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P.15 掲載の参考文献

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P.17 掲載の参考文献

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P.19 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Fearnhead NS, Britton MP, Bodmer WF:The ABC of APC. Hzam Mol Genet 10:721-733, 2001.

P.21 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Inohara N, Nunez G:The NOD:a signaling module that regulates apoptosis and host defense against pathogens. Oncogene 20:6473-6481, 2001.
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P.22 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Jone PA, Laird PW:Cancer epigenetics come of age. Nat Genet 21:163-167, 1999.

• 2) Issa JP:The Epigenetics of colorectal cancer. Am NY Acad Sci 910:140-153, 2000.

• 3) 渡邊すぎ子, 藤田直之, 市村隆也ほか:DNAメチル化とエピジェネティクス. GI Research 9:238-290, 2001.

P.25 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Surani MA:Imprinting and the initiation of gene silencing in the germ line. Cell 93:309-312, 1998.
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• 2) Paulsen M, Ferguson-Smith AC:DNA methylation in genomic imprinting, development, and disease. J Pathol 195:97-110, 2001.

• 3) 佐々木裕之:ゲノムインプリンティング領域と関連疾患へのゲノムからのアプローチ. 蛋白質 核酸 酵素 46:2342-2345, 2001.

P.26 掲載の参考文献

• 1) 豊田実, 伊東文生, 今井浩三:消化器癌における DNAメチル化の臨床応用. GI Research 9:291- 297, 2001.

• 2) 豊田実, 伊東文生, 今井浩三:DNAメチル化の異常による発癌機構. 細胞工学 20:356-362, 2001.

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P.29 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Keiko-Masu K, Masu M, Hinck L et al:Deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) encodes a netrin receptor. Cell 87:175-185, 1996.

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P.32 掲載の参考文献

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• 3) Shay JW, Bacchetti S:A survey of telomerase activity in human cancer. Eur J Cancer 33:787-791, 1997
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• 4) Takakura M, Kyo S, Sowa Y et al:Telomerase activation by histone deacetylase inhibitor in normal cells. Nucleic Acids Res 29:3006-3011, 2001
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• 5) Hoare SF, Bryce LA, Wisman GB et al:Lack of telomerase RNA gene hTERC expression in alternative lengthening of telomeres cells is associated with methylation of the hTERC promoter. Cancer Res 61:27-32, 2001
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• 6) Chong L, van Steensel B, Broccoli D et al:A human telomeric protein. Science 270:1662-1667, 1995

• 7) Broccoli D, Smogorzewska A, Chong L et al:Human telomeres contain two distinct Mybrelated proteins, TRF 1 and TRF 2. Nat Genet 17:231-235, 1997

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• 9) Matsutani N, Yokozaki H, Tahara E et al:Expression of telomeric repeat binding factor 1 and 2 and TRF 1-interacting nuclear protein 2 in human gastric carcinomas. Int J Oncol 19:507-512, 2001

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• 11)Yasui W, Yokozaki H, Shimamoto F et al:Molecular-pathological diagnosis of gastrointestinal tissues and its contribution to cancer histopathology. Pathol Int 49:763-774, 1999
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P.35 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Lane DP:cancer. p 53, guardian of the genome. Nature 358:15-16, 1992

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P.37 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Simpson L, Parsons R:PTEN:1ife as a tumor suppressor. Exp Cell Res 264:29-41, 2001

• 2) Yamada KM, Araki M:Tumor suppressor PTEN:modulator of cell signaling, growth, migration and apoptosis. J Cell Sci 114:2375- 2382, 2001

• 3) Di Cristofano A, Pandolfi PP:The multiple roles of PTEN in tumor suppression. Cell 100:387-390, 2000
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P.39 掲載の参考文献

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P.42 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Saletti P, Edwin ID, Pack K et al:Microsatellite instability:application in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 12:151-160, 2001
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• 2) Tomita Y, Aozawa K:Genomic instability analysis in hereditary cancer syndrome. Nippon Rinsho 58:1200-1205, 2000

• 3) Boland CR, Thibodeau SN, Hamilton SR et al:A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Microsatellite Instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition:development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 58:5248-5257, 1998
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P.45 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Alex AA:Blocking oncogenic ras signaling for cancer therapy (review) . J Nat Cancer lnst 93:1062-1074, 2001

• 2) Ayllon V, Rebollo A:Ras-induced cellular events (review) . Mol Membr Biol 17:65-73, 2000
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• 3) James MC, Bryan RG, Graham Casey:臨床医のための大腸癌の分子生物学入門, 武藤徹一郎, 名川弘一 監修, 医学書院, 東京, 1998, pp 49-57

P.46 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Bado A, Levasseur S, Attoub S et al:The stomach is a source of leptin. Nature 394:790- 793, 1998

• 2) Azuma T, Suto H, Ito Y et al:Gastric leptin and Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 49:324-329, 2001
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P.48 掲載の参考文献

• 1) E1-Omar EM, Carrington M, Chow WH et al:Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Nature 404:398-402, 2000

• 2) Yasunaga Y, Shinomura Y, Kanayama S et al:Increased production of interlukin-1 and hepatocyte growth factor may contribute to foveolar hyperplasia in enlarged fold gastritis. Gut 39:787-794, 1996

• 3) Wang M, Furuta T, Takashima M et al :Relation between interleukin-1β messenger RNA in gastric fundic mucosa and gastric juice pH in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori:J Gastroenterol 34 (suppl XI):10-17, 1999

P.50 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Hirano T:In:Interleukin 6 The Cytokine Handbook, 3 rd ed, Academic Press Limited, 1998, pp 197-228

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• 3) Yamasaki K, Taga T, Hirata Y et al:Cloning and expression of human interleukin 6 (BSF-2/IFNb 2) receptor, a member of immunoglobulin superfamily. Science 241:825-858, 1998

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P.53 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Fry TJ, Mackall CL:Interleukin-7:master regulator of peripheral T-cell homeostasis? Trends Immunol 22:564-571, 2001
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• 2) Watanabe M, Ueno Y, Yamazaki M et al:Mucosal IL-7-mediated immune responses in chronic colitis-IL-7 transgenic mouse model. Immunol Res 20:251-259, 1999
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P.55 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Mukaida N, Harada A, Matsushima K:Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF/MCP-1),chemokines essentially involved in inflammatory and immune reactions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 9:9-23, 1998
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• 2) Venkatakrishnan G, Salgia R, Groopman JE:Chemokine receptors CXCR-1/2 activate mitogen-activated protein kinase via the epidermal growth factor receptor in ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 275:6868-6875, 2000

• 3) Peek RM Jr:IV. Helicobacter pylori strainspecific activation of signal transduction cascades related to gastric inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol:280:G 525- G 530, 2001

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P.57 掲載の参考文献

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P.59 掲載の参考文献

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P.61 掲載の参考文献

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P.63 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Fukata M, Nakagawa M, Itoh N et al:Involvement of IQGAP 1, an affector of Rac 1 and Cdc 42 GTPases, in cell-cell dissociation during cell scattering. Mol Cell Biol 21:2165-2183, 2001

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P.64 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y et al:Ghrelin is a growth-hormone releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402:656-660, 1999
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• 2) Masuda Y, Tanaka T, Inomata N et al:Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 276:905-908, 2000
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P.67 掲載の参考文献

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• 2) Kannagi R:Carbohydrate-mediated cell adhesion involved in hematogenous metastasis of cancer. Glycoconj J 14:577-584, 1997
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P.69 掲載の参考文献

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P.71 掲載の参考文献

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P.73 掲載の参考文献

• 1) Komatsu H, Okayasu I, Mitomi H et al:Immunohistochemical detection of human gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase in normal tissues and cultured cells with novel mouse monoclonal antibodies. J Histochem Cytochem 49:759-766, 2001
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P.77 掲載の参考文献

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P.79 掲載の参考文献

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P.81 掲載の参考文献

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P.89 掲載の参考文献

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P.95 掲載の参考文献

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P.97 掲載の参考文献

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P.99 掲載の参考文献

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