘術を行なったバセドウ病の一例. 第23回甲状腺病 態生理研究会, 抄録 (#18):14-16, 2007

• 15) Bartalena L, et al:Diagnosis and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in Europe; Results of an intemational survey among members of the European Thyroid Association. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 61:494-502, 2004

• 16) Holt DV, et al:Amiodarone phmmacokinetics. Am Heart J 106:840-847, 1983

• 17) Sato K, et al:Mild and short recurrence of type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in three patients receiving amiodarone continuously for more than 10 years. Endocr J 53:531-538, 2006
  pubmed

• 18) Zimetbaum P:Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 356:935-941, 2007
  pubmed

• 19) Kathofer S, et al:The novel antiarrhythmic drug dronedarone; Comparison with amiodarone. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 23:217-230, 2005
  pubmed

• 20) Sato K, et al:Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis associated with thyrotropin receptor antibody. Thyroid 8:1123-1126, 1998
  pubmed

[18] ICD不適切作動とその対策

P.207 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Moss AJ, et al; Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators:Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 346:877-883, 2002
  pubmed

• 2) Bardy GH, et al; Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) Investigators:Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 352:225-237, 2005

• 3) Kuhlkamp V, et al:Clinical experience with the new detection algorithms fbr atrial fibrillation of a defibrillator with dual chamber sensing and pacing. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10:905-915, 1999

• 4) Deisenhofer I, et al:Do current dual chamber cardioverter defibrillators have advantages over conventional single chamber cardioverter defibrillators in reducing inappropriate therapies? Arandomized, prospective study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12:134-142, 2001

• 5) Theuns DA, et al:Prevention of inappropriate therapy in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators; Results of a prospective, randomized study of tachyarrhythmia detection algorithms. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:2362-2367, 2004
  pubmed

• 6) Schron EB, et al:Quality of life in the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators trial; Impact of therapy and influence of adverse symptoms and defibrillator shocks. Circulation 105:589-594, 2002
  pubmed

• 7) Swerdlow CD, et al:Advanced ICD troubleshooting; Part I. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 28:1322-1346, 2005
  pubmed

• 8) Swerdlow CD, et al:Advanced ICD troubleshooting; Part H. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 29:70-96, 2006

• 9) Friedman PA, et al:Dual-chamber versus single-chamber detection enhancements for implantable defibrillator rhythm diagnosis; The detect supraventricular tachycardia study. Circulation 113:2871-2879, 2006
  pubmed

• 10) Theuns DA, et al:Prevention of inappropriate therapy in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators; Results of a prospective, randomized stUdy of tachyarrhythmia detection algorithms. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:2362-2367, 2004
  pubmed

• 11) Wilkoff BL, et al:Critical analysis of dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator arrhythmia detection; Results and technical considerations. Circulation 103:381-386, 2001
  pubmed

• 12) Swerdlow CD, et al; For the Worldwide Jewel AF Investigators:Detection of atrial fibrillation and flutter by a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Circulation 101:878-885, 2000
  pubmed

• 13) 永井啓行, 他:ICD不適切作動に対するアミオダロンの有用性. Prog Med 増刊号 26 (suppl. 1):1444-1447, 2006

• 14) Sacher F, et al:Outcome after implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with Bnlgada syndrome; A multicenter study. Circulation 114:2317-2324, 2006
  pubmed

• 15) Porres JM, et al:Twave oversensing by a cardioverter defibrillator implanted in a patient with the Brugada syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27:1563-1565, 2004

• 16) Gilliam FR 3rd:T-Wave oversensing in implantable cardiac defibrillators is due to technical failure of device sensing. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 17:553-556, 2006

• 17) Barold S S, et al:Alternating preventricular and postventricular atrial far-field sensing by a dual chamber cardioverter defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 28:1320-1321, 2005
  pubmed

[19] わが国の心筋梗塞患者の突然死の実態

P.214 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Maron BJ, et al:Causes of sudden death in competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol 7:204-214, 1986
  pubmed

• 2) Huikuri HV, et al:Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 345:1473-1482, 2001
  pubmed

• 3) Domanski MJ, et al:Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on sudden cardiac death in patients following acute myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:598-604, 1999
  pubmed

• 4) Moss AJ, et al:Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 346:877-883, 2002
  pubmed

• 5) Bardy GH, et al:Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 352:225-237, 2005

• 6) Gregoratos G, et al:ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices; Summary article; Areport of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACCIAHA (NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines) . Circulation 106:2145-2161, 2002

• 7) Pfeffer MA, et al:Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 349:1893-1906, 2003

• 8) 川城直美, 他:わが国における低心機能患者の突然死の実態とリスク検討 (HIJ登録研究から). J Arrhythmia 23 (Suppl.):118, 2007

• 9) Anavekar NS, et al:Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 351:1285-1295, 2004
  pubmed

• 10) Tanno K, et al:Are the MADIT II criteria for ICD implantation appropriate for Japanese patients? Circ J 69:19-22, 2005

• 11) Greenberg H, et al:Analysis of mortality events in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT-II). J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1459-1465, 2004

• 12) Moss AJ, et al; Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators:Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 335:1933-1940, 1996
  pubmed

• 13) Hohnloser SH, et al:Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-defibriUator after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 351:2481-2488, 2004
  pubmed

• 14) Solomon SD, et al:Sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or both. N Engl J Med 352:2581-2588, 2005

• 15) Gnlppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nelr Infarto miocardico:Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction; Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial Lancet 354:447-455, 1999

• 16) Massie BM, et al; CHF-STATkmvestigators:Effect of amiodarone on clinical status and left ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 93:2128-2134, 1996
  pubmed

• 17) Julian DG, et al; EMIAT. European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial Investigators:Randomised trial of effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction. Lancet 349:667-674, 1997
  pubmed

• 18) Cains JA, et al; CAMIAT. Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial Investigators:Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations. Lancet 349:675-682, 1997
  pubmed

• 19) Vyas AK, et al:Reduction in ventricular tachyarrhythmias with statins in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)-II. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:769-773, 2006

• 20) De Sutter J, et al:Lipid lowering drugs and recurrences of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in high-risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:766-772, 2000
  pubmed

• 21) Underwood SR, et al:Imaging techniques for the assessment of myocardial hibemation. Report of a Study Group of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 25:815-836, 2004